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681 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What was the title for the head of the house?
Pater familias
What was the power of the pater familias over himself?
Sui Iuris
What was the power of the pater familias over his wife?
Manus
What was the power of the pater familias over his descendants?
Patria potestas
What was the power of the pater familias over his slaves?
Dominica potestas
What was the formal term for the freeing of a son from his family?
Emancipatio
What was the title of the guardian of an underaged child, often bestowed upon elder siblings?
Tutor
What part of the name indicated the gens?
Nomen
What were the religious services of the gens called?
Sacra gentilicia
What were the members of the gens called?
Gentiles
What was the term for a group of members of a gens sharing the same cognomen?
Stirps
What was the closest tie of relationship for Romans, that of shared male ancestry?
Agnotio
What was the term for a blood relationship?
Cognotio
Marriages could not be held by family members of what degree cognates?
6th, later 4th
What was the term for people connected only by marriage?
Adfines
What was the term for a son in law?
Gener
What was the term for a daughter in law?
Nurus
What was the term for a father in law?
Socer
What was the term for a mother in law?
Socrus
What was the term for a step child?
Privignus, privigna
What was the term for a step father?
Vitricus
What was the term for a step mother?
Noverca
What was the term for a special relationship shared by two women who married brothers?
Ianitrices
What was the term for an uncle?
Avunculus
What was the term for an aunt?
Amita
What was the term for a cousin?
Patruelis
What were household religious rituals called?
Sacra familiaria
What was the adoption of a filius familias called?
Adoptio
What was the formal process by which a family was adopted in order to prevent the extermination of another family?
Adrogatio
Which part of the name indicated the gens?
Nomen
Which part of the name indicated the individual?
Praenomen
What praenomen was abbreviated A?
Aulus
What praenomen was abbreviated App?
Appius
What praenomen was abbreviated D?
Decimus
What praenomen was abbreviated C?
Gaius
What praenomen was abbreviated Cn?
Gnaeus
What praenomen was abbreviated K?
Kaeso
What praenomen was abbreviated L?
Lucius
What praenomen was abbreviated M' ?
Manius
What praenomen was abbreviated M?
Marcus
What praenomen was abbreviated Mam?
Mamercus
What praenomen was abbreviated N?
Numerius
What praenomen was abbreviated Q?
Quintus
What praenomen was abbreviated Ser?
Servius
What praenomen was abbreviated S?
Spurius
What praenomen was abbreviated Sex?
Sextus
What praenomen was abbreviated T?
Titus
What praenomen was abbreviated Ti?
Tiberius
What is the etymological origin of names ending in -acus?
Gallic
What is the etymological origin of names ending in -na?
Etruscan
What is the etymological origin of names ending in -enus?
Umbrian
What part of the name was a title or a nickname?
Agnomen
What praenomen was abbreviated Pup?
Pupus
Under what circumstances was the name Pupus given to a child?
The child died during primordia
What was the traditional form of marriage for the patricians?
Confarreatio
What was the ancient form of marriage for plebeians that involved living together for one year?
Usus
What type of marriage involved a fictitious sale of the bride?
Coemptio
In what year was the marriage between plebeians and patricians legalized?
445 BC
What was the usual marriage ceremony that was used when one of the parties of a marriage was a plebeian?
Coemptio
How old were puberes?
12 (girls) and 14 (boys)
What was the term for a regular marriage?
Iustae nuptiae
What was the term for foreigners?
Peregrini
What was the term for the betrothal?
Sponsalia
What was the renunciation of marriage vows called?
Renuntiare
What was the term for a dowry?
Dos
What was the term for filial affection?
Pietas
What phrase described the joining of hands at a wedding ceremony?
Dextranum iunctio
What were the unlucky dates for marriages?
Nonnes, Ides, Kalends, the days following the Nonnes/Ides/Kalends, all of May, the first half of June, August 24, October 5, November 8
What did a bride dedicate to the Lares on the eve before her wedding?
Her bulla, her toys, and her toga praetexta
What garment was worn by the bride during the wedding?
Tunica recta
What tied the tunica recta at the waist?
Nodus Herculaneus / Knot of Hercules
What was the name of the flame-colored veil worn by a bride?
Flammeum
What was the term for ribbons used to tie the hair of a bride?
Vittae
What cake was used in a confarreatio?
Farreum libum
What was the name of the covered basket used in a wedding that contained offerings to the gods?
Cumerus
What was the term for the boy that carried the cumerus?
Camillus
What was a unique requirement of the Camillus?
Both his mother and his father had to still be alive
What verb means both "to marry" and "to veil one's self"?
Nubere
What congratulatory exclamation was used to wish luck upon the bride and groom?
