Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the four Sexual Disorders?
|
1) Sexual Desire Disorders
2) Sexual Arousal Disorders 3) Orgasm Disorders 4) Sexual Pain Disorders |
|
What is the Sexual Response Cycle?
|
Desire Phase (sexual urges form) -->
Arousal Phase (psychological experience of sexual arousal, vasocongestion + myotonia begin in sex orgasms) --> Plataea Phase (high but stable level of excitement before orgasm) --> Orgasm Phase (ejaculation of semen + muscle contractions of vaginal walls and uterus) --> Resolution Phase (decreased arousal) |
|
What are Sexual Dysfunctions?
|
A set of disorders in which people have difficulty responding sexually or experiencing sexual pleasure
-dysfunction must be semi-frequent and cause distress and/or interpersonal difficulty |
|
What is Hypoactive Disorder?
|
-Characterized by little to no sexual desire
-Lifelong/generalizedsexual desire disorder = chronic over course of lifetime -Acquired hypoactive sexual desire= An aversion that has recently developed -Situational sexual desire disorder: An aversion to sexual acts performed within a specificsituation |
|
What is Sexual Aversion Disorder?
|
-Activelyavoiding sexual activities
-May experience acute anxiety or feeling of illness during/after sexualact |
|
What is Female Sexual Arousal Disorder?
|
Recurrent inability to reach arousal
|
|
What is Male Erectile Disorder?
|
Recurrent inability to maintain full erection
|
|
What is Female Orgasmic Disorder?
|
(aka Anorgasmia): Recurrentdelay or the complete absence of orgasm; greater among postmenopausal women
|
|
What is Premature Ejaculation?
|
Persistent ejaculation with minimal stimulation
|
|
What is Dyspareunia?
|
Genital pain during intercourse
|
|
What is Vaginismus?
|
Involuntary contraction of outer third of muscles in the vagina
|
|
What are the biological causes of sexual dysfunction?
|
-due to general medical condition (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord/ANS injury)
-due to hormonal imbalance (in men, low levels of testosterone, high levels of estrogen; in women, low levels of estrogen) -due to prescription and/or over-the-counter meds -use of recreational drugs/alcohol: substance-induced sexual dysfunction |
|
What are psychological causes of sexual dysfunction?
|
-depression or effects of antidepressants
-attitudes and cognition: negative attitudes toward sex; cultural values about sex; performance anxiety (most common factor to affect male sexual functioning) -trauma: grief/personal attack/sexual assault; challenging life circumstances (e.g. low ses) -interpersonal/socio-cultural factors: conflicts between partners about their sexual activity; imbalance of power in relationship; lack of communication |
|
What are cultural factors related to sexual dysfunction?
|
-differences in cultural beliefs about the healthiness of some sexual activities
e.g. traditional Ayervedic texts express that men should avoid losing semen unnecessarily in order to stay healthy e.g. Koro: anxiety or fear that the penis is retreating into the body |
|
What are some biological treatments for sexual dysfunction?
|
-treatment of medical condition causing disorder
-Viagra/Cialis/Levitra specifically for erectiledysfunction -Hormone-replacementtherapy |
|
What are some psychotherapy and sex therapies for sexual dysfunction?
|
-Individual and/or Couples Therapy
-Sex Therapy: Focuseson the issues involved in sexual dysfunction; learning how to provide and receive sexual pleasure/masturbationtechniques |
|
What are the different types of therapies/techniques involved in Sex Therapy?
|
-SensateFocus Therapy: Coupleis instructed to engage in physical exploration of the body without reachingclimax, focusing on experiencing sensations; onepartner is active and the other partner receives the pleasure.
-Techniquesfor treating Premature Ejaculation: Stop-starttechnique (stop stimulation of penisjust before climax); squeezetechnique (when a person nears climax, atight squeeze is applied which reduces erection); these techniquesteach self-control -Techniquesfor treating Vaginismus: insert object intovagina and practice relaxation techniques |
|
What are Paraphilias?
|
When sexual activities are the focus of:
1) Nonhumanobjects 2) Nonconsentingadults 3) Suffering/humiliation 4) Prepubescentchildren -many of these sexual acts or urges are seen as "deviant" forms of gratification |
|
What is Fetishism?
|
-Use of nonhuman objects for sexual arousal or gratification (ex: leather gloves); they desire the object itself (ex: the glove on the hand, not the hand itself or the person)
-more common in men |
|
What is Transvestic Fetishism?
|
Dressingin or fondling clothing items symbolic of the opposite sex (ex: a bra)
|
|
What is Transvestism?
|
An individual may engage in “cross dressing” forreasons other than sexual pleasure. (Differentiated from transvestic fetishism)
|
|
What is Sadomasochism?
|
(Sexual Sadism) Fantasies/urges/behaviors that involveinflicting pain and/or humiliation onsex partner
|
|
What is Sexual Masochism?
|
Fantasies/urges/behaviors involve having painand/or humiliation inflicted on selfby sex partner
|
|
What is Voyeurism?
|
Sexual arousal occurs while watching anon-consenting individual while nude as a preferred form of sexual arousal.
|
|
What is Exhibitionism?
|
Obtainssexual gratification by exposing genitalia to non-consenting individuals.
|
|
What is Frotteurism?
|
Individualgains sexual gratification by rubbing against and/or fondling non-consentingindividuals; can co-occur with voyeurism andexhibitionism
|
|
What is Pedophilia?
|
Individualgains sexual pleasure by engaging in sexual acts with underage and/ornon-consenting individuals
|
|
What is Gender Identity Disorder?
|
Youngadults hold a gender identity that is not the same gender identified by theirsex organs; the individual rejects theiranatomic sex; often wears clothing of theopposite gender, but not for sexual gratification
-Sexual orientation is not a factorin this disorder. -Gender Identity: This is one’s ownperception if they are a female or male. |
|
What is the main biological theory of paraphilias?
|
Alterations in the development of the CNS (central nervous system?)
|
|
What are the behavioral theories for paraphilias?
|
-Operant Conditioning: pairing of an inappropriate stimulus with masturbation reinforces desire
-Social Learning Theory: observing high levels of aggression andimpulsivity in childhood home makes an individual more likely to engage inaggressive and impulsive behaviors later in life |
|
What are some treatments for Paraphilias?
|
-Castration (reduces levels of testosterone)
-Prescription of antiandrogens (reduces levels of testosterone) -Satiation Therapy: masturbating to orgasm while fantasizing about appropriate sexual situations -Covert Sensitization (Aversion Therapy): patient is exposed to pain/unpleasant images while viewing images of stimulus they were initially attracted to |