Shoulder & Upper Arm Muscles

Front 1

Origin:
Pectoralis Major

Back 1

Ventral surface of the sternum down to the seventh rib, sternal half of clavicle, cartilage of true ribs and aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

Front 2

Insertion:
Pectoralis Major

Back 2

Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerous

Front 3

Action:
Pectoralis Major

Back 3

Adducts and medially rotates arm, clavicular head flexes humerus, sternal head extends humerus, and with insertion fixed it assists in elevation of the thorax

Front 4

Trigger Points:
Pectoralis Major

Back 4

In the belly for each portion of the muscle

Front 5

Referred Pain Pattern:
Pectoralis Major

Back 5

Chest and breast down to the ulnar aspect of the arm to the fourth and fifth fingers

Front 6

The muscles that pulls the thorax up to the fixed arm position in "pull ups"

Back 6

Pectoralis Major

Front 7

Synergists:
Pectoralis Major

Back 7

Sternal division: latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, teres major

Clavicular Division: biceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, deltoid

Front 8

Origin:
Pectoralis Minor

Back 8

Anterior surfaces of the third through fifth ribs

Front 9

Insertion:
Pectoralis Minor

Back 9

Coracoid process of the scapula

Front 10

Action:
Pectoralis Minor

Back 10

With ribs fixed, it darws the scapula forward and downward, and with scapula fixed, it draws the rib cage superiorly

Front 11

Trigger points:
Pectoralis Minor

Back 11

near the insertion at ther bis and at the coracoid process

Front 12

Referred Pain Pattern:
Pectoralis Minor

Back 12

Front of the chest and down the ulnar side of the arm and mimics the symptoms of angina

Front 13

Synergists:
Pectoralis Minor

Back 13

Pectoralis Major & Serratus Anterior

Front 14

Origin:
Serratus Anterior

Back 14

Outer surfaces and superior borders of the first eight or nine ribs

Front 15

Insertion:
Serratus Anterior

Back 15

Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

Front 16

Action:
Serratus Anterior

Back 16

Abducts and protracts the scapula, rotates it so that the glenoid cavity faces cranially. It also holds the scapula firmly against the thorax (rib cage)

Front 17

This muscle is important in horizontal arm movement such as pushing and punching. Also known as the "boxers muscle."

Back 17

Serratus Anterior

Front 18

Trigger Points:
Serratus Anterior

Back 18

Along the midaxillary line near the ribs.

Front 19

Referred Pain Pattern:
Serratus Anterior

Back 19

Along the side and back of chest and down the ulnar aspect of the arm into the hand

Front 20

Synergists:
Serratus Anterior

Back 20

Pectoralis Minor

Front 21

Origin:
Trapezius

Back 21

Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of the seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae

Front 22

Insertion:
Trapezius

Back 22

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion process and spoine of scapula

Front 23

Action:
Trapezius

Back 23

Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates the scapula. The superior fibers elevate, the middle fibers retract, and the inferior fibers depress the scapula. Together the upper and lower fibers rotate the arm

Front 24

Trigger Points:
Trapezius

Back 24

In the belly of the muscle near its points of attachment to the scapula.

Front 25

Referred Pain Pattern:
Trapezius

Back 25

In the neck to the ear and the temple and also in the subscapular area.

Front 26

Synergists:
Trapezius

Back 26

Levator scapulae, clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid, rhomboids

Front 27

Origin:
Levator Scapulae

Back 27

Transverse processes of the first four cervical vertebrae

Front 28

Insertion:
Levator Scapulae

Back 28

Vertebral border of the scapula between the superior angle and the spine

Front 29

Action:
Levator Scapulae

Back 29

Raises scapula and draws it medially. With the scapula fixed, bends the neck laterally and rotates it to the same side (shoulder shrugging)

Front 30

Trigger Points:
Levator Scapulae

Back 30

At the belly of the muscle just as it begins its rotation and at the attachment point of the scapula

Front 31

Referred Pain Pattern:
Levator Scapulae

Back 31

Along the angle of the neck and the vertebral border of the scaplua.

Front 32

Synergists:
Levator Scapulae

Back 32

Rhomboids and trapezius

Front 33

Antagonist:
Levator Scapulae

Back 33

Latissimus dorsi

Front 34

Origin:
Rhomboids Major

Back 34

Spinous process of the second through fifth thoracic vertebrae

Front 35

Insertion:
Rhomboids Major

Back 35

Medial border of scapula between the spoine and the inferior angle

Front 36

Action:
Rhomboids Major

Back 36

Adducts, retracts, elevates, and rotates the scapula so that the glenoid cavity faces downward and stabilizes the scapula

Front 37

Trigger Points:
Rhomboid Major

Back 37

At the attachment point near the scapula border

Front 38

Synergists:
Rhomboid Major

Back 38

-Trapezius
-Levator Scapulae
-Rhomboid Minor
-Latissimus dorsi

Front 39

Origin:
Rhomboid Minor

Back 39

Spinous process of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae

Front 40

Insertion:
Rhomboid Minor

Back 40

Medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine

Front 41

Action:
Rhomboid Minor

Back 41

Retracts and stabilizes the scapula, elevates the vertebral border, and rotates the scapula to depress the inferior angle

