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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If hysterectomy early after ovulation, youll have a persistent CL.
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What are four definitive signs of preg?
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Amniotic vesicle 30-45
Membrane slip (chorioallantoic) 35-90 Placentomes 70-100 Fetus 3-4 then 7-9 |
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What do the following us artifacts result in
Reverberation Shadow Achoustic enhancement Specukar reflection Transducer offset |
Multiple images
Shadow Enhance magnify image Confusion Line |
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What are the three landmarks of bovine ultrasound?
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Blsdder = trapezoid, cr
Pelvic brim, the hook Rumen wall = hyperechoic line sloping ventrocaudally |
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Prostaglandins do four things
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Luteolysis
Abortion Treat hydrometra Induce parturition |
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GnRH is an OVULATORY drug true or false.
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True
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GnRH is an ovulatory drug. What 5 things can it do
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Treat COD
Stimulate follicular development Stimulate ovulations Csuse additional ovulation and maintenance of CL for timed breedings Increase spermatogenesis and libido in males Increase strogen and testosterone in intact animals |
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Oxytocin induces parturition in which aimal
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Mare
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What stimulates milk letdown in sows?
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Oxytocin
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What will cause uterine contractions to empty uterus of fluid after parturition
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Oxytocin
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Oxytocin does what to the male
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Stallions, stimulates sexial arousal and the passage of sperm thru ampulla
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Whats the steroidogenic pathway
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Cholesterol
Pregnelone Progesterone 21 Testosterone 19 Estradiol 18 |
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How many carbons does progetsterone test and estradiol have
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21
19 18 |
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What are regumate, megastrol acetate, and medroxyprogesterone acetate
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Progesterones
Regumate is altrenogest Megasterol acetate is ovaban Medroxyprogesterone acetate is depo provera |
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Progesterones act as contraceptives in dogs. What do they do in cows
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Induce lactation along with other shit
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How do you make an androgen orally bioavailable?
What is the sife effect of thid? |
Add a methyl group to it
Hepatotoxic |
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GnRH is an ovulatory drug. What 5 things can it do
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Treat COD
Stimulate follicular development Stimulate ovulations Csuse additional ovulation and maintenance of CL for timed breedings Increase spermatogenesis and libido in males Increase strogen and testosterone in intact animals |
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Oxytocin induces parturition in which aimal
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Mare
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What stimulates milk letdown in sows?
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Oxytocin
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What will cause uterine contractions to empty uterus of fluid after parturition
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Oxytocin
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Oxytocin does what to the male
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Stallions, stimulates sexial arousal and the passage of sperm thru ampulla
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Whats the steroidogenic pathway
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Cholesterol
Pregnelone Progesterone 21 Testosterone 19 Estradiol 18 |
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How many carbons does progetsterone test and estradiol have
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21
19 18 |
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What are regumate, megastrol acetate, and medroxyprogesterone acetate
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Progesterones
Regumate is altrenogest Megasterol acetate is ovaban Medroxyprogesterone acetate is depo provera |
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Progesterones act as contraceptives in dogs. What do they do in cows
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Induce lactation along with other shit
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How do you make an androgen orally bioavailable?
What is the sife effect of thid? |
Add a methyl group to it
Hepatotoxic |
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GnRH is an ovulatory drug. What 5 things can it do
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Treat COD
Stimulate follicular development Stimulate ovulations Csuse additional ovulation and maintenance of CL for timed breedings Increase spermatogenesis and libido in males Increase strogen and testosterone in intact animals |
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Oxytocin induces parturition in which aimal
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Mare
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What stimulates milk letdown in sows?
