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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TB irritation causes
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Cough
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TB obstruction causes
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Dyspnea, exercise intolerance
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Canine infectious tracheobronchitis better known as kennel cough, is associated with which three organisms
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Bordetella
Parainfluenza Adenovirus2 |
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Of the three agents that are associated with kennel cough/ITB, which are part of core vaccines?
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Parainluenza and adenovirus
DA2PP = core canine vaccine = distemper, adeno2, parainfluenza, parvo |
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Remember with herpes or caliciviral URIs in cats he said we dont have to do crazy diagnostic workups? Same thing for ITB. True or false
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True
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A dog with ITB will present as systemically ill and feverish. True or false.
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False. A simple case of kennel cough will be a coughing dog that is otherwise BAR
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In theory, antibiotics are not needed to treat kennel cough (because your major players are adenovirus and parainfluenza), however, youre not going to send a coughing dog home without them so what are two good options to choose between?
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Doxy
Clavamox (just in case bordetella is involved) |
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ITB is normally a self-limiting disease and has an excellent prognosis. Teue or false
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True
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Besides doxy or clavamox, what kind of drug might you send a kennel cough dog home with?
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Cough suppressant...
Hydrocodone Butorphanol (pathetic analgesic, great cough suppressant!) |
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True or false. ITB is nicknamed kennel cough because it is so highly infectious that "if one dog has it the whole kennel will get it"
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True
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Who gets collapsing trachea, big dogs or small dogs?
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Small
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Who gets collapsing trachea, skinny small dog or fat small dog
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The chunker
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Where is the trachea located on radiograph, dorsal or ventral to the esophagus?
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Ventral
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What kind of cough do collapsing tracheas have?
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Goose honking, nonproductive
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What part of the trachea collapses on inspiration?
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Cervical
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What part of the trachea collapses on expiration?
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Thoracic (maybe even the mainstem bronchi)
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If you have a trachea predisposed to collapse and you add some lwft atrial enlargement on top of it, it gets worse. Why?
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Because the LA compresses thr bronchi AND causes pulmonary edema.
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If youve got a dog with collapsing trachea and upper airway obstruction that sucks. What condition is described by stenotic nares and a long soft palate?
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BAS
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So if we have a cervical esophagus collapsing on inspiration, that is intra or extrathoracic?
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Extrathoracic because the cervical trachea is not in the thorax
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When does the intrathoracic esophagus collapse?
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During expiration
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Treatment for larpar and collapsing trachea are basically the same. T or F
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True
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Interventional radiology...whatever that means....what can you do surgically? Radiographically?
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You can do extratracheal prosthesis for cervical esophagus collapse
Or you can do an intralumenal stent but those cost $2000 just to buy so youll prob reserve that for dogs that are about to die without it |
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True or false. Surgery is the best option for larpar and collapsing trachea.
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No. Treat collapsing trachea medically unless its a real crazy bad case, which it usually isnt
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Feline bronchitis is in one word...
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Asthma
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Key features of fel bronchitis/asthma are (6)
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Inflamm
Hyperreactivity Mucus Bronchoconstriction Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy Fibrosis and emphysema |
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Asthma is no fun. The cat cannot breathe and could die. What are some irritants that trigger an asthma attack?
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Infections
Allergens like mold Smoke |
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Inflamm, mucus, airway constriction all lead to obstruction.
Whats the rule when the lumen size is cut in half? |
Air flow increases sixteen-fold!
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Is bronchitis upper or lower airway dz?
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Lower
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What do we see with lower airway disease?
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Expiratory effort
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Wheezes are common in which cat?
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Asthmatic cat
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A cat comes in with expiratory wheezes. You take a Chest film and it look normal. The cat has expiratory wheezes. Do ypu eule out asthma?
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No!
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A cat comes in with expiratory wheezes nyou do a cbc and she does not have eosinophilia. The cat has expiratory wheezes ndo you rule asthma out?
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No!
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What is the classic lung pattern for asthma?
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Bronchial = donuts and tram lines
(the bronchioles are so inflamed their walls are thicker. On cross section this looks like a donut. On side view (way to know my descriptive words) they look like tram lines) |
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Heartworm is suspected to contribute to feline bronchitis/asthma. Do cats get loaded with adult heartworms? What implications does this have?
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Cats only get one or two adult heartworms when theyre infected
The heartworm antigen we look for on our test is for female heartworm. Cat could easily test false neg for antigen if she didnt have any females or only had one in her = low antigen load |
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Which lung lobe likes to get plugged up with mucus and collapse?
