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681 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What was the title for the head of the house?
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Pater familias
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What was the power of the pater familias over himself?
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Sui Iuris
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What was the power of the pater familias over his wife?
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Manus
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What was the power of the pater familias over his descendants?
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Patria potestas
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What was the power of the pater familias over his slaves?
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Dominica potestas
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What was the formal term for the freeing of a son from his family?
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Emancipatio
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What was the title of the guardian of an underaged child, often bestowed upon elder siblings?
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Tutor
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What part of the name indicated the gens?
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Nomen
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What were the religious services of the gens called?
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Sacra gentilicia
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What were the members of the gens called?
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Gentiles
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What was the term for a group of members of a gens sharing the same cognomen?
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Stirps
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What was the closest tie of relationship for Romans, that of shared male ancestry?
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Agnotio
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What was the term for a blood relationship?
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Cognotio
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Marriages could not be held by family members of what degree cognates?
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6th, later 4th
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What was the term for people connected only by marriage?
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Adfines
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What was the term for a son in law?
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Gener
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What was the term for a daughter in law?
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Nurus
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What was the term for a father in law?
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Socer
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What was the term for a mother in law?
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Socrus
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What was the term for a step child?
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Privignus, privigna
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What was the term for a step father?
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Vitricus
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What was the term for a step mother?
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Noverca
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What was the term for a special relationship shared by two women who married brothers?
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Ianitrices
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What was the term for an uncle?
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Avunculus
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What was the term for an aunt?
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Amita
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What was the term for a cousin?
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Patruelis
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What were household religious rituals called?
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Sacra familiaria
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What was the adoption of a filius familias called?
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Adoptio
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What was the formal process by which a family was adopted in order to prevent the extermination of another family?
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Adrogatio
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Which part of the name indicated the gens?
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Nomen
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Which part of the name indicated the individual?
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Praenomen
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What praenomen was abbreviated A?
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Aulus
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What praenomen was abbreviated App?
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Appius
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What praenomen was abbreviated D?
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Decimus
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What praenomen was abbreviated C?
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Gaius
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What praenomen was abbreviated Cn?
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Gnaeus
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What praenomen was abbreviated K?
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Kaeso
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What praenomen was abbreviated L?
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Lucius
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What praenomen was abbreviated M' ?
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Manius
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What praenomen was abbreviated M?
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Marcus
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What praenomen was abbreviated Mam?
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Mamercus
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What praenomen was abbreviated N?
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Numerius
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What praenomen was abbreviated Q?
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Quintus
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What praenomen was abbreviated Ser?
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Servius
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What praenomen was abbreviated S?
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Spurius
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What praenomen was abbreviated Sex?
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Sextus
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What praenomen was abbreviated T?
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Titus
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What praenomen was abbreviated Ti?
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Tiberius
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What is the etymological origin of names ending in -acus?
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Gallic
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What is the etymological origin of names ending in -na?
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Etruscan
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What is the etymological origin of names ending in -enus?
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Umbrian
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What part of the name was a title or a nickname?
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Agnomen
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What praenomen was abbreviated Pup?
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Pupus
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Under what circumstances was the name Pupus given to a child?
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The child died during primordia
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What was the traditional form of marriage for the patricians?
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Confarreatio
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What was the ancient form of marriage for plebeians that involved living together for one year?
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Usus
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What type of marriage involved a fictitious sale of the bride?
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Coemptio
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In what year was the marriage between plebeians and patricians legalized?
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445 BC
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What was the usual marriage ceremony that was used when one of the parties of a marriage was a plebeian?
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Coemptio
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How old were puberes?
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12 (girls) and 14 (boys)
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What was the term for a regular marriage?
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Iustae nuptiae
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What was the term for foreigners?
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Peregrini
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What was the term for the betrothal?
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Sponsalia
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What was the renunciation of marriage vows called?
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Renuntiare
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What was the term for a dowry?
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Dos
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What was the term for filial affection?
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Pietas
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What phrase described the joining of hands at a wedding ceremony?
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Dextranum iunctio
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What were the unlucky dates for marriages?
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Nonnes, Ides, Kalends, the days following the Nonnes/Ides/Kalends, all of May, the first half of June, August 24, October 5, November 8
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What did a bride dedicate to the Lares on the eve before her wedding?
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Her bulla, her toys, and her toga praetexta
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What garment was worn by the bride during the wedding?
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Tunica recta
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What tied the tunica recta at the waist?
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Nodus Herculaneus / Knot of Hercules
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What was the name of the flame-colored veil worn by a bride?
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Flammeum
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What was the term for ribbons used to tie the hair of a bride?
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Vittae
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What cake was used in a confarreatio?
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Farreum libum
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What was the name of the covered basket used in a wedding that contained offerings to the gods?
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Cumerus
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What was the term for the boy that carried the cumerus?
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Camillus
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What was a unique requirement of the Camillus?
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Both his mother and his father had to still be alive
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What verb means both "to marry" and "to veil one's self"?
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Nubere
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What congratulatory exclamation was used to wish luck upon the bride and groom?
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Feliciter
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What was the wedding feast called?
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Cena nuptialis
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What was the term for the wedding cake in the feast?
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Mustaceum
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What was the formal ceremony by which the bride was taken to her husband's house?
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Deductio
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What was the term for the marriage hymn?
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Hymenaeus
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What was the term for the wedding torch?
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Spina alba
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From what material was the spina alba constructed?
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White thorn
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What was the term that collectively described the coarse jests made by the crowd to the bride and groom?
