Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chondroitin sulfate |
Gives the bone its resilience and toughness |
|
Glycosaminoglycans |
Contains chindroitin sulfatecalci |
|
Calcium and phosphorus salt |
Gives the bone its hardness and rigidity |
|
Compact bone |
Dense or cortical. The hard layer that constitute the exterior of most bones and forms aost tge entire shaft of long bines |
|
Cancellous bone |
Spongy bone. Composed of spicules arranged to form a porous network. The spaces are usually filled with marrow |
|
Maedullary cavity/ marrow cavity |
The space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone |
|
Epiphysis |
Refers to the either end/extremity of long bone. |
|
Diaphysis |
The cylindrical shaft of a long bone between two epiphyses |
|
Methaphysis |
A flared area adjacent to the epiphysis |
|
Epiphyseal cartillage/disk |
A layer of hyaline cartillage within the methaphysis of an immature bone that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis |
|
Epiphyseal cartilage |
The area where bone can lenghten |
|
Articular cartillage |
A thin layer if hyaline cartillage that covers the articular surface of the bone |
|
Periosteum |
A fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the bone except where articular cartilage is located |
|
Endosteum |
A fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity |
|
Osteoblast |
Bone producing cells |
|
Osteoclast |
Bone destroying cells |
|
Osteocytes |
Maintains bone tissue |
|
Osteocytes |
Maintains bone tissue |
|
Osteogenic cells |
Stem cell |
|
Long bones |
Greater in one dimension than any other. Fucntion chiefly as levers and aid in support, locomotion and prehension |
|
Short bone |
Cuboid, or approximately equal in all dimensions. Interior is composed of spongy bones filled with marrow spaces. Absorbs concussion and they are found in complex joints |
|
Flat bones |
Relatively thin and are expanded in two dimensions. Chiefly for protection of vital organs |
|
Diploe |
Spongy material that separates the lamina externa from interna |
|
Sesamoid bone |
Have a resemblance to sesame seed. Reduce friction, increase leverage, or change the direction of pull |
|
Pneumatic bone |
Contains air spaces or sinuses that communicates with the atmosphere |
|
Diploe |
Spongy material that separates the lamina externa from interna |
|
Sesamoid bone |
Have a resemblance to sesame seed. Reduce friction, increase leverage, or change the direction of pull |
|
Irregular bones |
Unpaired bones on the median plane. Protection, support, and muscular attachment |
|
Long bone |
Femur Tibia Fibula Metatarsals Humerus Ulna Radius Metacarpals Phalanges |
|
Short bone |
Carpals Tarsals |
|
Flat bones |
Sternum Ribs Scapulae Cranial bone |
|
Irregular bone |
Vertebrae Facial bone |
|
Sesamoid |
Patellae |
|
Cranial part of the skull |
Cranium Frontal bone Temporal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone |
|
Frontal bone |
Have cornual process except in polled animals |
|
Temporal bone |
Contains the middle and inner ear |
|
Sphenoid bone |
Supports the brain and the pituitary gland |
|
Ethmoid bone |
Presents numerous opening for passage of olfactory nerves( sense pf smell) |
|
Facial part |
Orbit Nasal Oral |
|
Orbit |
Denotes the bony socket from the eye. Surrounded by portions of frontal, lacrimal, and zygomatic boens |
|
Nasal |
Bounded dorsally by the nasal bones, laterally by the maxillae and incisive, and ventrally by the palatine process of the maxillae |
|
Oral |
Roofed by the maxillae and incisive bones and by the palatine bone, ventrolaterally by the mandible |
|
Maxillae and incisive bone |
Contains the teeth of the upper dental arcade |
|
Mandible |
Contains all the lower teeth, and gives attachment to sime of the muscles associated with chewing and swallowing |
|
Axial skeleton |
Skull Vertebrae Sternum |
|
Cervical vertebrae |
Have well developed artucular processes to accommodate the large range of motion of the neck |
|
Atlas |
First cervical vertebrae |
|
Axis |
Second cervical vertebrae |
|
Thoracic vertebrae |
Characterized by well developed spinous processes and articular facets for the ribs |
|
Lumbar |
Have large, transverse processes that peoject laterad |
|
Sacral vertebrae |
Are fused to form a single wedge shaped bone, the sacrum |
|
Caudal vertebrae |
Forms the bony basis for the tai |
|
Sternum |
Forms the ventrum of the bony thorax and gives attachment to the costal cartillages of the ribs as well as providing origin for the pectoral muscles |
|
Manubrium |
Cranial extremity of the sternum |
|
Body |
Middle portion of tge sternum |
|
Xiphoid process |
Caudal extremity |
|
Ribs |
Form the lateral walas of the bony thorax |
|
Scapula(shoulder blades) |
In all animals is a relatively flat irregular bone. Birds and primate have clavicle(collarbone) |
|
Humerus |
Arm bone |
|
Tibia and fibula |
Bones of a true leg(crus) |
|
Tarsus( hock) |
Composed of mutiple small bones; correaponds ti human ankle |
|
Os rostri |
Rostral bone in te swine, the soft tissue in the external nares |
|
Os cordis |
Cardiac skeleton in bovine; around the origin of the aorta and pulmunary artery at the base of the heart |
|
Os penis |
Penile bone (baculun or os priapi) in the canine family; also in gorilla and chimpanzee; located above the male urethra, and it aids in sexual reproduction by maintaining sufficient stiffness during sexual penetration |
|
Radius and ulna |
In mamals radius is larger than the two, in birds it is smaller than the ulna, fused in equine and bovine, nit fused in dogs and cats |
|
Carpus |
Composed of two rows of small bones |
|
Metacarpus |
Is immediately distal to the carpus. Single large bonw in horse, while fused 3rd and 4th metacarpal bons in ox and sheep and called cannon bone; pig has 4 |
|
Digits |
Number 1-5 depending on the species |
|
Long pastern bone |
Proximal phalanx of horse |
|
Short pastern bone |
Middle phalanx of horse |
|
Coffin bone |
Distal phalanx of horse |
|
Pelvis |
Consists of a circle of bones comprises three bones ( ilium, schium, and pubis) which are fused to form os coxae or pelvic bone |
|
Femur( thigh bone) |
Extends from the coxofemoral ( hip) joint to the stiffle ( joint corresponding to tge human knee) |