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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where and when was Napoloen born?
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Corsica in 1769
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Give summary/timline of Napoleon's biggest achievements.
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military school in France --> 1793 joined French Revolutionary forces --> with talent and brilliant tactics, forces Austria to seek peace --> in war w/ Britain invades Egypt to weaken British Mediterranean power but fails
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How did Napoleon come to power in France?
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he was sent to invade England --> went to Egypt to weaken the British in the mediterranean --> failed --> hurries back home to take advantage of the situation --> talks to Sieyes and Napoleon's brother --> Coup d'etat de Bumaire 1799 --> the Consulate
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What was the Coup d'etat de Fructidor? When?
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-September 1797
-Napoleon takes out two directors and annuls the March elections |
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What is the Consulate?
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a government strucuture with three consuls and Napoleon as First Consul (because of his sills and credibility)
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What were the Plebescites?
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election? well...
1801: "do you want Napoleon to be consul for life? yes or no" 1804: "do you want Napoleon to emperor for life? yes or no" |
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How did Napoleon keep everyone happy?
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-meritocracy
-allowed emigres back |
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How was the Napoleonic Empire organized?
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Napoleonic Domain
-Grand Empire = French Empire + dependant states -Allied States = Three Great Powers (Prussia, Russia, Austira) + Denmark + Sweden |
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How was the French Empire governed?
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departmental prefects
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How was Napoleon's family involved with his rule?
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the Corsican clan became the Bonaparte dynasty
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What was the pattern of Napoleon's conquests throughout Europe?
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military conquest and occupation of French troops --> native sattelite government with constitution --> internal reform and reorganization
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What characterized Napoleon as a reformer?
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-"liberal" system
-"constitutions": laws clearly mapped out -Civil Codes - rationalistic, universalist outlook of Enlightenment: all people want pretty much the same thing |
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Where did Napoleon get his support?
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-commercial and professional men: equality with nobiltiy, better trade and exchange of ideas, national bank,
-pro-Napoleon in most of Grand Empire -advantages of French Revolution without the violence -poor: low food prices, got to keep land (that had been chruch land before the revolution), more trade means more jobs - |
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What didn't the dependant states like about Napoleon's rule?
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-Napoleon's armies
-having to supply money and soldiers to keep taxes low in France |
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What did the Concordat of 1801 say? Why was it important?
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the government would appoint clergy and pay salaries, Chursh could refuse of confirm, Church would give up land lost in Revolution
-90% of France is Catholic |
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What is the Continental System?
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France is trying to make a trading system of all of Europe
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What was the Berlin Decree of 1806?
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France says no British goods can come into Europe
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What was the Milan Decree of 1807?
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France says any ships that have been stopped by Great Britian will be confiscated
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What was the point of all of the decrees between Francea and Great Britain?
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they were trying to weakend each others trading
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Why did the Continental System fail?
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-people didn't want to go without stuff
-ports were devestated -there were more roads for land trading -economic stagnation b/c Easten Europe can't get goods -British trade more with the Americas |
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Why did Napoleon fail?
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-too egocentrical: couldn't convince people that he was working for them, felt they were a tool against Great Britain
-too much military use: plundering -nationalism -opposite of meritocracy by putting family in power - |
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What was the Treay of Tilsit?
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Russia became part of the Continental System
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What does Russia do relative to the Treaty of Tilist? And how does Napoleon respond?
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Napoleon marches to Moscow when Alexander I backs out of the treaty
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Why does Napoleon lose to the Russians?
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-he didn't bring supplies and Russians used Fabian tactics: burned everything in his path
-they could just keep backing up to the Pacific |
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What is the significance of Napoleon's defeat?
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He was defeated. He is then made king of the island of Elbe with 10,000 men
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Who was J.G. Herder?
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-a pastor/theologian
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What did Herder believe?
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-German ways should be respected
-true culture from native roots -Volksgeist: spirit of the folk -"the futuer looks different for each people": no superiority - |
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What did Fichte believe?
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-same as Herder, but Germans superior
-tried to unite Germans |
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What is Nationalism?
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kind of patriotic feeling based on language group..
..as well as culture, religion, history |
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What caused Nationalism?
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-resentment towards France
-frustrating political divisions -potentil of nation-state -ideas of Herder and Fichte |
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What did Nationalism cause?
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-Germany
-Tugengund: virture for fatherland -Vater Jahn: fitness and exercise for country -Burschenschaften: fraternites for a united Germany |
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What were the biggest outcome of the Congress of Vienna?
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-the restoration of monarchies
-peace between great powers until 1850's |
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What did Herder write?
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Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of Man
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What did Fichte wirte?
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Addresses to the German Nation
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What philosphy followed the Englightenment?
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Romanticism
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