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Right middle
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You have to give an asthmatic cat anti inflammatories. True or false.
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True. Airway inflammation is findamental in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Kfor your newly diagnosed asthmatic patient are you going to send the owner home with $100 worth of inhalation steroid or a $5 bottle of oral pred first?
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Do oral steroids first because are super cheap and we dont know if steroids are even gonna help this cat or not!
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So lets say tis asthmatic cat responded great to the steroids. Describe her daily maintenance therapy
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Inhalant steroids sid
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What do you keep inhalant albuterol on hand for?
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Flare ups. Its a bronchodilator.
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True or false. Feline bronchitis is a self limiting disease.
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False. Witout treatment, permanent changes are likely.
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What is the key feature of chronic canine bronchitis? The key one.
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Chronic cough. Months to years!
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Are CCB dogs usually systemically ill?
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No
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True or false. CCB dogs respond great to bronchodilators and anti inflammatories.
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False. Minimal response to bronchodilators. Some response to antiinflammatories.
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Do you see mucus and inflammation with both canine and feline bronchitis?
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Yes
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With chronicity, canine bronchitis will cause what intramural feature?
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Bronchiectasis (collapse)
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Small dogs get larpar, bronchitis, amd collapsing tracheas. Trrue or false.
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False. They get collapsing tracheas and bronchitis. They do not get larpar.
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Do CCBs show signs of systemic illness?
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No
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True or false. If you see a dyspneic dog, the first thing you should think is canine chronic bronchitis.
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False. Thats a very very abnormal, end stage sign. CCBs are not dyspnic, they just cough a lot.
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What are the three words to describe the lung sounds you hear on a CCB dog?
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Increased bronchovesicular sounds
Wheezes Crackles |
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What is the defonition of chronic canine bronchitis?
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Dog that coughs almost every day for at least 2 months without any other disease going on.
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Are radiographic changes required for the diagnosis of CCB?
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No. Same story for feline bronchitis.
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What three main things do you see on rads of CCB?
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Bronchial pattern
Bronchiectasis Right ventricular enlargement |
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Whats bronchiectasis look like?
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Really dilated bronchioles
Honeycombing |
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Why would chronic bronchitis cause right ventrivular hypertrophy?
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Secondary to pulmonary hypertension
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Do a bronchoscopy on a dog with chronic bronchitis. Whats the mucosa going to look like on that camera?
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Red (erythematous)
Granular Nodular |
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True or false. You might see some eosinophilic inflammation with chronic bronchitis.
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True
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Are you going to culture many organisms from a CCB dog?
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Prob no more than you would a normal dog. This is not an nfectious disease.
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What do you treat the possibility of bordetella with?
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Doxy
Azithromycin |
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Whats the best med we have for CCB, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, or antibiotics?
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Corticosteroids at anti inflammatory doses
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Hat are you going to try treating a CCB dog with first before committing him to a life on steroids?
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Inhalant brpnchodilators and some antibiotics.
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True or false. A good bronchoalveolar lavage brings up a foamy fluid.
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True. You did a good job. (foamy macrophages)
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Dog has an avute cough but is otherwise BAR. Whats he have and what are you going to send him home with?
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ITB and some cough suppressants and doxy or azithro
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A cat has expiratory wheezes. What lung pattern do ypu expect on radiograph and what meds are you sending hwr hone with?
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Bronchiolar
Oral steroids (pred) at anti inflammatory doses |
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Hypothyroidism is associated with what upper airway disease in dogs?
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Lar par
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If you see bronchiectasis on a dogs chest film what CS do you expect him to have?
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A chronic cough
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If theres a small white dog honking at you what should you do?
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Take a film amd look at her trachea.
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When you look for megaesophagus are ypu looking dorsal or ventral to. The trachea?
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Dorsal
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When do you see expiratory wheezes in a cat?
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Asthma
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What do we give bronchitis animals first--oral or inhalant steroids?
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Oral, theyre cheaper and we can see of steroids will even work
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What infectious diseaseis associated with feline asthma?
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Heartworm
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Teue or false. We expect a bronchial pattern with feline and canine bronchitis.
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True
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True pr false. Anti inflammatory doses of corticosteroids are important in curbing the severity of ollapsing trachea, feline bronchitis, and chronic canine bronchitis.
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True
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What are maintenance drugs for asthmatic cats?
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Inhalant steroids sid and inhalant albuterol as needed
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What are emergency drugs for a cat in an asthmatic crisis?
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Dexamethasone
Albuterol mdi Terbutaline |
