Skeletal System

Front 1

5 primary functions of skeletal system

Back 1

support
storage of minerals and lipids
blood cell production
protectoin
leverage

Front 2

6 bone shapes

Back 2

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
sutural/Wormian bones
Sesamoid bones

Front 3

Long bones

Back 3

long and slender
found in arm, forearm
thigh, leg
palms, soles
fingers, toes

Front 4

Flat bones

Back 4

roof of skull
sternum
ribs
scapulae
provide protection for underlying soft tissues and offer extensive surface area for attachment of skeletal muscles

Front 5

Sutural bones/Wormian bones

Back 5

small, flat, irregular shaped bones between flat bones of skull
like a jigsaw puzzle

Front 6

Irregular bones

Back 6

complex shapes
spinal vertebrae
bones of pelvis
several skull bones

Front 7

Short bones

Back 7

Small and boxy
carpal bones (wrist)
tarsal bones (ankles)

Front 8

Seasmoid bones

Back 8

small, flat, like a sesame seed
develop inside tendons
joints of knees, hands, and feetmay be found in at least 26 locations

Front 9

Bone markings

Back 9

surface features

Front 10

Elevations and projections

Back 10

process
ramus

Front 11

Process
(elevation and projection)

Back 11

projection or bump

Front 12

Ramus
(elevation and projection)

Back 12

extension of bone marking an angle with the rest of the structure

Front 13

Processes formed where tendons or ligaments attach

Back 13

Trochanter
Tuberosity
Tubercle
Crest
Line
Spine

Front 14

Trochanter

Back 14

large, rough projection

Front 15

tuberosity

Back 15

smaller, rough projection

Front 16

tubercle

Back 16

small, rounded projection

Front 17

crest

Back 17

prominent ridge

Front 18

line

Back 18

low ridge

Front 19

spine

Back 19

pointed or narrow process

Front 20

Processes formed for articulation with adjacent bones

Back 20

Head

Front 21

Head

Back 21

expanded articular end of an epiphysis, separated from the shaft by a neck

Front 22

Depressions

Back 22

neck
condyle
trochlea
facet
fossa
sulcus

Front 23

Neck

Back 23

narrow connection between epiphysis and diaphysis

Front 24

Condyle

Back 24

smooth, rounded articular process

Front 25

Trochlea

Back 25

smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

Front 26

Facet

Back 26

small, flat articular surface

Front 27

Sulcus

Back 27

narrow groove

Front 28

Openings

Back 28

Sulcus
Foramen
Canal or Meatus
Fissure
Sinus or Antrum

Front 29

Foramen

Back 29

rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves

Front 30

Canal or Meatus

Back 30

passageway through substance of a bone

Front 31

Fissure

Back 31

Elongated cleft

Front 32

Sinus or Antrum

Back 32

chamber within a bone, normally filled with air

Front 33

Diaphysis

Back 33

shaft of a bone

Front 34

Epiphysis

Back 34

each end of a long bone

Front 35

Metaphysis

Back 35

narrow zone at junction of epiphysis and diaphysis

Front 36

Wall of diaphysis

Back 36

made of compact/dense bone

Front 37

Medullary cavity

Back 37

central space in bone for marrow surrounded by compact bone

Front 38

Spongy bone/ cancellous bone

Back 38

found in epiphysis area

Front 39

spongy bone/cancellous bone 2

Back 39

consists of open network of struts and plates that resembles latticework with a thin covering or cortex of compact bone

Front 40

cortical bone

Back 40

superficial layer covering spongy bone

Front 41

matrix of bone

Back 41

contains bone cells (osteocytes) within pockets called lacunae organized around blood vessels that branch through bony matrix

Front 42

Canaliculi

Back 42

narrow passageways through the matrix that extend between the lacunae and nearby blood vessels forming a branching network for the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and gases

Front 43

Periosteum

Back 43

covers outer surface of bone except at joints, consists of outer fibrous and inner cellular layers