Feliciter
What was the wedding feast called?
Cena nuptialis
What was the term for the wedding cake in the feast?
Mustaceum
What was the formal ceremony by which the bride was taken to her husband's house?
Deductio
What was the term for the marriage hymn?
Hymenaeus
What was the term for the wedding torch?
Spina alba
From what material was the spina alba constructed?
White thorn
What was the term that collectively described the coarse jests made by the crowd to the bride and groom?
Versus Fescennini
What was the second wedding feast called?
Repotia
What was a matron's dress called?
Stola matronalis
What festival celebrated mothers?
Matronalia
On what date did the Matronalia occur?
March 1st
What was the formal act of acknowledging one's child called?
Susceptio
What was the term for the first 8 days of a child's life?
Primordia
On what day was the praenomen given?
The 8th day for girls, 9th day for boys
What was the name of the day on which the praenomen was given?
Dies lustricus
What was the collective name given to toys that were eventually worn around the neck by children after the dies lustricus?
Crepundia
What were the half-moon shaped toys that were given to children on the dies lustricus?
Lunulae
What was the evil-eye called?
Fascinatio
What necklace made of gold was given to children on the dies lustricus?
Bulla aurea
What was the toga of manhood called?
Toga virilis
Later in life, what was a militaristic occasion upon which a man could wear his bulla?
As a general during a triumph
What was a slave nurse called?
Nutrix
What was the term for a cradle?
Cunabula
What took the place of a baby carriage?
Lectica
What was the term for a counting board?
Abacus
What was the term for an advanced teacher?
Grammaticus
What was the term applied to a narrative poem?
Narratio
What was the practice of public speaking called?
Declamatio
What was the term for a historical debate based on prepared arguments?
Suasoria
What were apprentices called?
Tirones
What was the term for an apprenticeship?
Tirocinium fori
What was the voluntary staff in attendance with a general referred to as?
Cohors
What was the shed-like attachment to a public building used for schooling?
Pergula
What was the term for an basic teacher?
Litterator
What was a donation to a teacher called?
Honorarium
What was the term for market days?
Nundinae
What type of slave attended a child on his way to school, during school, and home from school?
Paedagogus
At what age was the toga virilis typically assumed?
Between ages 14 and 17
What was the festival of manhood?
Liberalia
On what date did the Liberalia occur?
March 17th
What were the bulla aurea and the toga praetexta collectively known as?
Insignia pueritae
What was the term for the toga of boyhood?
Toga pura
What were groups of ten slaves called?
Decuriae
What was the term for a spear?
Hasta
What were wholesale dealers of slaves called?
Mangones
What were slave "weddings" called?
Contubernia
What were slaves born into servitude called?
Vernae
What was the scroll hanging from the neck of an auctioned slave with a detailed description of the slave called?
Titulus
What was the term for the cap placed on the head of an auctioned slave with a detailed description of the slave called?
Pilleus
What were pimps called?
Lenones
What was the collective term for farm slaves?
Familia rustica
What was the collective term for slaves used for the master's personal service?
Familia urbana
What was a slave overseer called?
Vilicus
What was the term for a slave that served as a butler?
Atriensis
What was the term for a slave that was in charge of purchasing supplies?
Procurator
What type of slave was in charge of the master's accounts?
Dispensator
What type of slave was in charge of guarding the door?
Ianitor
What was the term for a barber?
Tonsor
What type of slave took care of a master's feet?
Calceator
What type of slave was a hairdresser?
Ornatrix
What type of slaves cleared a path ahead for the master?
Anteambulones
What type of slaves guided the master home after a dinner party?
Adversitores
What was the term for a slave's property?
Peculium
What was the term for a slave's slave?
Vicarius
What was the most common form of punishment for disobedient slaves?
Beating
Of what material were the rods made that were used to beat slaves?
Elm
What was a lash called?
Scutica
What was a cat-o'-nine-tales called?
Flagellum
What were escaped slaves known as?
Fugitivi
Upon capture, fugitives had what painful punishment applied to their foreheads?
The letter F was burned into the forehead
What was the term for a cross used for crucifixions?
Crux
What was a slave punisher called?
Carnifex
What was the term for a freedman?
Libertus
What were clients called?
Cliens
What were herds called?
Peculia
What was the meeting of clients by the patron called?
Salutatio
What was the term for a gift from a patron to a client?
Sportula
What were guests called?
Hospites
Who was the god that would punish aggression against guests?
Iupiter Hospitalis
What were tokens exchanged by mutual hospites called?
Tesserae hospitales
What was a single household called
Domus
What were apartments called?
Insulae
What was the hole in the ceiling of the atrium called?