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Versus Fescennini
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What was the second wedding feast called?
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Repotia
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What was a matron's dress called?
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Stola matronalis
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What festival celebrated mothers?
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Matronalia
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On what date did the Matronalia occur?
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March 1st
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What was the formal act of acknowledging one's child called?
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Susceptio
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What was the term for the first 8 days of a child's life?
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Primordia
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On what day was the praenomen given?
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The 8th day for girls, 9th day for boys
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What was the name of the day on which the praenomen was given?
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Dies lustricus
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What was the collective name given to toys that were eventually worn around the neck by children after the dies lustricus?
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Crepundia
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What were the half-moon shaped toys that were given to children on the dies lustricus?
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Lunulae
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What was the evil-eye called?
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Fascinatio
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What necklace made of gold was given to children on the dies lustricus?
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Bulla aurea
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What was the toga of manhood called?
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Toga virilis
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Later in life, what was a militaristic occasion upon which a man could wear his bulla?
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As a general during a triumph
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What was a slave nurse called?
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Nutrix
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What was the term for a cradle?
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Cunabula
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What took the place of a baby carriage?
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Lectica
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What was the term for a counting board?
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Abacus
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What was the term for an advanced teacher?
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Grammaticus
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What was the term applied to a narrative poem?
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Narratio
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What was the practice of public speaking called?
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Declamatio
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What was the term for a historical debate based on prepared arguments?
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Suasoria
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What were apprentices called?
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Tirones
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What was the term for an apprenticeship?
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Tirocinium fori
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What was the voluntary staff in attendance with a general referred to as?
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Cohors
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What was the shed-like attachment to a public building used for schooling?
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Pergula
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What was the term for an basic teacher?
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Litterator
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What was a donation to a teacher called?
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Honorarium
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What was the term for market days?
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Nundinae
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What type of slave attended a child on his way to school, during school, and home from school?
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Paedagogus
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At what age was the toga virilis typically assumed?
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Between ages 14 and 17
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What was the festival of manhood?
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Liberalia
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On what date did the Liberalia occur?
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March 17th
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What were the bulla aurea and the toga praetexta collectively known as?
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Insignia pueritae
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What was the term for the toga of boyhood?
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Toga pura
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What were groups of ten slaves called?
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Decuriae
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What was the term for a spear?
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Hasta
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What were wholesale dealers of slaves called?
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Mangones
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What were slave "weddings" called?
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Contubernia
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What were slaves born into servitude called?
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Vernae
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What was the scroll hanging from the neck of an auctioned slave with a detailed description of the slave called?
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Titulus
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What was the term for the cap placed on the head of an auctioned slave with a detailed description of the slave called?
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Pilleus
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What were pimps called?
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Lenones
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What was the collective term for farm slaves?
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Familia rustica
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What was the collective term for slaves used for the master's personal service?
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Familia urbana
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What was a slave overseer called?
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Vilicus
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What was the term for a slave that served as a butler?
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Atriensis
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What was the term for a slave that was in charge of purchasing supplies?
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Procurator
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What type of slave was in charge of the master's accounts?
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Dispensator
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What type of slave was in charge of guarding the door?
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Ianitor
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What was the term for a barber?
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Tonsor
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What type of slave took care of a master's feet?
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Calceator
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What type of slave was a hairdresser?
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Ornatrix
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What type of slaves cleared a path ahead for the master?
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Anteambulones
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What type of slaves guided the master home after a dinner party?
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Adversitores
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What was the term for a slave's property?
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Peculium
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What was the term for a slave's slave?
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Vicarius
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What was the most common form of punishment for disobedient slaves?
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Beating
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Of what material were the rods made that were used to beat slaves?
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Elm
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What was a lash called?
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Scutica
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What was a cat-o'-nine-tales called?
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Flagellum
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What were escaped slaves known as?
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Fugitivi
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Upon capture, fugitives had what painful punishment applied to their foreheads?
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The letter F was burned into the forehead
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What was the term for a cross used for crucifixions?
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Crux
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What was a slave punisher called?
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Carnifex
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What was the term for a freedman?
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Libertus
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What were clients called?
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Cliens
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What were herds called?
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Peculia
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What was the meeting of clients by the patron called?
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Salutatio
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What was the term for a gift from a patron to a client?
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Sportula
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What were guests called?
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Hospites
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Who was the god that would punish aggression against guests?
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Iupiter Hospitalis
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What were tokens exchanged by mutual hospites called?
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Tesserae hospitales
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What was a single household called
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Domus
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What were apartments called?
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Insulae
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What was the hole in the ceiling of the atrium called?
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Compluvium
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What was the basin in the floor of the atrium called?
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Impluvium
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What room was the study?
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Tablinum
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What rooms were off to the side of the atrium?
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Alae
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What was a courtyard in the center of a house called?
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Perystilium
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What was the term for a large house with rooms being rented out to tenants?
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Insula
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What was the term for the courtyard between the house and the street?
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Vestibulum
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What was the collective term for the door and doorway?
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Ostium
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What was the term for the door itself?
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Ianua
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What was the term for the threshold of the door?
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Limen
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What were curtains called?
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Vela
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What were used as doors for interior rooms in the house?
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Curtains
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What type of atrium had a roof supported by two pairs of right angled beams?
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Tuscan atrium
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What type of atrium was supported by four columns?
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Tetrastylon
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What type of atrium was supported by many columns?
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Corinthian atrium
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What type of atrium had a roof that sloped down to the outer walls?
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Displuviatum
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What type of atrium had no impluvium or compluvium?