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Oxytocin
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What will cause uterine contractions to empty uterus of fluid after parturition
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Oxytocin
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Oxytocin does what to the male
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Stallions, stimulates sexial arousal and the passage of sperm thru ampulla
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Whats the steroidogenic pathway
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Cholesterol
Pregnelone Progesterone 21 Testosterone 19 Estradiol 18 |
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How many carbons does progetsterone test and estradiol have
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21
19 18 |
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What are regumate, megastrol acetate, and medroxyprogesterone acetate
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Progesterones
Regumate is altrenogest Megasterol acetate is ovaban Medroxyprogesterone acetate is depo provera |
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Progesterones act as contraceptives in dogs. What do they do in cows
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Induce lactation along with other shit
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How do you make an androgen orally bioavailable?
What is the sife effect of thid? |
Add a methyl group to it
Hepatotoxic |
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What are your threeo protocols for androgen contraception
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Methyl testosterone twice a week
Testosterone onjection every two weeks Mibolerone cheque drops |
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What effect does estrogen have on the uterus and how do we use this?
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Estrogen enhances uterine motility
Estrogen (and OT) can be given to clear fluid out of cows uterus |
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Why dos estrogencause luteolysis and aborttion in cows and dogs?
Why dnt we use it in dogs |
It pushes them back into proestrus
Uterine pathology and BM suppression |
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FSH is big or small protein
Tell me about alpha and beta subunits |
Big
The alpha subunit is the same for fsh, lh, and tsh, its the beta that determines is activity |
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What kind of hormone is LH
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Large glycoprotein
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What three hormones all act as LH and result in ovulation? These can be used to treat COD
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GnRH
LH hCG |
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eCG aka ________ acts as FSH in all animals except the
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eCG =PMSG.
Acts as FSH in all animals except in horses it is LH |
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What glyocrpotein has the same aa sequence as LH
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eCG
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The beta subunit of eCG is coded for by the same...
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By the same gebpne as LHbeta
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hCG has ______ like activity and is used exclusively to cause what
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LH activity andcauses ovulation in all species
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What are the 4 large protein drugs and ehat are their three side effects
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Fsh lh ecg and hcg
Rapidly degrade Generate an immune response Questionable purity of preparation |
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When does estrus begin endocrinologically?
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LH peak...but it can actually occur up to five days after it
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True or false. Cytological estrus can actually occur anywhere in the ten days surrounding thr LH peak
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True
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When does ovulation occur
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2-3 days after the LH Surge
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When does fertilization take place?
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2-3 days after fertilization
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Whats the optimum day of fertilization?
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Day 5 aka 4 days before D1
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Hiw many days after LH surge/estrus begins does optimum fertilization take place?
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5-6
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When does vagina switch over to parabasal cells?
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8-9 days after LH
Noncornified cells with neutriphils that are finally able to invade again |
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When does progesterone peak?
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30 days after LH surge
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Breedingbetween 1 and 6 days of estrus rwsukts in high conception rates. What is the period of POTENTIAL fertility?
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There is a 10 day window for potential fertility
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How long is the potential fertiloty period in dogs
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10 days
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If critical timing is necessary, when should we AI a dog
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4-5 days after LH peak
Or 3 days after progesterone increaees over 2 |
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Do we use estrogens or LH to determine time of breeding?
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We can do an LH ELISA in house (usually we do progesterone levels instead) but estrogen is of no value
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When does ovulation occur
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2-3 days after LH peak
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When does peak fertilization occur
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2-3 days after ovulation aka 5-6 days after estrus begins
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What day is optimum/peak fertilization?
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Day five aka four days before D1
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When does optimum fertilization and embryo survival (# of pups per CL) occur?
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Day five aka four days before D1
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True or fale. Gestation length will vary whener breeding date is used as thr starting point of gestation
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True
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When are canine fetuses palpable
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Day 30
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Fibrinogen and pregnancy test
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Fibrinogen >300 mg is 100% pregnant
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After what day is fibrinogen >300 accurate for pregnancy?
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21-30
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What other hormone could we check level sof to tell us of the dog is pregnant(again at days 20-30)
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Relaxin.