Compluvium
What was the basin in the floor of the atrium called?
Impluvium
What room was the study?
Tablinum
What rooms were off to the side of the atrium?
Alae
What was a courtyard in the center of a house called?
Perystilium
What was the term for a large house with rooms being rented out to tenants?
Insula
What was the term for the courtyard between the house and the street?
Vestibulum
What was the collective term for the door and doorway?
Ostium
What was the term for the door itself?
Ianua
What was the term for the threshold of the door?
Limen
What were curtains called?
Vela
What were used as doors for interior rooms in the house?
Curtains
What type of atrium had a roof supported by two pairs of right angled beams?
Tuscan atrium
What type of atrium was supported by four columns?
Tetrastylon
What type of atrium was supported by many columns?
Corinthian atrium
What type of atrium had a roof that sloped down to the outer walls?
Displuviatum
What type of atrium had no impluvium or compluvium?
Testudinatum
What were the wax busts of ancestors called?
Imagines
What was the term for a strongbox?
Arca
What room was the household bathroom?
Latrina
What were bedrooms called?
Cubicula
What was the library called?
Bibliotheca
What was the private chapel in the house called?
Sacrarium
Where were the Lares housed?
Lararium
In what room was the Lararium?
Atrium
What were reception rooms called?
Oeci
What type of rooms had permanent seating for lectures?
Exedrae
What were the slaves' quarters called?
Cellae servorum
What was a formal garden called?
Xystus
What type of wall was made of large stone squares laid horizontally?
Opus quadratum
What type of wall had a concrete core with a brick or tile facing?
Opus Testaecum
What was the term for the wall-building materials stone and unburned bricks?
Latres crudi
What was the term for waterproof lining for cisterns?
Opus signinum
What was the term for an irregular wall?
Opus incertim
What type of brick wall resembled netting?
Opus Reticulatum
What was cement work called?
Caementicum
What was the term for volcanic ashes?
Lapis puteolanus
What was the floor called?
Pavimentum
What was the term for a heavy rammer used for pounding?
Fistuca
What were roofs called?
Tecta
What type of roof tiles had flanges?
Tegulae
What type of roof tiles did not have flanges?
Imbrices
What was the door lintel called?
Limen superum
What were double doors called?
Fores
What was the back door called?
Posticum
What were door bolts called?
Pessuli
What were door bars called?
Serae
What were windows called?
Fenestrae
What were hot boxes or heaters called?
Foculi
What were rectangular decorative wall panels called?
Abaci
What was the term for a decorative ceiling panel?
Lacus
What was the term for a couch?
Lectus
What was the term for a stool?
Sella
What kind of seat was a bench?
Subsellium
What type of seat was a special chair for magistrates that could fold up?
Sella curulis
Of what material were the legs of the sella curulis made?
Ivory or gold
What type of chair had a curved back?
Cathedra
What type of chair was high-backed with arms and was used by a patron during salutatio?
Solium
What type of table had only one leg?
Monopodium
What type of table had three legs?
Mensa delphica
What tyoe if table was rectangular and had a raised rim?
Abacus
What were lamps called?
Lucernae
What was the term for a candle stand?
Candelabra
What were candles called?
Candelae
What were torches called?
Faces
What was a sun dial called?
Solarium
What was a water clock called?
Clepsydra
What were stepping stones in the street called?
Pondera
What was the term for the classification of undergarments?
Indutus
What was the term for the classification of outer garments?
Amictus
What was the term for a loin cloth?
Subligaculum
What type of tunic had sleeves reaching to the wrists?
Tunica manicatae
What type of tunic fell to the ankles?
Tunica talares
What was the term for a knight's tunic?
Angusticlavia
What was the term for a senator's tunic?
Laticlavia
What was wooden cloth called?
Fasciae
What was the term for cloth worn around the low leg?
Tibialia
What was the term for cloth worn around the upper leg?
Feminalia
What was the term for cloth worn around the torso?
Ventralia
What was the term for cloth worn around the throat?
Focalia
What were pants worn by the Gauls called?
Braccae
Where was the toga worn?
In public
What was the term for the part of the toga that crossed over the chest and was used as a pocket?
Sinis
What type of slave was in charge of the master's toga?
Vestiplicus
What was the term for the way of wearing a toga such that the back was wrapped over the head and the folds were tied close to the body?
Cinctus Gabinus
What type of toga was very white and was worn by those seeking office?
Toga candida
What were people running for office called?
Candidati
What type of toga was purple with gold embroidery?
Toga picta
What type of toga was worn by a triumphator?
Toga picta
What type of toga was worn by those in mourning?
Toga pulla
Magistrates wore what type of toga while in mourning?