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Testudinatum
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What were the wax busts of ancestors called?
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Imagines
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What was the term for a strongbox?
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Arca
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What room was the household bathroom?
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Latrina
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What were bedrooms called?
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Cubicula
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What was the library called?
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Bibliotheca
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What was the private chapel in the house called?
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Sacrarium
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Where were the Lares housed?
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Lararium
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In what room was the Lararium?
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Atrium
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What were reception rooms called?
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Oeci
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What type of rooms had permanent seating for lectures?
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Exedrae
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What were the slaves' quarters called?
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Cellae servorum
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What was a formal garden called?
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Xystus
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What type of wall was made of large stone squares laid horizontally?
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Opus quadratum
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What type of wall had a concrete core with a brick or tile facing?
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Opus Testaecum
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What was the term for the wall-building materials stone and unburned bricks?
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Latres crudi
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What was the term for waterproof lining for cisterns?
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Opus signinum
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What was the term for an irregular wall?
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Opus incertim
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What type of brick wall resembled netting?
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Opus Reticulatum
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What was cement work called?
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Caementicum
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What was the term for volcanic ashes?
|
Lapis puteolanus
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What was the floor called?
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Pavimentum
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What was the term for a heavy rammer used for pounding?
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Fistuca
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What were roofs called?
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Tecta
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What type of roof tiles had flanges?
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Tegulae
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What type of roof tiles did not have flanges?
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Imbrices
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What was the door lintel called?
|
Limen superum
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What were double doors called?
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Fores
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What was the back door called?
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Posticum
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What were door bolts called?
|
Pessuli
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What were door bars called?
|
Serae
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What were windows called?
|
Fenestrae
|
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What were hot boxes or heaters called?
|
Foculi
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What were rectangular decorative wall panels called?
|
Abaci
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What was the term for a decorative ceiling panel?
|
Lacus
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What was the term for a couch?
|
Lectus
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What was the term for a stool?
|
Sella
|
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What kind of seat was a bench?
|
Subsellium
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What type of seat was a special chair for magistrates that could fold up?
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Sella curulis
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Of what material were the legs of the sella curulis made?
|
Ivory or gold
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|
What type of chair had a curved back?
|
Cathedra
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What type of chair was high-backed with arms and was used by a patron during salutatio?
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Solium
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What type of table had only one leg?
|
Monopodium
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What type of table had three legs?
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Mensa delphica
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What tyoe if table was rectangular and had a raised rim?
|
Abacus
|
|
What were lamps called?
|
Lucernae
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What was the term for a candle stand?
|
Candelabra
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What were candles called?
|
Candelae
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What were torches called?
|
Faces
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What was a sun dial called?
|
Solarium
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|
What was a water clock called?
|
Clepsydra
|
|
What were stepping stones in the street called?
|
Pondera
|
|
What was the term for the classification of undergarments?
|
Indutus
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What was the term for the classification of outer garments?
|
Amictus
|
|
What was the term for a loin cloth?
|
Subligaculum
|
|
What type of tunic had sleeves reaching to the wrists?
|
Tunica manicatae
|
|
What type of tunic fell to the ankles?
|
Tunica talares
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What was the term for a knight's tunic?
|
Angusticlavia
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What was the term for a senator's tunic?
|
Laticlavia
|
|
What was wooden cloth called?
|
Fasciae
|
|
What was the term for cloth worn around the low leg?
|
Tibialia
|
|
What was the term for cloth worn around the upper leg?
|
Feminalia
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What was the term for cloth worn around the torso?
|
Ventralia
|
|
What was the term for cloth worn around the throat?
|
Focalia
|
|
What were pants worn by the Gauls called?
|
Braccae
|
|
Where was the toga worn?
|
In public
|
|
What was the term for the part of the toga that crossed over the chest and was used as a pocket?
|
Sinis
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|
What type of slave was in charge of the master's toga?
|
Vestiplicus
|
|
What was the term for the way of wearing a toga such that the back was wrapped over the head and the folds were tied close to the body?
|
Cinctus Gabinus
|
|
What type of toga was very white and was worn by those seeking office?
|
Toga candida
|
|
What were people running for office called?
|
Candidati
|
|
What type of toga was purple with gold embroidery?
|
Toga picta
|
|
What type of toga was worn by a triumphator?
|
Toga picta
|
|
What type of toga was worn by those in mourning?
|
Toga pulla
|
|
Magistrates wore what type of toga while in mourning?
|
Toga pura
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|
What were people in mourning collectively called?
|
Sordidati
|
|
What was the term for a mantle, often worn by soldiers and those of lower classes?
|
Lacerna
|
|
What was a hood called?
|
Cucullus
|
|
What was a military cloak called?
|
Trabea, sagum
|
|
What was a heavy poncho called?
|
Paenula
|
|
What were closed garments collectively called?
|
Vestimenta clausa
|
|
What was dinner dress worn over a tunic called?
|
Synthesis, vestis cenatoria
|
|
What were heavy woolen cloaks called?
|
Laena, abolla
|
|
What type of heavy cloak was favored by the poor?
|
Abolla
|
|
What was the term for a bath robe?
|
Endormis
|
|
What were slippers called?
|
Soleae
|
|
What was a senatorial shoe called?
|
Calceus senatorius
|
|
What was the term for a red shoe worn by patricians and curule magistrates?
|
Mulleus
|
|
What was the term for the crescent-shaped ornament worn on the mulleus?
|
Lunula
|
|
What were half-boots called?
|
Caligae
|
|
Under what emperor did full beards become fashionable?