Just like the is an ELISA for LH, there is one for relaxin too!!, |
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What kinf of test do wr run to test relaxin levels at day 20-30?
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ELISA
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Hat is ReproCHEK?
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A relaxin ELISA that you can run in house at 20-30 days
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Whats the max number of days we allow for "normal gestation" when all we have to work iwith is the day of breeding?
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72. We expect her to whelp between 57-72 days of breeding
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Megastrol is called
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Ovaban
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What are three progestin contraceptives in dogs
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Megasteol
Medroxyprogesterone acetate Proligestone |
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Side effect of megastrol and medroxyprogesterone acetate?
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Megastrol = mega fatty
Medroxyprogesterone acetate --> too many pyo and tit tumors |
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Luteolysis is a normal mechanism in the dog. True or false.
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False. We can force luteolysis via prostaglandin to cause abortion but its not a normal process
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What do we use to induce abortion in the bitch--estrogen mismate shot or prostaglandin?
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Prostaglandins. Estrogen causes uterine dz
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Can prolactin inhibitors cause abortion in dogs?
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Yeah, they disrupt prolactin which is required for progesterone peoduction. This resukts in luteolysis
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What is the proper name for RU486?
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Mefpristone
Its sister drug is agelpristpne |
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Can prolactin inhibitors cause abortion in dogs?
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Yeah, they disrupt prolactin which is required for progesterone peoduction. This resukts in luteolysis
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What is the proper name for RU486?
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Mefpristone
Its sister drug is agelpristpne |
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How do mef and agelpristone work to cause abortion
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They bind Progesterone receptors so progesterone cant. This results in abortion cause the body dosnt think it has progesterone anymore
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How do mef and agelpristone work to cause abortion
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They bind Progesterone receptors so progesterone cant. This results in abortion cause the body dosnt think it has progesterone anymore
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What is the hormnal profile of pseudopregnancy
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Decreased progesterone and increased prolactin
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What is the hormnal profile of pseudopregnancy
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Decreased progesterone and increased prolactin
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Is herpes worse for the bitch or the fetuses?
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Herpes causes in utero deaths and causes a mild to inapparwnt disease in adults.
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True or false. Most vaginal hyperplasia occurs just caudal to the urethral orifice
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False. Vaginal hyperplasia usually occurs just cranial to the urethral orifice, and can be seen protruding theu the vulva sometimes
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What are the three types of vaginal hyperplasia
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Type I no protrusion
Type II may protrude Type III donut-shaped mass = prolapse of the entire vaginal circumference |
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What hormone is CEH and pyometra due to?
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Repeated exposure to progesterone
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Does pyometra tend to occur in older multiparous bitches or younger ones?
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Older
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Does SIPS tend to occur in younger or older bitches?
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Younger
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Is herpes worse for the bitch or the fetuses?
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Herpes causes in utero deaths and causes a mild to inapparwnt disease in adults.
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True or false. Estrogen increases the risk of pyometra
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True
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True or false. Most vaginal hyperplasia occurs just caudal to the urethral orifice
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False. Vaginal hyperplasia usually occurs just cranial to the urethral orifice, and can be seen protruding theu the vulva sometimes
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One of the treatments for pyometra is breeding at the next estrus. True or false.
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True
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What are the three types of vaginal hyperplasia
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Type I no protrusion
Type II may protrude Type III donut-shaped mass = prolapse of the entire vaginal circumference |
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What can you give to treat pseudopregnancy?
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Prolactin inhibitors
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What hormone is CEH and pyometra due to?
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Repeated exposure to progesterone
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Does pyometra tend to occur in older multiparous bitches or younger ones?
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Older
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Does SIPS tend to occur in younger or older bitches?
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Younger
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True or false. Estrogen increases the risk of pyometra
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True
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One of the treatments for pyometra is breeding at the next estrus. True or false.
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True
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What can you give to treat pseudopregnancy?
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Prolactin inhibitors
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