Front 42

Synergists:
Rhomboid Minor

Back 42

- Trapezius
- Levator Scapulae
- Rhomboid Major
- Latissimus Dorsi

Front 43

Origin:
Latissimus Dorsi

Back 43

Indirect attachment through lumbodorsal fascia into spinous process of lower six thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, lower three to four ribs, and illiac crest

Front 44

Insertion:
Latissimus Dorsi

Back 44

In floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Front 45

Action:
Latissimus Dorsi

Back 45

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoulder downward and backward

Front 46

The muscle important in bringing the arm down in a power stroke as in hammering, swimming, and rowing

Back 46

Latisimus Dorsi

Front 47

Trigger Points:
Latissimus Dorsi

Back 47

In the belly of the muscle near the rib attachments

Front 48

Referred Pain Pattern:
Latissimus Dorsi

Back 48

Below the scapula and into the ulnar side of the arm and the abdominal oblique area

Front 49

Synergists:
Latissimus Dorsi

Back 49

- Rhomboids
- Pectoralis Major
- Teres Major

Front 50

Muscle can also act as an accessory muscle of respiration

Back 50

Latissimus Dorsi

Front 51

Origin:
Deltoid

Back 51

Anterior portion- superior surface of lateral third of clavicle

Middle portion - lateral border of acromion process of scapula

Posterior portion - lower border of the crest of the spoine of the scapula

Front 52

Insertion:
Deltoid

Back 52

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Front 53

Action:
Deltoid

Back 53

Anterior portion - flexion and medial rotation of the arm

Middle portion - abducts the arm

Posterior portion - extendes and laterally rotates the arm

Front 54

Shoulder muscle used as a prime injection site. Active during rhythmic arm swinging movements involved in walking

Back 54

Deltoid

Front 55

Trigger Points:
Deltiod

Back 55

Belly of muscle

Front 56

Referred Pain Pattern:
Deltoid

Back 56

In the deltoid region and down the lateral surface of the arm.

Front 57

Synergists:
Deltoid

Back 57

- Supraspinatus
- Clavicular division of the pectoralis major

Front 58

Antagonist:
Deltoid

Back 58

- Latissimus Dorsi
- Pectoralis Major
(both antagnoistic during adduction)

Front 59

Origin:
Supscapularis

Back 59

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

Front 60

Insertion:
Subscapularis

Back 60

Lesser tubercle of the humerus and the ventral part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

Front 61

Action:
Subscapularis

Back 61

Medially rotates and stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

Front 62

The rotator cuff muscle that is often associated with "frozen shoulder syndrome"

Back 62

Subscapularis

Front 63

Rotator Cuff Muscles (4)

Back 63

-Subscapularis
-Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus
-Teres minor

Front 64

Trigger Points:
Infraspinatus

Back 64

in the belly of the muscle below the spine of the scapula and near the medial border of the scapula

Front 65

Referred Pain Pattern:
Infraspinatus

Back 65

Deep into the shoulder and deltoid area down into the arm.

Front 66

Synergists:
Infraspinatus

Back 66

- Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
- Supraspinatus
- Deltoid

Front 67

Trigger Points:
Subscapularis

Back 67

Near the atatchment of the humerus and in its belly

Front 68

Referred Pain Pattern:
Subscapularis

Back 68

Posterior deltoid, triceps region down to the wrist

Front 69

Synergists:
Subscapularis

Back 69

- Teres Major
- Pectoralis Major
- Latissimus Dorsi

Front 70

Origin:
Supraspinatus

Back 70

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Front 71

Insertion:
Supraspinatus

Back 71

Superior part of the greater tubercle of the humerus and the capsule of the shoulder joint

Front 72

Action:
Supraspinatus

Back 72

Abducts the arm and acts to stablilze the humeral head in the glenoid cavity during movements of the shoulder joint. (Rotator cuff muscle)

Front 73

Trigger Points:
Supraspinatus

Back 73

Near the tendons and in the belly of the muscle

Front 74

Referred Pain Pattern:
Supraspinatus

Back 74

Deep in the shoulder and down the arm to the elbow

Front 75

Synergist:
Supraspinatus

Back 75

Deltoid

Front 76

Origin:
Infraspinatus

Back 76

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Front 77

Insertion:
Infraspinatus

Back 77

Middle part of the greater tubercle of the humerus and the capsule of the shoulder joint

Front 78

Action:
Infraspinatus

Back 78

Lateral rotation of the shoulder and acts to stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid cavity. (Rotator Cuff Muscle)

Front 79

Origin:
Teres Major

Back 79

Lower third of the posterior surface of the lateral border of the scapula

Front 80

Insertion:
Teres Major

Back 80

Medial lip of the bicipital (intertubercular) groove of the humerus

Front 81

Action:
Teres Major

Back 81

Medially rotates and adducts the arm

Front 82

Trigger Points:
Teres Major

Back 82

Near both attachments

Front 83

Referred Pain Pattern:
Teres Major

Back 83

In the posterior deltoid region and down the dorsal surface of the arm

Front 84

Synergists:
Ters Major

Back 84

- Latissimus dorsi
- Subscapularis

Front 85

Origin:
Teres Minor

Back 85

Upper two thirds of the dorsal surface of the axillary border of the scapula

Front 86

Insertion:
Teres Minor

Back 86

The capsule of the shoulder joint and the inferior part of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Front 87

Action:
Teres Minor

Back 87

Laterall rotates the arm and draws the humerus toward the glenoid cavity

Front 88

Trigger Point:
Teres Minor

Back 88

In the belly of the muscle near its point of attachment.

