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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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JOINTS OF THE SHOULDER COMPLEX
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sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic
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STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT: GENERAL FEATURES
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articulation b/w sternum and clavicle. Saddle Joint.
This is the only direct bony attachment of upper extremity to the axial skeleton. Has a high degree of stability while still allowing 3 degrees of freedom. Clavicle is convex along longitudinal diameter and concave along transverse diameter. Sternum is concave along long. diameter and convex along transverse diameter. |
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LIGAMENTS THAT SUPPORT THE STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
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Sternoclavicular ligament, joint capsule, interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament, articular disc
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STERNOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT
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connects the clavicle to the sternum on both anterior and posterior surfaces; reinforces joint capsule
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COSTOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT
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Main stabilizer of SCJ. Limits extreme motion of clavicle except depression. connects the inferior surface of clavicle to the superior surface of the costal cartilage of rib 1.
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INTERCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT
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connects the sternal ends of both clavicles across the superior aspect of the manubrium; limits clavicular depression
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Articular Disc
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increases congruency, acts as a shock absorber between clavicle and sternum.
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ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT
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articulation b/w the scapula and the clavicle. Plane joint (no roll/slide)
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LIGAMENTS THE SUPPORT THE ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT
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acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament
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ACROMIOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT
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Connects the acromion to the clavicle; helps prevent dislocations of scapula and links motion of scapula and clavicle.
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CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT
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Main stabilizer of ACJ. Composed of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments. connects the coracoid to the inferior clavicle; help suspend clavicle from scapula and prevent dislocations.
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CORACOACROMIAL LIGAMENT
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connects coracoid and acromiom. Forms the coracoacromial arch "roof". Not a very important ligament and is sometime sacrificed.
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SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT: GENERAL FEATURES
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articulation b/w scapula and rib cage. Not a "true" joint. Movement is as a result of ACJ and SCJ (30 degrees of motion from each)
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SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM
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relationship b/w scapulothoracic joint and glenohumeral joint; work together is a 2:1 ratio. For every 2 degrees of GH abduction (or flexion) the scapula upwardly rotates 1 degree.
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GLENOHUMERAL JOINT :
GENERAL FEATURES |
articulation b/w glenoid fossa and humeral head. Glenoid rotated 5* upward and forward 35*. Bony congruence is not good for stability.
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ANGLE OF INCLINATION & RETROVERSION ANGLE
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ANGLE OF INCLINATION: head of humerus is tipped upward 135* and back 30* (RETROVERSION) to meet glenoid fossa
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LIGAMENTS THAT SUPPORT THE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
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coracohumeral ligament, capsular ligaments, glenoid labrum, rotator cuff, long head of biceps
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CORACOHUMARAL LIGAMENT
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connects the coracoids to greater tubercle. Limits inferior movement of humerus to avoid displacement
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GLENOID LABRUM
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A fibrocartilaginous ring that lines the rim of the glenoid fossa. Serves to deepen socket of the GHJ, seal the joint helping to stabilize and maintain suction effect.
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GHJ CAPSULAR LIGAMENTS
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A thin fibrous capsule that includes the superior, middle, and inferior GH capsular ligaments. Relatively loose attachment between anatomical neck of humerus and rim of glenoid fossa.
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ROTATOR CUFF
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Group of 4 muscles (SITS): supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis. Surround head of Humerus and actively keep it in glenoid fossa.
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LONG HEAD OF BICEPS
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wraps around superior portion of humoral head attaching to superior glenoid tubercle. Provides anterior stability.
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STATIC STABILITY OF GHJ
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Normal: sub capsular structures provide upward force vector, gravity provides downward force vector results in compression force that pulls head of humerus into glenoid fossa.
Abnormal: ex. stroke patient, has weakness or paralysis in trapezius which cause scapula to lose its 5* of tilt...which means head of humerus has no edge to sit on and sub capsular ligaments vector force has changed, effecting overall function of the GHJ. |
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CORACOACROMIAL ARCH
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Overall, bad design. Soft tissue is draped over head of humerus like a hose, its easy for these vascular structures to become compromised.
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