Front 44

Accounts for 2/3 weight of bone

Back 44

calcium Phosphate (Ca3PO4 2)

Front 45

calcium phosphate + Calcium hydroxide

Back 45

hydroxyapatite

Front 46

1/3 weight of bone

Back 46

contributed by collagen fibers

Front 47

2% of bone in weight

Back 47

cells of bone

Front 48

osteocytes

Back 48

mature bone cells that make most of cell population

Front 49

lamellae

Back 49

layers of matrix

Front 50

lacuna

Back 50

pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix that houses a single osteocyte

Front 51

can osteocytes divide?

Back 51

no

Front 52

does lacuna contain more than one osteocyte?

Back 52

no

Front 53

Type of junction linking neighboring osteocytes

Back 53

gap junctions
allow exchange of ions and small molecules, nutrients, and hormones

Front 54

2 major functions of osteocytes

Back 54

maintain protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix
participate in the repair of damaged bone

Front 55

osteoprogenitor celsl

Back 55

mesenchymal cells of bone (Stem cells)

Front 56

osteoblasts

Back 56

produce new bone matrix through osteogenesis

Front 57

osteoclasts

Back 57

remove and recycle bone matrix through osteolysis.
derived from same stem cells that produce monocytes and macrophages

Front 58

osteon

Back 58

basic functional unit of mature compact bone

Front 59

Central Canal/ Haversian Canal

Back 59

contains one or more blood vessels that carry blood to and from the osteon
run parallel to the surface

Front 60

perforating canal/ Canal of Volkmann

Back 60

extend perpendicular to the surface
supply blood to osteons deeper in the bone and to tissues of the medullary cavity

Front 61

osteons=

Back 61

compact bone

Front 62

trabeculae=

Back 62

spongy bone

Front 63

Does spongy bone (trabeculae) have carpillaries or venules in the matrix?

Back 63

no

Front 64

Periosteum

Back 64

superficial layer of compact bone that covers all bones except within joint cavities
fibrous outer layer
cellular inner layer

Front 65

functions of periosteum

Back 65

isolates the bone from surrounding tissues
provides a route for the circulatory and nervous supply
actively participates in bone growth and repair

Front 66

Endosteum

Back 66

incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity
covers trabeculae of spongy bone and lines inner surfaces of central canals
simple falttened layer of osteoprogenitor cells that covers the bone matrix

Front 67

Axial skeleton

Back 67

forms longitudinal axis of the body
80 bones

Front 68

Skull is made up of ______ bones

Back 68

8 cranial and 14 facial

Front 69

vertebral column has _____ bones

Back 69

24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccys

Front 70

Thoracic cage has ____

Back 70

sternum and 24 ribs

Front 71

8 cranial bones

Back 71

occipital
frontal
sphenoid
ethmoid
paired parietal
paired temporal

together enclose cranial cavity

Front 72

facial bones (14)

Back 72

superficial (paired maxillae, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic... and single mandible)
deeper (paired palatine, inferior nasal conchae, .... single median vomer)

Front 73

2 functions of sinuses

Back 73

make bone much lighter
mucous membrane lining them. produces mucus that moistens and cleans the air in and adjacent to the sinus

Front 74

4 major sutures

Back 74

lambdoid suture
coronal suture
sagittal suture
squamous suture

Front 75

lambdoid suture

Back 75

separates occipital bone from two parietal bones

may be composed of more than one sutural bone

Front 76

coronal suture

Back 76

attaches frontal bone to parietal bones on either side

Front 77

skullcap (valvaria)

Back 77

made of occipital, parietal, and frontal bones

Front 78

sagittal suture

Back 78

extends from lambdoid suture to coronal suture across the top of skull. goes between the L & R Parietal bones from the frontal bone to the occipital bone

Front 79

squamous suture

Back 79

(2) on each side of skull forms boundary between temporal bone and parietal bone