Skeletal System (Axial)

Front 1

The Axial Skeleton is composed of

Back 1

80 bones

Front 2

The Axial Skeleton is composed of 80 bones. This includes the

Back 2

Skull

Hyoid

Auditory ossicles

Thorax

Vertebra

Front 3

How many bones are in the skull

Back 3

22

Front 4

How many bones are in the hyoid

Back 4

1

Front 5

how many bones are in the auditory ossicles

Back 5

6

Front 6

how many bones are in the thorax

Back 6

25

Front 7

how many bones are in the vertebra

Back 7

26

Front 8

The bone markings are classified into three (3)

Back 8

articulating

non articulating

depressions and openings

Front 9

articulating bones are

Back 9

head

facet

condyle

Front 10

enlarged end

Back 10

head

Front 11

smooth rounded articular surface

Back 11

condyle

Front 12

smooth flattened surface

Back 12

facet

Front 13

bones that are Non – Articulating

Back 13

1.Tuberosity

2. Process

3. Crest

4. Tubercle

5. Line

Front 14

Knob/Enlargement

Back 14

tuberosity

Front 15

prominent projection

Back 15

process

Front 16

prominent ridge

Back 16

crest

Front 17

Bones in the Depressions/ Opening

Back 17

1. Foramen

2. Fossa

3. Meatus

4. Fissure

5. Sinus

Front 18

opening/hole

Back 18

foramen

Front 19

depression

Back 19

fossa

Front 20

tunnel-like opening

Back 20

meatus

Front 21

cleft

Back 21

fissure

Front 22

cavity

Back 22

sinus

Front 23

SKULL – divided into two:

Back 23

1. Calvarium (Braincase)

2. Cranial base (Facial bones)

Front 24

– Superior aspect

Back 24

calvarium

Front 25

inferior

Back 25

cranial base

Front 26

six bones of the Calvarium (step of 6)

Back 26

sphenoid

temporal

ethmoid

parietal

occipital

frontal

Front 27

Forms the forehead, superior part of orbits and most of the anterior cranial fossa; contains sinuses.

Back 27

frontal bone

Front 28

– forehead, the most anterior part of the frontal area

Back 28

squamos

Front 29

thickened part which lie under the eyebrows. This is where the forehead ends.

Back 29

supraorbital margin

Front 30

passageway of supraorbital artery and nerves.

Back 30

supraorbital foramen

Front 31

Forms most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull. Sutures – interlocking joints of the skull / wormian bones

Back 31

parietal bone

Front 32

– parietal - frontal

Back 32

Coronal Suture

Front 33

parietal – occipital

Back 33

Lambdoidal Suture

Front 34

– parietal – temporal

Back 34

Squamousal Suture

Front 35

Form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and contribute to the middle cranial fossa. It is best viewed on a lateral position.

Back 35

TEMPORAL BONES

Front 36

3 major parts of temporal bone

Back 36

Squamous

Tympanic

Petrous

Front 37

Squamous has 2 parts

Back 37

Zygomatic Arch

Temporomandibular Joint

Front 38

when the zygomatic process of the temporal bone meets the zygomatic bone, it forms an arch.

Back 38

Zygomatic Arch

Front 39

condylar process of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa

Back 39

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Front 40

one bone in the Tympanic

Back 40

External Auditory Meatus

Front 41

through which the sound enters the ear, thus enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.

Back 41

External Auditory Meatus

Front 42

thickest and hoses the middle and internal ear cavities

Back 42

Petrous

Front 43

6 bones in the Petrous

Back 43

1. Middle cranial fossa

2. Jugular Foramen

3. Carotid canal

4. Foramen Lacerum

5. Internal Acoustic Meatus

6. Mastoid process

Front 44

supports the temporal brain

Back 44

middle cranial fossa

Front 45

– most lateral foramen, passageway of the jugular vein

Back 45

jugular foramen

Front 46

anterior to the jugular foramen. Transmits the internal carotid artery into the cranial cavity.

Back 46

Carotid canal

Front 47

– between petrous temporal and sphenoid. Most medial portion

Back 47

Foramen Lacerum

Front 48

– transmits cranial nerves.

Back 48

Internal Acoustic Meatus

Front 49

which acts as an anchoring site for some neck muscles. Can be felt as a lump just posterior to the ear. The mastoid has many air cavities called “mastoid air cells”

Back 49

Mastoid process

Front 50

needle like process which is not just for neck attachment but also for tongue muscles.

Back 50

Styloid process –

Front 51

Forms most of the skull’s posterior wall and base.

Back 51

OCCIPITAL BONE

Front 52

occipital bone has 4 parts

Back 52

a. Posterior cranial fossa

b. Foramen Magnum

c. Occipital condyles

d. External occipital protuberance

Front 53

supports the cerebellum

Back 53

Posterior cranial fossa

Front 54

largest foramen of the skull, spinal cord passes through.

Back 54

Foramen Magnum

Front 55

located on each lateral side of the foramen magnum. This is where C1 articulates

Back 55

Occipital condyles

Front 56

Most bulging part of the posterior skull.

Back 56

External occipital protuberance

Front 57

Bat-shaped Keystone, because it acts as a central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones.