|
Hadrian
|
|
Of what material were rings made?
|
Iron or gold
|
|
Where on he hand was the ring worn?
|
On the joint of the fourth (ring) finger
|
|
What was the term for a bra?
|
Mamillare
|
|
What was the term for a sash-like band of leather worn over the stolla?
|
Strophium
|
|
What was a standard dress called?
|
Stolla
|
|
What was the term for a girdle worn around the hips?
|
Zona
|
|
What was the term for the wide border sewn to the bottom of the stolla?
|
Instita
|
|
What type of woman did not have an instita?
|
Unmarried woman
|
|
What was the term for a shawl-like wrap?
|
Palla
|
|
What was the term for a knot?
|
Nodus
|
|
What was the most fashionable hairstyle?
|
A knot of hair tied at the back of the neck
|
|
What was the term for a hair net?
|
Reticula
|
|
What were garlands called?
|
Coronae
|
|
What was a parasol called?
|
Umbella
|
|
What was a fan called?
|
Flabellum
|
|
What were handkerchiefs called?
|
Sudaria
|
|
What type of precious stone was the most valued?
|
Pearl
|
|
What was silk called?
|
Vestes sericae
|
|
What was the term collectively applied to linen and cotton?
|
Carbasus
|
|
What was the term for the trumpet-shell from which purple dye came?
|
Murex
|
|
What were fullers or clothing cleaners called?
|
Fullones
|
|
What was the term for a peach?
|
Malum Persicum
|
|
What was the term for an apricot?
|
Malum Armeniacum
|
|
What was the term for a pomegranate?
|
Granatum
|
|
What was the term for a cherry?
|
Cerasus
|
|
What was the term for a lemon?
|
Citrus
|
|
What were the heart, liver, and lungs of an ox collectively known as?
|
Exta
|
|
What was a pig called?
|
Sus, porcus
|
|
What was the term for a bean?
|
Faba
|
|
What was the term for a chick-pea?
|
Cicer
|
|
What was the term for an onion?
|
Caepe
|
|
For what festival were a pig, bull, and sheep sacrificed?
|
Suovetaurilia
|
|
What was the term for a dormouse?
|
Glis
|
|
What was the term for a special dish made of salt fish, eggs, and cheese?
|
Tyrotarichus
|
|
What was the term for the type of fish called a mullet?
|
Mullus
|
|
What was the term for the type of fish called a turbot?
|
Rhombus
|
|
What was the term for oysters?
|
Ostreae
|
|
what was grain called?
|
Frumentum
|
|
What was the term for spelt, the grain used in the sacrificial cakes of the confarreate ceremony?
|
Far
|
|
What was porridge called?
|
Puls
|
|
What were bakers called?
|
Pistores
|
|
What was a mill called?
|
Mola
|
|
What was the term for the lower mill stone?
|
Meta
|
|
What was the term for the upper mill stone?
|
Catillus
|
|
What were guilds called?
|
Collegia
|
|
What type of bread, made from white flour, was considered to be the best or highest quality?
|
Panis siligneus
|
|
What type of bread, made from coarse flour, was considered the lowest quality bread?
|
Panis sordidus
|
|
What was the preparation of fruit called?
|
Epitryum
|
|
What was the dark or bitter olive juice used for fertilizer called?
|
Amurca
|
|
What was the term for olive oil?
|
Oleum
|
|
What was the term for the receptacle that collected olive oil?
|
Labrum fictile
|
|
What vineyard produced Augustus' favorite wine?
|
Ager Caecubus
|
|
What vineyard produced the most famous wine?
|
Ager Falernus
|
|
What festival celebrated vineyards and wine?
|
Vinalia Rustica
|
|
When was the Vinalia Rustica celebrated?
|
August 19th
|
|
What were large vat-like jars for fermenting the grape juice into wine called?
|
Dolia
|
|
What was grape jelly called?
|
Defrutum
|
|
What were wine cellars called?
|
Vinariae cellae
|
|
What was vinegar called?
|
Acetum
|
|
What was the special term given to tasteless vinegar?
|
Vappa
|
|
What were wine jugs called?
|
Amphorae
|
|
What was honeyed wine called?
|
Mulsum
|
|
What was honeyed water called?
|
Mulsa
|
|
What was the chief meal of the day?
|
Cena
|
|
What was the term for breakfast?
|
Ientaculum
|
|
What was the term for lunch?
|
Prandium
|
|
What was the term for dinner?
|
Cena
|
|
What was the term for supper?
|
Vesperna
|
|
What was the term for a dinner couch?
|
Lectica triclinaris
|
|
What were uninvited guests called?
|
Umbrae
|
|
Which couch was on the left of the table?
|
Lectus summus
|
|
Which couch was in the middle?
|
Lectus medius
|
|
Which couch was on the left?
|
Lectus imus
|
|
On which of the couches did the host family reside?
|
Lectus imus
|
|
What were the names of the three places on each couch?
|
Locus summus, locus medius, locus imus
|
|
Which spot on the lectus medius was the highest seat of honor?
|
Locus consularis
|
|
What was the term for the appetizer?
|
Gustus
|
|
What was the term for desert?
|
Secunda mensa
|
|
What was a single course called?
|
Una mensa
|
|
When a banquet was held earlier in the day, what was it called?
|
Tempestiva convivia
|
|
What was the term for a tray?
|
Ferculum
|
|
What was the term for a wine supper following the cena?
|
Comissatio
|
|
What were garlands worn during the drinking parties called?
|
Coronae convivales
|
|
What were drinking rules at a party collectively called?