Toga pura
What were people in mourning collectively called?
Sordidati
What was the term for a mantle, often worn by soldiers and those of lower classes?
Lacerna
What was a hood called?
Cucullus
What was a military cloak called?
Trabea, sagum
What was a heavy poncho called?
Paenula
What were closed garments collectively called?
Vestimenta clausa
What was dinner dress worn over a tunic called?
Synthesis, vestis cenatoria
What were heavy woolen cloaks called?
Laena, abolla
What type of heavy cloak was favored by the poor?
Abolla
What was the term for a bath robe?
Endormis
What were slippers called?
Soleae
What was a senatorial shoe called?
Calceus senatorius
What was the term for a red shoe worn by patricians and curule magistrates?
Mulleus
What was the term for the crescent-shaped ornament worn on the mulleus?
Lunula
What were half-boots called?
Caligae
Under what emperor did full beards become fashionable?
Hadrian
Of what material were rings made?
Iron or gold
Where on he hand was the ring worn?
On the joint of the fourth (ring) finger
What was the term for a bra?
Mamillare
What was the term for a sash-like band of leather worn over the stolla?
Strophium
What was a standard dress called?
Stolla
What was the term for a girdle worn around the hips?
Zona
What was the term for the wide border sewn to the bottom of the stolla?
Instita
What type of woman did not have an instita?
Unmarried woman
What was the term for a shawl-like wrap?
Palla
What was the term for a knot?
Nodus
What was the most fashionable hairstyle?
A knot of hair tied at the back of the neck
What was the term for a hair net?
Reticula
What were garlands called?
Coronae
What was a parasol called?
Umbella
What was a fan called?
Flabellum
What were handkerchiefs called?
Sudaria
What type of precious stone was the most valued?
Pearl
What was silk called?
Vestes sericae
What was the term collectively applied to linen and cotton?
Carbasus
What was the term for the trumpet-shell from which purple dye came?
Murex
What were fullers or clothing cleaners called?
Fullones
What was the term for a peach?
Malum Persicum
What was the term for an apricot?
Malum Armeniacum
What was the term for a pomegranate?
Granatum
What was the term for a cherry?
Cerasus
What was the term for a lemon?
Citrus
What were the heart, liver, and lungs of an ox collectively known as?
Exta
What was a pig called?
Sus, porcus
What was the term for a bean?
Faba
What was the term for a chick-pea?
Cicer
What was the term for an onion?
Caepe
For what festival were a pig, bull, and sheep sacrificed?
Suovetaurilia
What was the term for a dormouse?
Glis
What was the term for a special dish made of salt fish, eggs, and cheese?
Tyrotarichus
What was the term for the type of fish called a mullet?
Mullus
What was the term for the type of fish called a turbot?
Rhombus
What was the term for oysters?
Ostreae
what was grain called?
Frumentum
What was the term for spelt, the grain used in the sacrificial cakes of the confarreate ceremony?
Far
What was porridge called?
Puls
What were bakers called?
Pistores
What was a mill called?
Mola
What was the term for the lower mill stone?
Meta
What was the term for the upper mill stone?
Catillus
What were guilds called?
Collegia
What type of bread, made from white flour, was considered to be the best or highest quality?
Panis siligneus
What type of bread, made from coarse flour, was considered the lowest quality bread?
Panis sordidus
What was the preparation of fruit called?
Epitryum
What was the dark or bitter olive juice used for fertilizer called?
Amurca
What was the term for olive oil?
Oleum
What was the term for the receptacle that collected olive oil?
Labrum fictile
What vineyard produced Augustus' favorite wine?
Ager Caecubus
What vineyard produced the most famous wine?
Ager Falernus
What festival celebrated vineyards and wine?
Vinalia Rustica
When was the Vinalia Rustica celebrated?
August 19th
What were large vat-like jars for fermenting the grape juice into wine called?
Dolia
What was grape jelly called?
Defrutum
What were wine cellars called?
Vinariae cellae
What was vinegar called?
Acetum
What was the special term given to tasteless vinegar?
Vappa
What were wine jugs called?
Amphorae
What was honeyed wine called?
Mulsum
What was honeyed water called?
Mulsa
What was the chief meal of the day?
Cena
What was the term for breakfast?
Ientaculum
What was the term for lunch?
Prandium
What was the term for dinner?
Cena
What was the term for supper?
Vesperna
What was the term for a dinner couch?
Lectica triclinaris
What were uninvited guests called?
Umbrae
Which couch was on the left of the table?
Lectus summus
Which couch was in the middle?
Lectus medius
Which couch was on the left?
Lectus imus
On which of the couches did the host family reside?
