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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name of a circumscribed, flat discoloration that may be brown, blue, red, or hypo pigmented and measures < 1 cm? They are nonpalpable.
Example? |
Macule
ex: Becker's nevus |
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Name of a flat, circumscribed, discolored, nonpalpable lesion > 1 cm?
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Patch
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Name of an elevated solid lesion up to 1.0 cm in diameter that is palpable? Color varies. It is confined to the epidermis.
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Papule
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Name of a circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion more than 1.0 cm in diameter, often formed by the confluence of papules? They involve the epidermis only.
Example? |
Plaque
ex: psoriasis |
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Name of a a circumscribed, elevated, solid lesion that extends into the dermis.
(Squeeze it!) Example? |
Nodule
ex: Neurofibromatosis |
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Name a circumscribed collection of leukocytes that varies in size?
Example? |
Pustule
ex: Folliculitis |
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Name of a a circumscribed collection of free fluid up to 1.0 cm in diameter? They involve the epidermis only.
Example? |
Vesicle
ex: Herpes simplex |
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Name of a circumscribed, superficial collection of free fluid more than 1.0 cm in diameter?
Example? |
Bulla (blister)
ex: Herpes zoster |
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Name of a firm edematous plaque resulting from infiltration of the dermis with fluid? They are transient and may last only a few hours. Also known as Urticaria.
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Wheal (hives)
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Name of excess dead epidermal cells that are produced by abnormal keratinization and shedding? May be seen in any chronic dermatitis.
Example? |
Scales
ex: psoriasis |
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Name of a collection of dried serum and cellular debris? Also known as a scab.
Example? |
Crust
ex: Impetigo |
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Name of thick, palpable, upraised, irregular, dry, necrotic tissue or ‘slough’?
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Eschar
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Name of a focal loss of epidermis, where the erosions do not penetrate below the dermoepidermal junction? and therefore heal without scarring
Example? |
Erosion
ex: Tinea pedis |
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Name of a focal loss of epidermis and dermis? They heal with scarring
Example? |
Ulcer
ex: Chancroid |
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Name of a linear loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined, nearly vertical walls?
Example? |
Fissure
ex: Eczema |
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Name of a depression in the skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis or dermis?
Example? |
Atrophy
ex: topical and intralesional steroids |
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Name of an abnormal formation of connective tissue implying dermal damage? After injury or surgery, they are initially thick and pink but with time become white and atrophic.
Example? |
Scar (cicatrix)
ex: Keloid (hypertrophic scar) |
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Name of an erosion caused by scratching? They are often linear erosions
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Excoriation
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Name of a plug of sebaceous and keratinous material lodged in the opening of a hair follicle?
The follicular orifice may be: a) dilated b) or narrowed |
Comedone
a) blackhead b) whitehead or closed comedone |
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Name of a small, superficial keratin cyst with no visible opening?
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Milia
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Name of a circumscribed lesion with a wall and a lumen? The lumen may contain fluid or solid matter
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Cyst
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Name of a narrow, elevated, tortuous channel produced by a parasite?
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Burrow
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Name of an area of thickened epidermis induced by scratching? The skin lines are accentuated so that the surface looks like a washboard
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Lichenification
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Name of dilated superficial blood vessels often with skin thinning?
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Telangiectasia
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Name of a circumscribed, upraised deposit of blood less than 0.5 cm in diameter that does not blanch?
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Petechiae
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Name of a circumscribed, upraised deposit of blood greater than 0.5 cm in diameter that does not blanch?
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Purpura
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Name of bruises, more extensive than purpura, round or irregular and flat?
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Ecchymosis
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Name of diffuse redness of the skin caused by inflammation?
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Erythema
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Name of a focal urticaria secondary to stroking or scratching in the distribution of the pressure?
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Dermatographism
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Name of rapid swelling of a lesion after pressure is applied?
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Darier's sign
(Darin is PHAST! - rapid swelling) |
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Name of epidermal shearing with minimal lateral pressure in seemingly uninvolved skin?
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Nikolsky's sign
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Name of appearance of multifocal pinpoint bleeding after removing a plaque or crust?
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Auspitz sign
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Name of appearance of lesions along areas of irritation?
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Koebner phenomenon
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Name of softening and whitening of skin that is constantly wet due to chronic water or urine exposure, edema, ointments, or barrier dressings?