Front 89

Referred Pain Pattern:
Teres Minor

Back 89

In the deltoid region.

Front 90

Synergists:
Teres Minor

Back 90

-Infraspinatus
-Subscapularis

Front 91

Origin:
Coracobrachialis

Back 91

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Front 92

Insertion:
Coracobrachialis

Back 92

Anteromedial surface of the middle of the humerus shaft opposite the deltiod tuberosity

Front 93

Action:
Corachobrachialis

Back 93

Flexion and adduction of the humerus

Front 94

Trigger Point:
Coracobrachialis

Back 94

Near the coracoid attachment

Front 95

Referred Pain Pattern:
Coracobrachialis

Back 95

Down the triceps and dorsal forearm into the hand

Front 96

Synergists:
Coracobrachialis

Back 96

- Pectoralis major
- Biceps Brachii
- Deltoid

Front 97

Origin:
Biceps Brachii

Back 97

Long Head- Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Short Head - Tip of the coracoid process of the scapula

Front 98

Insertion:
Biceps Brachii

Back 98

Radial tuperosity and into aponeurosis of flexor muscles of lower arm

Front 99

Action:
Biceps Brachii

Back 99

Flexes and supinates the forearm

Front 100

Trigger Points:
Biceps Brachii

Back 100

In the belly of each of the two heads of the muscle

Front 101

Referred Pain Pattern:
Biceps Brachii

Back 101

Found in the front of the shoulder and into the antecubital space

Front 102

Synergists:
Biceps Brachii

Back 102

- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
- Supinator

Front 103

Angatonists:
Biceps Brachii

Back 103

- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus

Front 104

Origin:
Brachialis

Back 104

Distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus

Front 105

Insertion:
Brachialis

Back 105

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Front 106

Action:
Brachialis

Back 106

Flexes elbow

Front 107

Trigger points:
Brachialis

Back 107

In the belly of the muscle

Front 108

Referred Pain Pattern:
Brachialis

Back 108

Primarily in the lower arm to the thumb.

Front 109

Synergists:
Brachialis

Back 109

- Biceps Brachii
- Brachioradialis

Front 110

Antagonists:
Brachialis

Back 110

- triceps brachii
- anconeus

Front 111

Origin:
Brachioradialis

Back 111

Proximal two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Front 112

Insertion:
Brachioradialis

Back 112

Lateral side of the base of the styloid process of radius

Front 113

Action:
Brachioradialis

Back 113

Flexes the elbow. Assists in pronation and supination of the forearm to the midposition.

Front 114

Muscle used to stabilize the elbow during rapid flexion and extension while in a midposition, such as in hammering.

Back 114

Brachioradialis

Front 115

Trigger Point:
Brachioradialis

Back 115

Belly of muscle

Front 116

Referred Pain Pattern:
Brachioradialis

Back 116

From the wrist and base of the thumb and index finger to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Front 117

Synergists:
Brachioradialis

Back 117

- Brachialis
- Biceps brachii

Front 118

Antagonists:
Brachioradialis

Back 118

- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus

Front 119

Origin:
Triceps Brachii

Back 119

Long Head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.

Medial Head - distal two thirds of the medial and posterio surfaces of the humerus

Lateral head - upper half of the posterior surface of the humerus

Front 120

Insertion:
Triceps Brachii

Back 120

Posterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna (elbow!)

Front 121

Action:
Triceps Brachii

Back 121

Extends the forearm and the tendon of the long head and helps stabilize the shoulder joint

Front 122

The only muscle in the posterior upper arm.

Back 122

Triceps brachii

Front 123

Trigger Points:
Triceps Brachii

Back 123

In the belly of each head of the muscle

Front 124

Referred Pain Pattern:
Triceps Brachii

Back 124

Entire length of the posterior surface of the arm

Front 125

Synergists:
Triceps Brachii

Back 125

Anconeus

Front 126

Antagonist:
Triceps Brachii

Back 126

- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis

Front 127

Origin:
Anconeus

Back 127

Posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Front 128

Insertion:
Anconeus

Back 128

Lateral surface of the olecranon process and posterior proximal surface of the ulna

Front 129

Action:
Anconeus

Back 129

Extends the forearm and stabilizes the elbow joint

Front 130

Referred pain pattern:
Anconeus

Back 130

Elbow

Front 131

Synergists:
Anconeus

Back 131

Triceps brachii

Front 132

Antagonists:
Anconeus

Back 132

- Biceps brachii
- brachioradialis
- brachialis