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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
PAD
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Peripheral Arterial Disease
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PAD risk factors
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DM (diabetes)
Smoking HTN Age |
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PAD S/S
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Intermittent claudication
loss of subcutaneous fat, in calf muscle muscle atrophy Skin on lower legs thin & shiny No hair on lower legs |
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Intermittent claudication
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Pain with walking-
poor blood flow causes spasms |
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Vasculitis
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inflammation and necrosis of the blood vessel wall;Healing will incur scaring→loss of dilation
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Causes of vasculitis
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Direct injury, infection, SLE, Radiation
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Complications of vasculitis
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Thrombus
Emboli Vascular collapse death |
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Reynaud disease
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a temporary spasm of small arteries and arterials.
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Reynaud disease - cause
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Unknown; occurs in fingers and sometimes toes
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Reynaud disease S/S
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Hypoxia→ pale fingers, cyanotic→rubor (local vasodilatation)
Narrow fingertips, numbness, tingling→sensory nerves not getting circulation, pain (as episode ends) |
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Raynaud disease - complications
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Frequent spasm→tissue death→scaringGangreen→amputation
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Reynaud phenomenon
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Secondary process=symptoms, not disease
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Varicose veins
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large, twisted, obvious, torturous
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Varicose veins - causes
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Valvular de-compensation→distension
Pregnancy – position of baby & double the blood volume Tight pants (in groin area-femoral) Standing for too long Obesity |
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Valvular de-compensation
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(valve does not close/incompetent). Blood runs back down if valve above does not close
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Varicose veins - complications
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Stasis, blood pools→clotting, chronic venous insufficiency (blood does not get back to heart
Legs edematous |
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Varicose veins - S/S
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Bulging, distended, blue veins
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Pressure Ulcers/bed sores/ decubitus ulcers
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Ischemic lesions that develop over bony prominence
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Bed sores - Causes
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Pressure (weight of patient) exceeds capillary pressure (25 mm)
Not getting enough blood After 2 hours→ischemia Immobile Poor circulation |
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Bed sores - common areas
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Tail bone/sacral, anywhere there is pressure: ankles, toes, elbows, wrist
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Bed sores - signs/symptoms
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Area first turns red (need to massage)
Difficult to heal |
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Bed sores - complications
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Level of moisture→skin breaks down
Urine/fecal contamination Nutritional status Immobile Poor circulation |
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Compartmental Syndrome
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Increased pressure in a limited space
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Compartmental Syndrome - causes
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Snake bites, compression injury, fractures, bruising, restrictive dressings, infiltrated IV(fluid gets out of vein and into tissue)
Pressure increases and goes inward Presses on nerves and circulatory bed Muscle swells but fascia still intact |
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Compartmental Syndrome - S/S
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Deep, Throbbing pain – greater than you expect, Ischemic, numbness, tinglingParathesias muscle weakness, flexion contractions,nerve dysfunction,thermal injuries,Skin is taut and warm, pulse is present
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Compartmental Syndrome - treatment
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Fillet, relieve pressure, keep muscle moist, after 24 hrs - sew back up
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Compartmental Syndrome - complications
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Permanent foot drop - slapping gate
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