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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two functions of the ovary?
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generate mature oocytes; produce steroid hormones
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The peritoneum covering the ovary and attaching it to the broad ligament forms what?
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mesovarium
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This part of the ovary consists of loose connective tissue with smooth muscle, nerves, large blood vessels and lymphatics?
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Medulla
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What kind of epithelium covers the ovary (cortex)?
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simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium
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What part of the ovary is the origin of the vast majority of malignant tumors?
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surface epithelium
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This is the functional unit of the ovary and consits of the oocyte surrounded by epithelial cells (follicle cells/granulosa cells)?
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ovarian follicle
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What do the follicular cells all sit on?
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basement membrane
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This is the outermost layer of the stroma of the ovary and is more fibrous?
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tunica albuginea
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Where do germ cells originate from?
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yolk sac
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What are the three lineages that the gonads rise from?
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yolk sac; intermediate mesoderm; coelimec epithelium
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What are the oogonia which proliferate by mitosis after migrating to the gonadal ridge connected to each other by?
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intercellular bridges
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What phase are the primary oocytes stalled at at birth?
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prophase of meiosis 1
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where do the follicular cells which surround the primary oocyte come from?
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coelemic epithelium >> or cortical sex cords
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Define a primordial follicle?
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oocyte + surrounding follicular cells
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TRUE/FALSE At birth all oocytes are arrested in prophase of meiosis 1?
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TRUE;
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About how many oocytes will actually be ovulated?
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< 500
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Is the inside of a follicle vascular or avascular?
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avascular (blood vessels do not cross its basal lamina)
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This phase of follicular development is the most abundant, with a single layer of flattened follicular cells?
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Primordial
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What do the follicular cells in the primordial follicle secrete?
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nourishment and oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI)
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This phase of follicular development is characterized by formation of the zona pellucida, and changing from follicular cells to granulosa cells?
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Growing follicle
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In the growing follicle, what links the granulosa cells and the oocyte, facilitating transfer of messages and materials?
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Gap Junctions
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This is the glycoprotein-rich layer between the oocyte and the follicular/granulosa cells?
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zona pellucida
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This liquid is secreted by the granulosa cell and has a high concentration of estrogen and hyaluronic acid, and is found in the vesicular follicle
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liqour folliculi
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This phase of follicular development is characterized by antrum formation as well as theca folliculi surrounding the follicule?
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Mature (graafian) follicle
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In the graafian follicle, the oocyte is on one side of the antrum and is surrounded by these?
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cumulus oophorus
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This part of the theca folliculi secretes the estrogen precursor
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Theca interna
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What occurs to all growing and vesicular follicles because of the lack of hormones required for continued growth?
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death by atresia
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The cyclic recruitment seen after puberty is the result of what?
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increased FSH levels
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What determines which of the 5-15 follicles will be chosen and ovulated?
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the one with the most FSH receptors, as FSH drops it will be the only one to survive
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What mediates follicular atresia which leads to the demise of ovarian follicles?
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granulosa cells
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Around what average age are all the oocytes gone at?
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51.3
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Describe the morphological changes which occur at the ovary during ovulation?
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cortex thins over the follicle; avascular spot appears; follicle bursts through
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What occurs to the oocyte during ovulation?
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completes meiosis 1 to become secondary oocyte; arrested at metaphase of meiosis 2
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What can occur of the follicle fails to rupture and the ovary does not reabsorb the fluid?
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ovarian cysts
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What creates the corpus luteum?
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thecal cells and the remaining granulosa cells after follicular rupture
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Increasing blood levels of what hormones initiate the folliculat phase?
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LH and FSH
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What cells produce estrogen in the follicle?
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granulosa cells
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What are the effect of estrogen release from the follicle?
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negatively inhibit the GnRH; FSH decreases but LH stays the same until mid-cycle; Estrogen causes LH surge
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What is the fundamental reason for the LH surge?
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a shift from negative to positive feedback in the hypothalamus senses estrogen as a stimulation and increases GnRH
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What hormonal change is the driving force for ovulation?
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LH surge
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What does the corpus luteum produce after stimulation from LH?
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progesterone, estrogen and inhibin
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What happens to the corpus luteum if pregancy doesn’t occur?
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progesterone suppresses LH, corpus luteum becomes less sensitive to LH, progesterone and estrogen decline; hypothalamus is released from suppresion; GnRH rise, Corpus Luteum degrades
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What keeps the corpus luteum alive if pregnancy occurs?
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hCG
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Hypothalamic sensitivity of estrogen is higher in the adult or child?
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child (inhibition of hypothalamus is easier)
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What happens to women undergoing menopause?
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no more follicles; decline in estrogen/progesterone; reproductive organs atrophy
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What are the 4 segments of the uterine tubes?
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infundibulum; ampulla; isthmus; uterine
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What are the most frequent site of ectopic implantation?
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uterine tubes
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What are the three leayers of the uterine tubes?
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mucosa, muscularis, and serosa
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What cells are found on the mucosa of the unterine tubes?
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simple cuboidal (ciliated and non-ciliated PEG)
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Peg cells have cilia or microvilli on their surface?
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Microvilli
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The ratio of ciliated cells to secretory cells is higher during what phase (follicular or luteal)?
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Follicular
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What is the predominant cell type during the luteal phase within the uterine tubes?
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secretory
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