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Maceration
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Name the disease:
Superficial, flattened papules covered by a dry scale. Often multiple; can be round or irregular; pink, tan, or grayish. Appear on sun-exposed skin of older, fair-skinned people. |
Actinic Keratosis
Though benign, 1 of every 1000 per year develop into squamous cell carcinoma (suggested by rapid growth, induration, redness at the base, and ulceration). Keratoses on face and hand are typical locations. |
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Name the disease:
Common, benign, yellowish to brown raised lesions that feel slightly greasy and velvety or warty and have a "stuck on" appearance. |
Seborrheic Keratosis
Typically multiple and symmetrically distributed on the trunk of older people, but may also appear on the face and elsewhere. In black people, often younger women, may appear as small, deeply pigmented papules on the cheeks and temples (dermatosis papulosa nigra). |
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Name the disease:
Grows slowly and seldom metastasizes even though it is malignant. An initial translucent nodule spreads, leaving a depressed center and a firm elevated border. Telangiectatic vessels are often visible. It is most common in fair-skinned adults 40 years and older, and usually appears on the face. |
Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Usually appears on sun-exposed of fair-skinned adults older than 60 years. It may develop in an actinic keratosis. It usually grows more quickly than basal cell carcinoma, is firmer, and looks redder. Face and back of hands are often affected.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Name it:
Usually appears in the first few decades. Several may arise at the same time, but their appearance usually remains unchanged. Round/oval shape, sharply defined borders, uniform color (especially tan or brown), diameter <6 mm, and flat or raised surface. |
Benign Nevus
Changes in the features raise the spectre of atypical (dysplastic) nevi, or melanoma. Atypical nevi are varied in color but often dark and larger than 6 mm, with irregular borders that fade into the surrounding skin. Look for atypical nevi on the trunk. They may number more than 50 to 100. |
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Name the disease:
Asymmetry, irregular borders (especially notching), variation in color (especially mixtures of black, blue, and red), and diameter >6 mm. |
Malignant Melanoma
ABCDs! Melanoma risk factors: intense year-round sun exposure, blistering sunburns in childhood, fair skin that freckles or burns easily (especially if blonde or red hair), family hx of melanoma, and nevi that are changing or atypical, especially if the patient is older than 50 years. Changing nevi may have new swelling or redness beyond the border, scaling, oozing, or bleeding, or sensations such as itching, burning, or pain. On darker skin, look for melanomas under the nails, on the hands, or on the soles of the feet. |
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What is the outermost keratinized, dead layer of skin called?
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Epidermis
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Which layer is 0.5 - 1.5 mm thick?
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Epidermis
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Which layer is avascular?
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Epidermis
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Where are keratin and melanin formed?
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In the basal inner layer of the epidermis
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Which layer is 0.3 - 3 mm thick?
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Dermis
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Which layer is well supplied with blood and nerve tissue and provides nutrition to the epidermis?
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Dermis
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What can be found in the dermis?
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Blood and nerve tissue, collagen, connective tissue, reticular fibers, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.
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Which layer is primarily adipose tissue?
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Subcutaneous tissue
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What are the 2 types of sweat glands?
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Eccrine and Apocrine
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Which sweat glands are widely distributed, open directly to skin surface, produce sweat to regulate body heat?
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Eccrine
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Which sweat glands are in mainly axillary and genital regions, usually open into hair follicles and are stimulated by emotional stress? They are responsible for body odor secondary to bacterial decomposition.
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Apocrine glands
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Which glands produce a waxy substance that is secreted onto the skin surface through the hair follicles?
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Sebaceous glands
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Where are sebaceous glands NOT located?
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Palms and soles
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What are primary causes of clubbing?
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Idiopathic/congenital associated with no pathology
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What are secondary causes of clubbing?
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Clubbing is associated with hypoxic lung, cardiovascular, or liver disease. Its presence is nonspecific
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What is the methodical approach to the diagnosis of skin diseases?
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1. History: duration, onset, location, symptoms, family history, allergies, occupation, exposures, previous treatments
2. Location/Arrangement/Distribution 3. Primary lesion: initial presenting lesion (show me a new lesion, healed lesion, etc) 4. Secondary lesion: changing morphology 5. Description 6. Differential Dx 7. Testing/Treatment Happy LADs Practice Singing During Daily Tasks :) |