|
Leges insanae
|
|
What was the term for a large bowl for mixing wine and water?
|
Crater
|
|
What were goblets called?
|
Pocula
|
|
What was a ladle called?
|
Cyathus
|
|
What were balls filled with air called?
|
Folles
|
|
What game was played by three people in triangular formation?
|
Trigon
|
|
What were knuckle bones used in gambling called?
|
Tali
|
|
How many "sides" did tali have?
|
4
|
|
How many tali were used at a time?
|
4
|
|
What was a dice box called?
|
Fritillus
|
|
What was the lowest throw in dice?
|
The Vulture
|
|
What was the highest throw in dice?
|
The Venus
|
|
What was the term used to describe a master of revels?
|
Magister bibendi
|
|
What were six-sided dice called?
|
Tesserae
|
|
How many tesserae were thrown at a time?
|
3
|
|
What were the ludi scenici?
|
Theatrical entertainment
|
|
What were the ludi circenses?
|
Chariot races
|
|
What were the munera gladiatoria?
|
Gladiator shows
|
|
What was the term for theatrical comedies?
|
Comoediae
|
|
What was the term for theatrical tragedies?
|
Tragoediae
|
|
What was the term for theatrical farces?
|
Mimi
|
|
What was the term for theatrical pantomimes?
|
Pantomimi
|
|
What was the term for a recognized play manager?
|
Dominus gregis
|
|
What was an acting troupe called?
|
Grex
|
|
What were props called?
|
Ornamenta
|
|
When was the first temporary theater constructed in Rome?
|
145 BC
|
|
What was the front of the stage called?
|
Proscaenium
|
|
What was the acting stage called?
|
Scaena
|
|
What was the spectator seating sections in a theater called?
|
Cavea
|
|
Where did senators sit in the seating area?
|
Orchestra
|
|
What were seating sections in a theater called?
|
Cunei
|
|
When was the Theater of Marcellus built?
|
13 BC
|
|
What were awnings in a theater called?
|
Vela
|
|
What were the three circuses in Rome?
|
Circus Maximus, Circus Flamininus, Circus of Gaius and Nero
|
|
What are the other three circuses near Rome?
|
Circus of the Arval Brethren, Circus Maxentius, Circus at Bovillae
|
|
What was the race course of the circus called?
|
Arena
|
|
What was the gate a victor left through at the end of a chariot race called?
|
Porta triumphalis
|
|
What were the starting stations for chariots?
|
Carceres
|
|
What gate divided the starting stations into two sections?
|
Porta pompae
|
|
What was the exterior tower at a circus called?
|
Oppidum
|
|
What was the divider in the middle of the circus called?
|
Spina
|
|
What were the middle points of a race called?
|
Metae
|
|
What was one lap called?
|
Curriculum, spatium
|
|
What were all the laps in a race collectively called?
|
Missus
|
|
How many laps composed a typical race?
|
7
|
|
What was the middle pillar near the porta triumphalis called?
|
Meta prima
|
|
What was the chalk finish line called?
|
Calx
|
|
What was the starting line called?
|
Linea alba
|
|
What was the title of the chief official of the games?
|
Dator ludorum
|
|
What were the egg markers that counted down the number of laps in a race called?
|
Ovae
|
|
What was the marble platform running around the interior of the circus called?
|
Podium
|
|
What were rows of seating in the circus called?
|
Gradus
|
|
What were racing syndicates called?
|
Factiones
|
|
What were the colors of the factions?
|
Red, White, Blue, Green
|
|
What were the Latin names for the factiones?
|
Russata, Albina, Veneta, Prasina
|
|
Under which emperor were the colors purple and gold added to the factiones?
|
Domitian
|
|
What was a two horse chariot called?
|
Biga
|
|
What was a three horse chariot called?
|
Triga
|
|
What was a four horse chariot called?
|
Quadriga
|
|
What were six horse chariots called?
|
Seiuges
|
|
What were seven horse chariots called?
|
Septeiuges
|
|
Which horse on a quadriga was the most important?
|
The extreme left horse
|
|
What was the title given to a horse that had won 100 races?
|
Centenarius
|
|
What was the title given to a horse that had won 200 races?
|
Ducenarius
|
|
What were charioteers called?
|
Agitatores, aurigae
|
|
What profession rode two horses and leaped between them?
|
Desultores
|
|
What type of gladiator fought with a net and a trident?
|
Retiarius
|
|
What type of gladiator wore a helmet with a fish crest?
|
Murmillo
|
|
What was the term for the fish crest on the helmet of the murmillo?
|
Mormyr
|
|
What type of gladiator was heavily armored, wielded a sword, and wore armor on his arm?
|
Samnite
|
|
What type of gladiator fought with a curved sword and a small shield?
|
Thracian
|
|
What type of gladiator fought blindly?
|
Andabata
|
|
What type of gladiator fought from a chariot?
|
Essedarius
|
|
What type of gladiator fought against animals?
|
Bestiarius
|
|
What type of gladiator fought with two swords?
|
Dimachaerus
|
|
What type of gladiator fought with a lasso?
|
Loqueator
|
|
What was a novice gladiator called?
|
Tiro
|
|
What was a spared gladiator called?
|
Missus
|
|
What were volunteer gladiators called?
|
Auctorati
|
|
What were gladiator trainers called?
|
Doctores
|
|
What was the top gladiator of a school called?
|
Palus primus
|
|
What was the second best gladiator of a school called?
|
Palus secundus
|
|
What was an owner of gladiators called?