Lectus imus
What were the names of the three places on each couch?
Locus summus, locus medius, locus imus
Which spot on the lectus medius was the highest seat of honor?
Locus consularis
What was the term for the appetizer?
Gustus
What was the term for desert?
Secunda mensa
What was a single course called?
Una mensa
When a banquet was held earlier in the day, what was it called?
Tempestiva convivia
What was the term for a tray?
Ferculum
What was the term for a wine supper following the cena?
Comissatio
What were garlands worn during the drinking parties called?
Coronae convivales
What were drinking rules at a party collectively called?
Leges insanae
What was the term for a large bowl for mixing wine and water?
Crater
What were goblets called?
Pocula
What was a ladle called?
Cyathus
What were balls filled with air called?
Folles
What game was played by three people in triangular formation?
Trigon
What were knuckle bones used in gambling called?
Tali
How many "sides" did tali have?
4
How many tali were used at a time?
4
What was a dice box called?
Fritillus
What was the lowest throw in dice?
The Vulture
What was the highest throw in dice?
The Venus
What was the term used to describe a master of revels?
Magister bibendi
What were six-sided dice called?
Tesserae
How many tesserae were thrown at a time?
3
What were the ludi scenici?
Theatrical entertainment
What were the ludi circenses?
Chariot races
What were the munera gladiatoria?
Gladiator shows
What was the term for theatrical comedies?
Comoediae
What was the term for theatrical tragedies?
Tragoediae
What was the term for theatrical farces?
Mimi
What was the term for theatrical pantomimes?
Pantomimi
What was the term for a recognized play manager?
Dominus gregis
What was an acting troupe called?
Grex
What were props called?
Ornamenta
When was the first temporary theater constructed in Rome?
145 BC
What was the front of the stage called?
Proscaenium
What was the acting stage called?
Scaena
What was the spectator seating sections in a theater called?
Cavea
Where did senators sit in the seating area?
Orchestra
What were seating sections in a theater called?
Cunei
When was the Theater of Marcellus built?
13 BC
What were awnings in a theater called?
Vela
What were the three circuses in Rome?
Circus Maximus, Circus Flamininus, Circus of Gaius and Nero
What are the other three circuses near Rome?
Circus of the Arval Brethren, Circus Maxentius, Circus at Bovillae
What was the race course of the circus called?
Arena
What was the gate a victor left through at the end of a chariot race called?
Porta triumphalis
What were the starting stations for chariots?
Carceres
What gate divided the starting stations into two sections?
Porta pompae
What was the exterior tower at a circus called?
Oppidum
What was the divider in the middle of the circus called?
Spina
What were the middle points of a race called?
Metae
What was one lap called?
Curriculum, spatium
What were all the laps in a race collectively called?
Missus
How many laps composed a typical race?
7
What was the middle pillar near the porta triumphalis called?
Meta prima
What was the chalk finish line called?
Calx
What was the starting line called?
Linea alba
What was the title of the chief official of the games?
Dator ludorum
What were the egg markers that counted down the number of laps in a race called?
Ovae
What was the marble platform running around the interior of the circus called?
Podium
What were rows of seating in the circus called?
Gradus
What were racing syndicates called?
Factiones
What were the colors of the factions?
Red, White, Blue, Green
What were the Latin names for the factiones?
Russata, Albina, Veneta, Prasina
Under which emperor were the colors purple and gold added to the factiones?
Domitian
What was a two horse chariot called?
Biga
What was a three horse chariot called?
Triga
What was a four horse chariot called?
Quadriga
What were six horse chariots called?
Seiuges
What were seven horse chariots called?
Septeiuges
Which horse on a quadriga was the most important?
The extreme left horse
What was the title given to a horse that had won 100 races?
Centenarius
What was the title given to a horse that had won 200 races?
Ducenarius
What were charioteers called?
Agitatores, aurigae
What profession rode two horses and leaped between them?
Desultores
What type of gladiator fought with a net and a trident?
Retiarius
What type of gladiator wore a helmet with a fish crest?
Murmillo
What was the term for the fish crest on the helmet of the murmillo?
Mormyr
What type of gladiator was heavily armored, wielded a sword, and wore armor on his arm?
Samnite
What type of gladiator fought with a curved sword and a small shield?
Thracian
What type of gladiator fought blindly?
Andabata
What type of gladiator fought from a chariot?
Essedarius
What type of gladiator fought against animals?
Bestiarius
What type of gladiator fought with two swords?
Dimachaerus
What type of gladiator fought with a lasso?
Loqueator
What was a novice gladiator called?
Tiro
What was a spared gladiator called?
Missus
What were volunteer gladiators called?
Auctorati
What were gladiator trainers called?
