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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
define the three epithelial membranes
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mucous: moist membrane that lines all body cavities that open to the exterior cutaneous: outer skin
serous: lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior |
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why do layers of serous membrane occur in pairs?
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membrane protects organs; serous fluid between layers allows organs to slide freely
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serous membrane lining abdominal cavity
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peritoneum
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serous membrane surrounding the lungs
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pleura
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serous membrane surrounding heart
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pericardium
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synovial membrane
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soft areolar connective tissue lacking epithelial cells
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where is epithelial tissue found?
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body coverings, lining, and glandular tissue
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what are the functions of epithelial membranes?
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protection, filtration, absorption, secretion
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how does the skin protect deeper tissues from ultraviolet radiation?
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melanin produced by melanocytes
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how does the skin synthesize vitamin D?
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modified cholesterol molecules in skin are converted to vitamin D by sunlight
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how does the skin protect deeper tissues from mechanical and chemical damage?
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has relatively impermeable keratinized cells; contains pain receptors, which alert the nervous system to possible damage
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Uppermost layer of external skin covering is full of ______ and hardened to prevent water loss.
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keratin
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stratified squamous epithelial tissue capable of keratinizing
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epidermis
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dense connective tissue firmly connected to epidermis
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dermis
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What are four functions of subcutaneous tissue?
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anchors skin to underlining organs
serves as shock absorber insulates deeper tissues from extreme temperature changes outside the body stores nutrients |
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What are the five strata of the epidermis?
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stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
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What strata contains the only epidermal cells that receive nourishment from the dermis?
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stratum basale
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Constantly dividing daughter cells from the stratum _____ push upward through the stratum ____ and the stratum _____, finally dying and forming the stratum _____.
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basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum
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strata that accounts for 3/4 of epidermal thickness
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stratum corneum
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shingle-like dead cell remnants
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cornified cells
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cells that produce melanin
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melanocytes
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strong, stretchy envelope that holds the body together
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dermis
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What are the two dermal regions?
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papillary and reticular
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cells found throughout the dermis that prevent bacteria from penetrating to deeper organs
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phagocytes
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_____ fibers make dermis tough, while ____ fibers give skin its elasticity.
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collagen, elastic
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How do the abundant blood vessels in the dermis help maintain body temperature homeostasis?
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when body temp is too high, capillaries become engorged with heated blood, allowing heat to radiate from the surface
when body heat needs to be conserved, blood bypasses the dermis capillaries, allowing internal temp to stay high |
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What is cyanosis?
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poorly oxygenated hemoglobin turns blood and skin blue
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What three pigments contribute to skin color?
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1) the amount and kind of melanin, 2) the amount of carotene in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous tissue, 3) the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the dermal blood vessels
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_____ glands are oil glands that dump _____ onto hair follicles or skin surface.
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Sebaceous, sebum
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Why is sebum important to the integument?
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it keeps skin soft and moist, keeps hair soft, and kills bacteria
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____ sweat glands are controlled by _____, and are largely confined to the axillary and genital areas.
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apocrine, androgens
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Sweat is (acidic/basic) to inhibit bacterial growth.
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acidic
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muscles that connect each hair follicle to the dermis
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arrector pili
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white crescent on nail
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lunula
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inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
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boils and carbuncles
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