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8 Cards in this Set
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AO1: Intrasexual selection |
1) This is mate competition. 2)This is when members from one sex (usually men) compete with each other for the access to members of the opposite sex. The victors are able to mate and so pass on their genes to their offspring, whereas the looser do not. 3) Whatever the traits are for the winners that lead them to success, will be passed on to the next generation. |
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AO1: Intersexual selection |
1) This is mate choice. 2) This is when a form of selection involves one sex choosing someone from the other sex based on their qualities. For example, if women prefer tall males, than one time there would be an increase of tall men in the population. 3) The preferences from one sex determines the areas where the other sex has to compete in. 4) These indicators reveals traits that can be passed on to the offspring and information about the chances of being able to protect and support their offspring. |
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AO1: Short -term mating preferences |
1) Humans have evolved different mating strategies depending on the type of relationship (i.e short term or long term) 2) According to the parental investment theory, men evolved a greater desire for casual sex and would seek sex earlier in the relationship. 3) Over the period of one year, for example, a man is able to have sex and impregnate many women which would have passed on more copies of his genes compared to a less successful male. On the other hand, a woman who has had sex with the same number of men and in the same time period can only carry one child. 4) In contrast to women, men seem to lower their standards when short-term mating is involved and then there attraction towards them following the sexual intercourse is decreased. |
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AO1: Long-term mating preferences |
1) In long-term mating, both sexes invest heavily in any offspring. Due to this, sexual selection should favour high levels of choosiness in both sexes. Poor long-term mating could be disastrous as they could've wasted their valuable resources. Since women have an obligatory biological investment in their children, they are usually very particular in their choice of mate. This means being attracted to males who 1) are able to invest resources. 2) are able to physically protect. 3) show promise as a good parent. 4) are suffienetty compatible. However, males are also picky with mates and they usually look for a fertile women (an indication of their reproductive value) |
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AO2: A strength for sexual selection is... |
The importance of fertility in mate choice is very key, however, how do males know when the female is oestrous? In most species, the females send out chemical signals ir a variety of visual signs, however, in human females the oestrous is hidden. Moreover, there has been some research conducted in the US where it is suggested that men are more attracted to women who are at their highest stage of their menstrual cycle. Researchers calculated the amount of tips earned by lap dancers at varying stages of their cycle. Those who were at their highest point earned almost twice the value as to those who were not in their cycle. |
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AO2: A weakness for short term mating is... |
There is gender bias in the research as most of it is conducted and suggested that men are more interested in casual sex and several partners, however, without the willingness of women, men would have never been able to evolve this trait. Despite the fact that short-term mating has a considerable cost for women, there must also be some benefits. Greiling and buss (2000) suggest that women can profit in many ways such as leaving a poor-quality relationship (mate switching) or as a way of producing more genetically diverse offspring. |
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AO2: A strength for long-term mating is... |
There is supportive evidence that there are universal sex differences in long-term dating preferences suggested by Buss. Buss explored what males and females looked for in a marriage partner. The study involved 10,000 people from 57 different cultures. The main results were as follows: 1) Women more than men looked for a partner with good financial prospects. This means that they desire men with resources or qualities that are linked to reserve acquisition, such as ambition. 2) Men placed more impotence on the physical attractiveness. Recent research suggests that a woman physical state provides a wealth pf cues to a woman's health and hence her fertility. 3) Men universally wanted mate who were younger than them - an explanation how men value fertility as extremely important. 4) In both sexes they wanted mates who were intelligent, kind and dependable. |
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AO2: A weakness for Buss's survey is... |
The validity of his survey is a problem as it gives us an indication of expressed preferences rather than being a reflection of what really happens in real life. |