Doctores
What was the top gladiator of a school called?
Palus primus
What was the second best gladiator of a school called?
Palus secundus
What was an owner of gladiators called?
Lanista
What were gladiator schools called?
Ludi gladiatorii
What was the special food prepared for gladiators called?
Sagina gladiatoria
What were wooden swords used for sparing called?
Rudes
What was presented to a gladiator upon being freed?
Rudus
What were gladiators associated with a particular school collectively called?
Familia
What was the lowest section of seating in the Coliseum called?
Cavea ima
What was the middle section of seating in the Coliseum called?
Cavea media
What was the highest section of seating in the Coliseum called?
Cavea summa
What were the sections of seating collectively known as?
Maeniana
What was the gate in the Coliseum through which dead bodies were dragged?
Porta libitinensis
What were the seats of honor at a gladiator show called?
Bisellia
What was the floor of the lowest section of seating called?
Podium
What was the armor worn on the arm of a Samnite called?
Manica
What was a large shield called?
Scutum
What was a small shield called?
Parma
What was the name of the dinner given to a gladiator the night before his combat?
Cena libera
What was the term for the sham fighting with wooden swords before the main gladiator show?
Prolusio
Who was in charge of the gladiators in the arena?
Editor muneris
What was a fight to the death called?
Sine missione
What were animal hunts in an amphitheater called?
Venationes
What were naval battles in an amphitheater called?
Naumachiae
At whose funeral did the first public gladiator show occur?
Brutus Pera
In what year were the first gladiatorial games held?
264 BC
During what month were aediles instructed by Domitian to hold gladiator games?
December
What was a gladiator combat in groups called?
Gregatim
What was the opening procession in the games called?
Pompa circensis
What were litters carrying priests called?
Ferculae
What room in a bathhouse was the locker room?
Apodyterium
What room in a bathhouse was the warm room?
Tepidarium
What room in a bathhouse was the hot room?
Caldarium
What room in a bathhouse was the cold room?
Frigidarium
What room in a bathhouse was the rub down and oil room?
Unctorium
What was an exercise yard for boxers and wrestlers and boxers called?
Palaestra
What was a general training yard called?
Gynasium
What was the term for the tool used to scrape oil from the body?
Strigil
What was the heating system in the bathhouse called?
Hypocaust
What was a swimming pool called?
Natatio, piscina
What was the term for a tank of hot water where a bath was taken?
Alveus
What was the floor of the bathhouse called?
Suspensura
What was the metal heater that held water from the furnace for the alveus called?
Testudo
What was the term for a tank containing cool water for a shower called?
Labrum
What type of slave brought a towel and strigil for his master?
Capsarius
What was a bathhouse called?
Balneum
What was the term for an owner of a bathhouse?
Conductor
What was the term for the fee required to enter the bathhouse?
Balneaticum
What was the nominal fee charged for entering the baths?
Quadrans
What festival was special for its tradition of gambling?
Saturnalia
What determined the color of an auriga's tunic?
The faction he belong to
Where did the pompa circensis begin?
The Capitol
Off of what road was the Circus of the Arval Brethren located?
Via Portuensis
What emperor forbade fights to the death?
Augustus
What was the term for the three-pronged spear used by a retiarius?
Fuscina
What was the term for the division between the sections of the maeniana?
Praecinctio
What was the term for the room where gladiators waited before combat?
Exedra
Who built the first permanent amphitheatre in Rome?
Pompey
When was the first permanent amphitheatre built?
55 BC
Who built a partial stone amphitheatre in 29 BC?
Statilius Taurus
How would one travel to Greece from mainland Italy?
Brundisium to Dyrrachium
What was a transfer cart called?
Plaustrum
What was a sedan chair called?
Lectica
What was a modified sedan chair carried by mules rather than slaves called?
Basterna
What type of four-wheeled cart was covered and drawn by two horses?
Pilentum
What type of two-wheeled cart was covered and drawn by two horses?
Carpentum
According to Livy, in what kind of luxury cart did Tarquinius Priscus come to Rome?
Carpentum
What type of cart was used in triumphal processions for carrying spoils of war?
Petoritum
What type of vehicle was equipped with a reclining bed?
Caruca
What was a large and heavy two-wheeled traveling vehicle drawn by two or four horses called?
Reda
What type of two-wheeled cart was uncovered and was drawn by two horses and used for swift travel?
Cisium
What was the etymology of the names for carts?
Gallic
In what year was the Via Appia built?
312 BC
What phrase is used to mean "to build a road"?
Munire viam
What was the ditch dug prior to the construction of the road called?
Fossa
What was the foundation of coarse stones placed in the fossa called?