|
Lanista
|
|
What were gladiator schools called?
|
Ludi gladiatorii
|
|
What was the special food prepared for gladiators called?
|
Sagina gladiatoria
|
|
What were wooden swords used for sparing called?
|
Rudes
|
|
What was presented to a gladiator upon being freed?
|
Rudus
|
|
What were gladiators associated with a particular school collectively called?
|
Familia
|
|
What was the lowest section of seating in the Coliseum called?
|
Cavea ima
|
|
What was the middle section of seating in the Coliseum called?
|
Cavea media
|
|
What was the highest section of seating in the Coliseum called?
|
Cavea summa
|
|
What were the sections of seating collectively known as?
|
Maeniana
|
|
What was the gate in the Coliseum through which dead bodies were dragged?
|
Porta libitinensis
|
|
What were the seats of honor at a gladiator show called?
|
Bisellia
|
|
What was the floor of the lowest section of seating called?
|
Podium
|
|
What was the armor worn on the arm of a Samnite called?
|
Manica
|
|
What was a large shield called?
|
Scutum
|
|
What was a small shield called?
|
Parma
|
|
What was the name of the dinner given to a gladiator the night before his combat?
|
Cena libera
|
|
What was the term for the sham fighting with wooden swords before the main gladiator show?
|
Prolusio
|
|
Who was in charge of the gladiators in the arena?
|
Editor muneris
|
|
What was a fight to the death called?
|
Sine missione
|
|
What were animal hunts in an amphitheater called?
|
Venationes
|
|
What were naval battles in an amphitheater called?
|
Naumachiae
|
|
At whose funeral did the first public gladiator show occur?
|
Brutus Pera
|
|
In what year were the first gladiatorial games held?
|
264 BC
|
|
During what month were aediles instructed by Domitian to hold gladiator games?
|
December
|
|
What was a gladiator combat in groups called?
|
Gregatim
|
|
What was the opening procession in the games called?
|
Pompa circensis
|
|
What were litters carrying priests called?
|
Ferculae
|
|
What room in a bathhouse was the locker room?
|
Apodyterium
|
|
What room in a bathhouse was the warm room?
|
Tepidarium
|
|
What room in a bathhouse was the hot room?
|
Caldarium
|
|
What room in a bathhouse was the cold room?
|
Frigidarium
|
|
What room in a bathhouse was the rub down and oil room?
|
Unctorium
|
|
What was an exercise yard for boxers and wrestlers and boxers called?
|
Palaestra
|
|
What was a general training yard called?
|
Gynasium
|
|
What was the term for the tool used to scrape oil from the body?
|
Strigil
|
|
What was the heating system in the bathhouse called?
|
Hypocaust
|
|
What was a swimming pool called?
|
Natatio, piscina
|
|
What was the term for a tank of hot water where a bath was taken?
|
Alveus
|
|
What was the floor of the bathhouse called?
|
Suspensura
|
|
What was the metal heater that held water from the furnace for the alveus called?
|
Testudo
|
|
What was the term for a tank containing cool water for a shower called?
|
Labrum
|
|
What type of slave brought a towel and strigil for his master?
|
Capsarius
|
|
What was a bathhouse called?
|
Balneum
|
|
What was the term for an owner of a bathhouse?
|
Conductor
|
|
What was the term for the fee required to enter the bathhouse?
|
Balneaticum
|
|
What was the nominal fee charged for entering the baths?
|
Quadrans
|
|
What festival was special for its tradition of gambling?
|
Saturnalia
|
|
What determined the color of an auriga's tunic?
|
The faction he belong to
|
|
Where did the pompa circensis begin?
|
The Capitol
|
|
Off of what road was the Circus of the Arval Brethren located?
|
Via Portuensis
|
|
What emperor forbade fights to the death?
|
Augustus
|
|
What was the term for the three-pronged spear used by a retiarius?
|
Fuscina
|
|
What was the term for the division between the sections of the maeniana?
|
Praecinctio
|
|
What was the term for the room where gladiators waited before combat?
|
Exedra
|
|
Who built the first permanent amphitheatre in Rome?
|
Pompey
|
|
When was the first permanent amphitheatre built?
|
55 BC
|
|
Who built a partial stone amphitheatre in 29 BC?
|
Statilius Taurus
|
|
How would one travel to Greece from mainland Italy?
|
Brundisium to Dyrrachium
|
|
What was a transfer cart called?
|
Plaustrum
|
|
What was a sedan chair called?
|
Lectica
|
|
What was a modified sedan chair carried by mules rather than slaves called?
|
Basterna
|
|
What type of four-wheeled cart was covered and drawn by two horses?
|
Pilentum
|
|
What type of two-wheeled cart was covered and drawn by two horses?
|
Carpentum
|
|
According to Livy, in what kind of luxury cart did Tarquinius Priscus come to Rome?
|
Carpentum
|
|
What type of cart was used in triumphal processions for carrying spoils of war?
|
Petoritum
|
|
What type of vehicle was equipped with a reclining bed?
|
Caruca
|
|
What was a large and heavy two-wheeled traveling vehicle drawn by two or four horses called?
|
Reda
|
|
What type of two-wheeled cart was uncovered and was drawn by two horses and used for swift travel?
|
Cisium
|
|
What was the etymology of the names for carts?
|
Gallic
|
|
In what year was the Via Appia built?
|
312 BC
|
|
What phrase is used to mean "to build a road"?
|
Munire viam
|
|
What was the ditch dug prior to the construction of the road called?