Back 57

sphenoid bone

Front 58

parts of sphenoid bone

Back 58

a. Body

b. Hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica

Front 59

process of sphenoid bone

Back 59

a. Lesser tubercle

b. Greater tubercle

c. Pterygoid process

Front 60

medial process, horn-like

Back 60

lesser tubercule

Front 61

projects laterally

Back 61

Greater wing

Front 62

interior portion, which serves as an attachment for pterygoid muscles for chewing

Back 62

Pterygoid process

Front 63

Has complex shape like sphenoid.Helps to form the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the lateral walls and roof of the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of the orbit.

Back 63

ETHMOID BONE

Front 64

ethmoid bone has 3 parts

Back 64

a. Cribriform plate

b. Crista galli

c. Perpendicular plate

Front 65

helps form the root of the nasal cavities and floor of the anterior cranial fossa

Back 65

cribriform plate

Front 66

the dura matter of the brain is attached to this structure, to help secure the brain in the cranial cavity

Back 66

Crista galli

Front 67

– inferior portion, which divides the nasal cavity from right to left.

Back 67

Perpendicular plate

Front 68

8 bones in Cranial Base/ Facial Bones

Back 68

Mandible

maxilla

zygoma

nasal

lacrimal

palatine

vomer

inferior nasal conche

Front 69

Lower-jaw bone, forms the chin and anchors lower teeth

Back 69

mandible

Front 70

Upper-jaw bone and parts of the hard palate, orbits and nasal cavity wallsContains the largest paranasal sinus – maxillary sinus

Back 70

maxilla

Front 71

Forms the cheeks and parts of the orbits. Articulations: Maxilla, frontal and temporal

Back 71

zygoma

Front 72

Forms the bridge of the noseArticulations: Frontal, maxilla and perpendicular plate

Back 72

nasal

Front 73

Fingernail-shaped structure which forms part of the medial orbit wallEach lacrimal bone contains a deep grove which helps form the lacrimal fossa which houses the lacrimal sac. This serves as a passageway for tears to drain from the eye surface to nasal cavity

Back 73

LACRIMAL

Front 74

Form posterior part of the hard palate and a small part of nasal cavity and orbit walls. The horizontal plates, joined at the median palatine suture, complete the posterior portion of the hard palate. The superiorly projecting perpendicular plates form part of the posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity and a small part of the orbits.

Back 74

PALATINE

Front 75

The slender, plow-shaped ___ lies in the nasal cavity, where it forms part of the nasal septum

Back 75

VOMER

Front 76

The paired _____ are thin, curved bones in the nasal cavity. They project medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, just inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone

Back 76

INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE

Front 77

unique in that it is the only bone of the body that does not

Back 77

hyoid bone

Front 78

Three bones in the middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body.

Back 78

AUDITORY OSSICLES

Front 79

Three bones in the auditory ossicles

Back 79

1. Malleus (hammer)

2. Incus(Anvil)

3. Stapes (Stirrup)

Front 80

how bones are in the VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Back 80

33 bones (infant)

26 bones (adult)

Front 81

where is the VERTEBRAL COLUMN located

Back 81

back

Front 82

regions in the VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Back 82

1. Cervical

2. Thoracic

3. Lumbar

4. Sacral

5. Coccyx

Front 83

– C1 to C7

Back 83

cervical

Front 84

– T1 to T12

Back 84

thoracic

Front 85

– L1 to L5

Back 85

lumbar

Front 86

fused (anterior)

Back 86

Sacral

Front 87

fused(posterior)

Back 87

Coccyx

Front 88

process in vertebra

Back 88

1. Spinous process

2. Transverse process

3. Superior and inferior articular facet

Front 89

a median posterior projection arising at the junction of the two laminae.

Back 89

Spinous process

Front 90

extends laterally from each side of the vertebral arch

Back 90

transverse process

Front 91

- protrude superiorly and inferiorly

Back 91

Superior and inferior articular facet

Front 92

how many bones in the Cervical Spine

Back 92

C1-C7

Front 93

(Atlas)

Back 93

C1

Front 94

(Axis)

Back 94

C2

Front 95

Body: Oval

Spinous process is short and bifid

Vertebral foramen is triangular

Back 95

C3-C7

Front 96

palpable Vertebra Prominens

Back 96

C7

Front 97

how many bones are in the Thoracic Spine

Back 97

T1-T12

Front 98

Body: Heart shaped

Long and sharp spinous process

Demifacets

Transverse process

Vertebral foramen is round

Back 98

T1-T12

Front 99

how many bones are in the Lumbar Spine

Back 99

L1-L5

Front 100

Body: Massive kidney -shaped

Short and flat spinous process

Pedicles and laminae are thicker and shorter

Transverse process

Vertebral foramen is triangular

Back 100

L1-L5

Front 101

-Protects the vital organs in the thorax

- Elements of the thoracic cage include the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, the ribs laterally, and the sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly.

- Includes the sternum and the ribs

Back 101

Thoracic Cage

Front 102

2 parts of the Thoracic Cage

Back 102

Sternum/Breastbone

Ribs

Front 103

-lies in the anterior midline of the thorax. Its superior portion is the manubrium and the inferior portion is the xiphoid process.

Back 103

Sternum/Breastbone

Front 104

– 24 bones, 12 pairs.

Back 104

ribs

Front 105

two parts of ribs

Back 105

a. True ribs

b. False ribs

Front 106

7 pairs

Back 106

true ribs

Front 107

4 pairs (the last 2 ribs are called as floating ribs

Back 107

false ribs