Statumen
What was the nine-inch layer of coarse concrete or rubble that lay on top of the statumen called?
Rudus
What was the six-inch layer of fine concrete which lay on top of the rudus called?
Nucleus
What was the top layer of road called, made of blocks of lava or hard stone?
Dorsum
In rural roads, what was substituted for the dorsum?
Glarea
What did the glarea consist of?
A thick layer of gravel
What were curbstones on a road called?
Umbones
What was a finished road called?
Agger viae
What did travelers call places of rest?
Deversoria
What were inns called?
Cauponae
What were caupones?
Innkeepers
What type of slaves were messengers?
Tabellarii
What was a second copy of a letter called?
Uno exemplo
What were secretaries called?
Librarii
What were writing tablets called?
Tabellae
What were wire hinges for connecting tablets called?
Codicilli
What was coarse paper made of?
Papyrus
In letter sealing, what was the wax called?
Cera
In letter sealing, what was the seal called?
Signum
In letter sealing, what was the sealing thread called?
Linum
What was paper called?
Schedae
What was a roll of paper called?
Volumen
What was a modern-day book called?
Codex
On what material was a codex written?
Membranum
What was the commercial unit for papyrus?
Scapus
What was a pen called?
Calamus
What was black ink called?
Atrimentum
What was sometimes used in lieu of black ink?
Cuttlefish liquid
What color was used for writing headings?
Red
What was the piece of wood glued to the second side of a volumen called?
Umbilicus
Polished with pumice and often painted black, what were the top and bottom of a volumen called?
Frontes
What were the knobs on an umbilicus called?
Cornua
What was the strip of parchment containing the scroll's title and author called?
Titulus
What was a bundle of volumen called?
Fascis
In what type of container was a fascis kept?
Capsa, armaria
What was the first library in Rome called?
Atrium Libertatis
Who built the Atrium Libertatis?
Asinius Pollio
Who founded the Bibliotheca Ulpia?
Trajan
What was the term for paper substance or pulp?
Charta
What was the term applied to footpaths around roads?
Margines
Into what two professions did nobles typically enter?
War and statecraft
What were judges called?
Praetores
What were jurors called?
Iudices
What were knights called?
Equites
What was the usual rate of money lending?
12%
At what rate did Marcus Brutus loan money?
48%
For how long was a soldier enlisted in the army?
20 years
What were magistratorial clerks called?
Scribae
What event entailed clients coming to pay respects to their patron?
Salutatio
What type of slave attended the patron and helped him remember the names of clients?
Nomenclator
What was the midday siesta known as?
Meridatio
How many hours were in the day?
12
What was the gift given to clients by the patron?
Sportula
What was the shortest day of the year?
December 23rd
What was the longest day of the year?
June 25th
What phrase was used to describe the performance of funeral services?
Iusta facere
What was an empty tomb called?
Cenotaphium
What was the most commonly buried bone when one was cremated?
A finger bone
What was the ancient burial place for the pater familias?
Underneath the hearthstone in the Atrium
What were grave pits called?
Puticuli
Where was the Potter's Field located?
The Esquiline
What was the building a body was buried in called?
Sepulcrum
What was the slightly elevated platform running around the interior of the sepulcrum called?
Podium
What were spirits of the departed called?
Manes
What were places for burning bodies called?
Ustrinae
What was the plot of land set aside for a tomb called?
Area
What was a granary called?
Horreum
What two types of flowers surrounded the tomb?
Violets and roses
What was the terrace at a tomb called?
Solarium
What were the two pools at the rear of the tomb called?
Piscinae
What was the thicket of shrubbery at the back of the funeral grounds called?
Harundinetum
What were family tombs or mass tombs filled with urns called?
Columbaria
What were the niches for the urns called?
Columbaria
What were the horizontal rows of niches called?
Gradus
What were the vertical rows of niches called?
Ordines
What were urns called?
Ollae
What was the marble label for each niche called?
Titulus
What were family groupings of niches called?
Aediculae
What were burial societies called?
Collegia funeratica, cultores
What were shares of the cost of a columbarium called?
Sortes viriles
What was an honorary member of a burial society called?
Patronus, patrona
What were columbarium trustees called?
Curatores
What were sections of niches called?
Loci
What was the burial of a small child called?
Funus acerbum
What was the funeral for someone of lower class called?
Funus plebeium
What was the formal act of the eldest son calling out the name of the deceased?
Conclamatio
What was a funeral couch called?
Lectus funbebris
What were undertakers called?
Libitinarii
What special undertaker presided over the order and precedence of a funeral?
Designator
What room in the house housed the imagines?
Alae
What was a funeral oration called?