|
Fossa
|
|
What was the foundation of coarse stones placed in the fossa called?
|
Statumen
|
|
What was the nine-inch layer of coarse concrete or rubble that lay on top of the statumen called?
|
Rudus
|
|
What was the six-inch layer of fine concrete which lay on top of the rudus called?
|
Nucleus
|
|
What was the top layer of road called, made of blocks of lava or hard stone?
|
Dorsum
|
|
In rural roads, what was substituted for the dorsum?
|
Glarea
|
|
What did the glarea consist of?
|
A thick layer of gravel
|
|
What were curbstones on a road called?
|
Umbones
|
|
What was a finished road called?
|
Agger viae
|
|
What did travelers call places of rest?
|
Deversoria
|
|
What were inns called?
|
Cauponae
|
|
What were caupones?
|
Innkeepers
|
|
What type of slaves were messengers?
|
Tabellarii
|
|
What was a second copy of a letter called?
|
Uno exemplo
|
|
What were secretaries called?
|
Librarii
|
|
What were writing tablets called?
|
Tabellae
|
|
What were wire hinges for connecting tablets called?
|
Codicilli
|
|
What was coarse paper made of?
|
Papyrus
|
|
In letter sealing, what was the wax called?
|
Cera
|
|
In letter sealing, what was the seal called?
|
Signum
|
|
In letter sealing, what was the sealing thread called?
|
Linum
|
|
What was paper called?
|
Schedae
|
|
What was a roll of paper called?
|
Volumen
|
|
What was a modern-day book called?
|
Codex
|
|
On what material was a codex written?
|
Membranum
|
|
What was the commercial unit for papyrus?
|
Scapus
|
|
What was a pen called?
|
Calamus
|
|
What was black ink called?
|
Atrimentum
|
|
What was sometimes used in lieu of black ink?
|
Cuttlefish liquid
|
|
What color was used for writing headings?
|
Red
|
|
What was the piece of wood glued to the second side of a volumen called?
|
Umbilicus
|
|
Polished with pumice and often painted black, what were the top and bottom of a volumen called?
|
Frontes
|
|
What were the knobs on an umbilicus called?
|
Cornua
|
|
What was the strip of parchment containing the scroll's title and author called?
|
Titulus
|
|
What was a bundle of volumen called?
|
Fascis
|
|
In what type of container was a fascis kept?
|
Capsa, armaria
|
|
What was the first library in Rome called?
|
Atrium Libertatis
|
|
Who built the Atrium Libertatis?
|
Asinius Pollio
|
|
Who founded the Bibliotheca Ulpia?
|
Trajan
|
|
What was the term for paper substance or pulp?
|
Charta
|
|
What was the term applied to footpaths around roads?
|
Margines
|
|
Into what two professions did nobles typically enter?
|
War and statecraft
|
|
What were judges called?
|
Praetores
|
|
What were jurors called?
|
Iudices
|
|
What were knights called?
|
Equites
|
|
What was the usual rate of money lending?
|
12%
|
|
At what rate did Marcus Brutus loan money?
|
48%
|
|
For how long was a soldier enlisted in the army?
|
20 years
|
|
What were magistratorial clerks called?
|
Scribae
|
|
What event entailed clients coming to pay respects to their patron?
|
Salutatio
|
|
What type of slave attended the patron and helped him remember the names of clients?
|
Nomenclator
|
|
What was the midday siesta known as?
|
Meridatio
|
|
How many hours were in the day?
|
12
|
|
What was the gift given to clients by the patron?
|
Sportula
|
|
What was the shortest day of the year?
|
December 23rd
|
|
What was the longest day of the year?
|
June 25th
|
|
What phrase was used to describe the performance of funeral services?
|
Iusta facere
|
|
What was an empty tomb called?
|
Cenotaphium
|
|
What was the most commonly buried bone when one was cremated?
|
A finger bone
|
|
What was the ancient burial place for the pater familias?
|
Underneath the hearthstone in the Atrium
|
|
What were grave pits called?
|
Puticuli
|
|
Where was the Potter's Field located?
|
The Esquiline
|
|
What was the building a body was buried in called?
|
Sepulcrum
|
|
What was the slightly elevated platform running around the interior of the sepulcrum called?
|
Podium
|
|
What were spirits of the departed called?
|
Manes
|
|
What were places for burning bodies called?
|
Ustrinae
|
|
What was the plot of land set aside for a tomb called?
|
Area
|
|
What was a granary called?
|
Horreum
|
|
What two types of flowers surrounded the tomb?
|
Violets and roses
|
|
What was the terrace at a tomb called?
|
Solarium
|
|
What were the two pools at the rear of the tomb called?
|
Piscinae
|
|
What was the thicket of shrubbery at the back of the funeral grounds called?
|
Harundinetum
|
|
What were family tombs or mass tombs filled with urns called?
|
Columbaria
|
|
What were the niches for the urns called?
|
Columbaria
|
|
What were the horizontal rows of niches called?
|
Gradus
|
|
What were the vertical rows of niches called?
|
Ordines
|
|
What were urns called?
|
Ollae
|
|
What was the marble label for each niche called?
|
Titulus
|
|
What were family groupings of niches called?
|
Aediculae
|
|
What were burial societies called?
|
Collegia funeratica, cultores
|
|
What were shares of the cost of a columbarium called?
|
Sortes viriles
|
|
What was an honorary member of a burial society called?
|
Patronus, patrona
|
|
What were columbarium trustees called?
|
Curatores
|
|
What were sections of niches called?
|
Loci
|
|
What was the burial of a small child called?
|
Funus acerbum
|
|
What was the funeral for someone of lower class called?
|
Funus plebeium
|
|
What was the formal act of the eldest son calling out the name of the deceased?
|
Conclamatio
|
|
What was a funeral couch called?
|
Lectus funbebris
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What were undertakers called?
