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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution of first fishes: -Primeros peses fueron pesadamente blindados, muy pesados para flotar y les faltaban mandibulas -Algunos peces sin mandibulas aun sobreviven hoy (sea lampreys) -Mandibulas rudimentarias evolucionaron de esqueletos que mantienen las branqueas |
Importance of JAWS; Jawless fishes, hagfish and lamprey -most primitive fishes alive today -now only comprise about 100 spp -2 main orders: -HAGFISH: Exclusively marine, eel-like fishes are relatively small, lack actual vertabrae in their back bone; rest of skeleton is mostly cartilage w/ some chitinous hard parts -LAMPREYS: Cartilafinous skeleton; lack jaws and paired fins. Ectoparasitic |
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Shark uses by humans/threats to sharks/conservation status: -Humanos matan 11,417 tiburones por hora Non-carnivorous sharks: -2 tiburones se alimentan de zooplankton y peces pequenos se llaman: basking shark y whale shark |
Shark behaviors: -Shark migrate more than birds -algunas especies pueden ser muy sociables los Scalloped Hammerheads se unen en monta'as de mar -en algunos habitat se mezclan varias especies para comer |
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Shark reproduction modes/examples: -Mode of reproduction varies w/ spp there are 3 modes: -Oviparity: lay eggs in water -Viviparity: huevos en la placenta como humanos -Ovoviviparity: muchos huevos dentro de placenta |
Top predator role-removal of top predators -ausencia de tiburones ha hecho que las mantarrayas (stingrays) se coman los shellfish (eso afecta toda la cadena alimenticia) Trophic cascades -mantarayas comen por la ausencia de tiburones |
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Feeding behavior -Favorite food other fishes -Include Elasmobranch spp -Often consume mesopredators such as skates and rays Sensory Systems Lorenzini: sentido en los poros de la electricidad de las presas |
Respiration-buccal vs ram -Buccal: chupan agua por la boca y la expulsan por las branqueas -Ram: respiran nadando Osmoregulation and rectal gland -Osmoregulation: solute de la sangre al igual que el mar -Rectal gland: rectum de el tiburon donde segrega exceso de sal |
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Shark Anatomy -Lack fin rays like bony fish but have highly developed pectoral fins and a caudal fin -the fixed pectoral fins provide buoyancy -do not have a swim bladder like bony fish -las branqueas(gills) son expuestas a los lados -have pores on the side of the body w/ sensory skills, these pores detect electrical impulses from the prey |
Skates and Rays (batoidea) -batoidea is a ray, flattened fish -have very wide wing-like structures and long tails. mantarayas -about 500 spp -include electric ray, manta ray, stingray Sharks (selachimorpha) diversity of shark species/evolution -aprox 450spp. widely distributed throughout the worlds oceans -Pelagic sharks; have slim bodies, enabling them to swim very fast and be top predators in the ocean -most sharks are predator carnivores that sit at the top of the food chain -1st vertebrate to have a fully functional immune system -long survival records of 400 years -Many sharks spend time as solitary creatures |
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Holocephalans and Elasmobranchs Elasmobranchs: include sharks, rays and skates -most diverse subclass of cartilegenous fish -have jaws that move articulated and paired fins -morphology of fins -skin is tough scales oriented backwards -sharks may consume elasmobranchs -Human fishing of large sharks has decreased the population thus increasing the amount of elasmobranchs such as rays, skates and small sharks -elasmobranchs are mesopredators -do not reproduce quickly so predation highly affects population size -Due to high fishing/killing of large sharks there has been an increase in the elasmobranch mesopredator, the longhead eagle ray. This increase in this type of ray has affected shellfish because the high population of rays are eating them |
Holocephalans; chimeras also means Holocephalans -Holocephalans are cartilaginous fish -Holocephali is a subclass of holocephalans -Upper jaw fused to skull -Skin is smooth -Posses only single gill slit -Do not have teeth,they have grinding plates -Most have venom on the edge of the first dorsal fin -Deep sea fish, cold water, continental shelves |
