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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bone functions
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Support and protection, body movement, blood cell formation, storage of fats, storage of inorganic salts
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Spongy bone tissue
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Porous bone tissue. Bone mass is not organized. Openings within the tissue will be occupied by red bone marrow
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Compact bone
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Uniform and highly organized. Walls of long bones are compact bone tissue
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Long bone
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Links of the bone is greater than the width of the bone. Walls of bone are compact bone tissue but the ends of the bones are spongy bone tissue
Example femur and humerus |
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Short bone
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Links and width of the bone are roughly equal. Contain more spongy bone than compact bone return example carpals and tarsals
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Flat bone
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Thin yet has a broad surface
Example skull bones and sternum |
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Irregular bone
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No specific shape
Example facial bones and vertebrae |
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Articular cartilage
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Covers the ends of the bone to decrease friction in a joint. Cartilage consists of hyaline cartilage
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epiphysis
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End of the bone made up of spongy bone tissue. Proximal and distal contain red bone marrow
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diaphysis
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Shaft of the bone. Mainly compact bone. Medial regions is hollow cavity called medullary cavity.
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Medullary cavity
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medial region of the diaphysis . Contains blood vessels nerves and yellow marrow
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Periosteum
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Fibrous yet vascular connective tissue covering of the diaphysis. Plays a part in bone repair
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Landmarks
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Site of attachment of muscles tendons and ligaments. Are also passages for nerves and blood vessels.
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Osteon
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Functional and structural unit of compact bone
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Central canal
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Opening that extends longitudinally and contains blood vessels and nerves
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Perforating canal
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Opening that extends perpendicular or transverse to the central canal. Contains blood vessels and nerves. Connects the central canal
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Osteocytes
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Mature fixed bone cell in a chamber called Lucuna. Will lay down bone mass around them
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lamella
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Concentric ring of bone mass around the central canal. There are several rings surrounding the central canal. Collagen calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
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canlicilulus
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Tiny to know that radiates from the Lacuna to transport nutrients and wastes among the osteocytes.
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Osteoblast
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Bone building so. Appear during bone formation and bone repair to deposit calcium in bone tissue. Can reside permanently in bone tissue to become osteocytes
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Osteoclast
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Bone breaking cells. Release calcium from bones if calcium levels are low in the blood and will form the medullary cavity during bone development
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Joints
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Articulations between bones. Find parts of the skeletal system, make bone growth possible, permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth, enable the body to move in response to skeletal muscle contractions
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Fibrous joints
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Dense connective tissue between bones. Movable joints
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synarthroctic
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immovable joints
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Cartilaginous joints
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Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between bones. Limited movement
Example fibrocartilage discs between vertebrae pubis of the pelvic girdle costal cartilage of the first ribs |
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Synovial joints
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More complex free movements
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amphiarthrotic
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limited movement
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diarthrotic
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free movement
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Joint capsule
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Outermost covering of the joints. Allow for ligaments to attach in order to reinforce the joint
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Synovial membrane
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Connected membrane that is the inner membrane of the synovial joint. Thin and vascular
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Joint cavity
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Space enclosed laterally by the synovial membrane and the superior and inferior edges are the epiphysis of the bone
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Meniscus
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A flattened fibrocartilage pad located between the articulating surfaces of the bone to aid in movement and serve as shock absorbers
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bursa
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Fluid filled sac located near the between tendons and bone prominences 28 intended move it and to cushion the joint
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Ball and socket
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Consist of a bone with a globular or egg shaped head articulating with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone
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Condyloid
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Consist of an ovoid condyle fitting into an elliptical cavity
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Gliding joint
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Where surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved allowing a back-and-forth motion
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Hinge joint
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Convex surface fits into a concave surface
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Pivot joints
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When a cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of bone and fibrous tissue
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Saddle joints
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Where articulating surfaces have both concave and convex areas
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flexi on
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Angle decreases parts become closer
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Extension
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Angle increases parts move farther apart
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dorsi flexion
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Ankle foot closer to Shin
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Plantar flexion
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Baby have a bath I will do it honey further from shin
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Hyperextension
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Abnormal extension beyond normal range
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Abduction
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Moving part away from midline
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adduction
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Moving part toward midline
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Rotation
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Moving part around axis
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Circumduction
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Moving part so it ends follow circular path
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Pronation
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Palm downward
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Supination
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Palm upward
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Eversion
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Sole of foot outward
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Inversion
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Sole of foot inward
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Retraction
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Part backward
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Protraction
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Part forward
Thrusting head forward |
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Elevations
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Raising a part
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Depression
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Lowering a parts
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