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Libitinarii
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What special undertaker presided over the order and precedence of a funeral?
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Designator
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What room in the house housed the imagines?
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Alae
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What was a funeral oration called?
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Laudatio
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Where was a laudatio typically performed?
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The rostra
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What was the mound where a cremation had occurred known as?
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Tumulus
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A grave in which a body had been burned was called what?
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Bustum
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What was the pile of wood used to burn the body called?
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Rogus
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What was a ceremonial bone called?
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Os resectum
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What type of animal was sacrificed at a funeral?
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Pig
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What was the term for the food eaten by mourners at he end of a funeral?
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Silicernium
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What two things were done after nine days had passed since the funeral?
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Sacraficium novendiale, cena novendialis
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What festival in February was a public celebration of the dead?
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Parentalia
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What were the dates of Parentalia?
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February 13 - February 21
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What was the last day of Parentalia called?
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Feralia
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What festival at the end of March celebrated the birthday of the dead?
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Violaria
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What birthday at the end of May celebrated the burial of the dead?
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Rosaria
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What was the term for a tomb surrounded by a spacious area?
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Cepotaphium
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What praenomen is abbreviated P?
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Publius
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What praenomen is abbreviated V?
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Vibius or Vopiscus
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What was the term for a bride?
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Sponsa
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What was the term for the matron of honor at a wedding?
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Pronuba
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What was the term for the ceremonial wedding couch in the atrium?
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Lectus genialis
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What date was the first day of the school year?
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March 24
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What type of teacher taught literature?
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Rhetor
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At what age did males become eligible for military service?
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17
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What indicated that a slave was from a foreign land?
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White chalk on the feet
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What indicated that a slave was from the East?
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An earring
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What was the term for the punishment of slaves that involved tying a log to the back of the shoulders?
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Furcifer
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What was the term for the building superintendent of an apartment complex?
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Insularius
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What was a general's cape called?
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Paludamentum
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Where was the original terminus of the Via Appia?
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Capua
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How many minutes long was a Roman hour?
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45 - 75 minutes
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What were the time periods night was divided into called?
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Vigiliae
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How many vigiliae were there in a night?
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4
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What was the term for a man's guardian spirit?
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Genius
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What was the term for a woman's guardian spirit?
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Juno
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Where was the Temple of Aesculapius located in Rome?
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Tiber Island
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What was the term for a gardener that cut bushes into whimsical shapes?
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Topiarius
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What was fermented grape juice called?
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Mustum
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What room in the bathhouse was the sauna?
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Laconicum
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What were the largest baths in Rome?
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Baths of Diocletian
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What was the term for the starting cloth at the circus?
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Mappa
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What was the term for a gladiator who won his freedom through victory?
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Libertinus
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How many days each year were occupied by games of some sort?
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135 days
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What road stretched across northern Greece?
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Via Egnatia
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What major road went from Rome into northern Italy?
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Via Flaminia
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What festival celebrated the Bona Dea?
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The Festival of Bona Dea
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When was the festival of Bona Dea held?
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December 3rd
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When was Saturnalia held?
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December 17-23
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What festival honored Venus?
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The Festival of Venus Genetrix
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When was the Festival of Venus Genetrix held?
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September 26th
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What festival celebrated the opening of the Underworld?
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Festival of Luna
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When was the Festival of Luna celebrated?
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August 24th
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What festival was celebrated to appease the spirits of the household dead?
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Lemuria
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When was Lemuria celebrated?
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May 9th
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What festival celebrated Flora?
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Floralia
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When was Floralia celebrated?
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April 28-May 3
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What festival celebrated fertility?
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Lupercalia?
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When was Lupercalia celebrated?
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February 15th
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What was the term for the rod of manumission given to slaves upon being freed?
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Vindicta
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What college of priests was in charge of emperor worship?
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Augustales
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Who were the dancing priests of Mars?
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Salii
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What type of soothsayer interpreted the entrails of animals?
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Haruspex
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What type of soothsayer interpreted lightning?
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Fulgurator
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What was the oldest college of priests in Rome?
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Fratres Arvales / Arval Brethren
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What was the term for a general's tent?
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Praetorium
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What was the term for a leather breastplate?
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Lorica
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What were members of a town council called?
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Decuriones
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What was a cavalry squad of 30 men called?
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Turma
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Who was in charge of the grain supply?
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Praefectus annonae
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What was the term for the tribune's right to veto?
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Intercessio
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Who was the dictator's assistant?
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Magister equitum
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What committee elected minor offices?
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Comitia centuriata
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What committee elected major offices?
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Comitia tributa
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What magistrate was the city sheriff?
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Praetor urbanus
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What was the Greek name for Italy?
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Oenotria
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What was the great sewer in Rome?
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Cloaca Maxima
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What was the treasury building?
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Aerarium
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Where did the Pontifex Maximus reside?
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Regia
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What was country bread called?
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Panis rusticus
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What was army bread called?
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Panis castrensis
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Where was the arx located?
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Capitoline
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What were tax collectors called?
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Publicani
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What was the term for a surgeon?
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Chirurgus
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What was the term for a shoe-maker?
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Sutor
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What was a traveling hat called?
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Petasus
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What was the term for the folds of a toga that could be worn as a hood?
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Umbo
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