Laudatio
Where was a laudatio typically performed?
The rostra
What was the mound where a cremation had occurred known as?
Tumulus
A grave in which a body had been burned was called what?
Bustum
What was the pile of wood used to burn the body called?
Rogus
What was a ceremonial bone called?
Os resectum
What type of animal was sacrificed at a funeral?
Pig
What was the term for the food eaten by mourners at he end of a funeral?
Silicernium
What two things were done after nine days had passed since the funeral?
Sacraficium novendiale, cena novendialis
What festival in February was a public celebration of the dead?
Parentalia
What were the dates of Parentalia?
February 13 - February 21
What was the last day of Parentalia called?
Feralia
What festival at the end of March celebrated the birthday of the dead?
Violaria
What birthday at the end of May celebrated the burial of the dead?
Rosaria
What was the term for a tomb surrounded by a spacious area?
Cepotaphium
What praenomen is abbreviated P?
Publius
What praenomen is abbreviated V?
Vibius or Vopiscus
What was the term for a bride?
Sponsa
What was the term for the matron of honor at a wedding?
Pronuba
What was the term for the ceremonial wedding couch in the atrium?
Lectus genialis
What date was the first day of the school year?
March 24
What type of teacher taught literature?
Rhetor
At what age did males become eligible for military service?
17
What indicated that a slave was from a foreign land?
White chalk on the feet
What indicated that a slave was from the East?
An earring
What was the term for the punishment of slaves that involved tying a log to the back of the shoulders?
Furcifer
What was the term for the building superintendent of an apartment complex?
Insularius
What was a general's cape called?
Paludamentum
Where was the original terminus of the Via Appia?
Capua
How many minutes long was a Roman hour?
45 - 75 minutes
What were the time periods night was divided into called?
Vigiliae
How many vigiliae were there in a night?
4
What was the term for a man's guardian spirit?
Genius
What was the term for a woman's guardian spirit?
Juno
Where was the Temple of Aesculapius located in Rome?
Tiber Island
What was the term for a gardener that cut bushes into whimsical shapes?
Topiarius
What was fermented grape juice called?
Mustum
What room in the bathhouse was the sauna?
Laconicum
What were the largest baths in Rome?
Baths of Diocletian
What was the term for the starting cloth at the circus?
Mappa
What was the term for a gladiator who won his freedom through victory?
Libertinus
How many days each year were occupied by games of some sort?
135 days
What road stretched across northern Greece?
Via Egnatia
What major road went from Rome into northern Italy?
Via Flaminia
What festival celebrated the Bona Dea?
The Festival of Bona Dea
When was the festival of Bona Dea held?
December 3rd
When was Saturnalia held?
December 17-23
What festival honored Venus?
The Festival of Venus Genetrix
When was the Festival of Venus Genetrix held?
September 26th
What festival celebrated the opening of the Underworld?
Festival of Luna
When was the Festival of Luna celebrated?
August 24th
What festival was celebrated to appease the spirits of the household dead?
Lemuria
When was Lemuria celebrated?
May 9th
What festival celebrated Flora?
Floralia
When was Floralia celebrated?
April 28-May 3
What festival celebrated fertility?
Lupercalia?
When was Lupercalia celebrated?
February 15th
What was the term for the rod of manumission given to slaves upon being freed?
Vindicta
What college of priests was in charge of emperor worship?
Augustales
Who were the dancing priests of Mars?
Salii
What type of soothsayer interpreted the entrails of animals?
Haruspex
What type of soothsayer interpreted lightning?
Fulgurator
What was the oldest college of priests in Rome?
Fratres Arvales / Arval Brethren
What was the term for a general's tent?
Praetorium
What was the term for a leather breastplate?
Lorica
What were members of a town council called?
Decuriones
What was a cavalry squad of 30 men called?
Turma
Who was in charge of the grain supply?
Praefectus annonae
What was the term for the tribune's right to veto?
Intercessio
Who was the dictator's assistant?
Magister equitum
What committee elected minor offices?
Comitia centuriata
What committee elected major offices?
Comitia tributa
What magistrate was the city sheriff?
Praetor urbanus
What was the Greek name for Italy?
Oenotria
What was the great sewer in Rome?
Cloaca Maxima
What was the treasury building?
Aerarium
Where did the Pontifex Maximus reside?
Regia
What was country bread called?
Panis rusticus
What was army bread called?
Panis castrensis
Where was the arx located?
Capitoline
What were tax collectors called?
Publicani
What was the term for a surgeon?
Chirurgus
What was the term for a shoe-maker?
Sutor
What was a traveling hat called?
Petasus
What was the term for the folds of a toga that could be worn as a hood?
Umbo