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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is required for a hospital to be considered trauma 1
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24hr availability of all subspecialties
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Pt has mucopurulent discharge and inflammation of the conjunctiva and their eyes are stuck together what do they have going on
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Bacterial Conjunctivitis
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What is the best tx for bacterial conjunctivitis
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Poly-Trim opth gtts
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If your pt has bacterial conjunctivitis and is a contact wearer what do you need to add coverage for
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pseudomonas with quinolone
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If you suspect the bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by neisserial what tx should you give
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urgent referral and Rocephin IM and oral doxy to cover for possible concomitant chlamydial infection
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Pt has recently had an URI and now has an eye infection what is the likely etiology
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viral
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What is the tx for viral conjunctivitis
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cool compresses, naphcon A, artificial tears
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Patient has ocular discharge and itching what are they likely suffering from
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allergic conjunctivitis
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What is the tx for allergic conjunctivitis
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Cool compresses, Topical antihistamines/decongestants/mast cell stabilizers
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Pt has dendrites that show up on fluorescein staining of the cornea what are they likely suffering from
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HSV keratitis
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Why don't you want to miss HSV keratitis
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it can progress to corneal scarring and requires prompt tx with antiviral (Viroptic) if outbreak is less than 4 days old could also use acyclovir
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T/F steroids are helpful in tx of HSV keratitis
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F NO topical steroids
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IF pt presents with shingles on their face what do you need to do
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make sure you do an eye exam looking for herpes in the cornea
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What is the most common cause of preseptal/periorbital cellulitis
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staph aureus
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T/F preseptal cellulitis is most common in adults
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F it is most common in kids
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T/F preseptal cellulitis has extensive involvement of the eye its self
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F eye itself is not involved but the structures surrounding the eye are
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Would you send a kid home if they came in with a preseptal cellulitis
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no admit them for IV Ab and pediatric consult
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what is the difference between orbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis
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orbital cellulitis will have involvement of the eye. EOM impairment, pain, fever, proptosis where preseptal cellulitis will not have these findings
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How can you detect a corneal ulcer
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use fluorescein dye
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Why do you need to aggressively treat a corneal ulcer
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if it is caused by pseudomonas it can destroy a cornea in 6-12 hrs tx with topical fluoroquinolone
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Pt has come in for the third time with an unexplained subconjunctival hemorrhage what may this indicate
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may be first indication that their INR is out of whack from anticoagulants
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You have just put fluorescein dye in your pt eye and see vertical scratches you suspect a corneal abrasions what should you do apart from looking in the eye itself
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flip the eyelid with a cotton swab
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T/F every corneal abrasion needs to be patched for proper healing
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F abrasion will heal with or without patch abrasions from organic sources have potential for fungal infections don't patch them
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IF pt has a corneal foreign body how can you remove it
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use an 18gauge needle and scrape it out gently
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If the foreign body was metal and it has left a rust ring what do you need to do
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drill or buff out the rust ring
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T/F a lid laceration less than 1mm will heal on its own
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T they don't need stitching
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If the lid laceration is a full thickness laceration what needs to happen
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Pt needs referral to have ophthalmologist repair within 24hrs
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If a pt has a blunt trauma of the face and a hyphema present what do you need to get
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ophthalmology consult.
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If you do a EOM test on a pt with a blunt trauma and they can't look up what might be happening
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entrapment of the eye because of a blowout fracture
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T/F the pupil peaks away from the site of penetration or rupture of the globe
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F it peaks toward site of penetration or rupture
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What is the first test you should perform on a stable pt with blunt trauma
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visual acuity
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If you suspect a ruptured globe what should you do for the pt
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get an emergency consult and metal shield check tetanus and get them IV Ab
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Where is the most common location for a blowout fracture
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inferior wall and medial wall
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What x-ray view is best for visualization of blowout fx
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water's view
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Is a blowout fracture an emergency or outpt referral
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outpt referral generally
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T/F a chemical injury to the eye is urgent not an emergency
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F it is an emergency especially alkali burns because they are generally not painful and can rapidly penetrate the cornea and damage the iris/lens
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What is the tx for chemical splash in the eye
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irrigate, irrigate, irrigate check ph and irrigate some more until ph is 7.5-8 then check for particulate matter, corneal clouding, or epithelial defects
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What is a common cause of spontaneous hyphema
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sickle cell anemia
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Pt present with a hyphema what do you want to check
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elevate pts head and check IOP instill mydriatic to avoid pupillary play
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What education should you give a pt about hyphema before sending them home
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that it may rebleed in 3-5 days and if so IOP could increase needing a surgical wash out of anterior chamber
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You perform a slit lamp exam on a pt and notice superficial punctate keratitis what is the likely cause
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UV damage to the eye from welding, sun tanning, or Snowblindness
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What is the tx for UV keratitis
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cycloplegic, Ab ointment, oral analgesic consider a pressure patch and refer to ophthalmologist
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Pts presents with cloudy vision, eye ache/pain, HA and N/V You check the IOP and find that it is 50 what is likely going on
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acute angle closure glaucoma
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What is the tx for acute angle closure glaucoma
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miotics (pilocarpine), reduce aqueous humor formation with beta blockers (Timoptic), Alpha agonist (loridine), and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) and reduce vomiting volume with mannitol
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pt complains of HA and sensitivity when they touch the side of their head they are a 65 y/o female with fever, fatigue and anorexia
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Temporal Arteritis
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What is the tx for temporal arteritis
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IV steroids, and Ophthalmology Consult for temporal artery biopsy
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What cranial nerve is affected in bells palsy
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CN 7 Facial nerve
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What is the tx for bell's palsy
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eye lubricants, consider oral steroids or antiviral (acyclovir) and refer to ophthalmologist for cornea monitoring
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What is Horner's syndrome
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ipsilateral ptosis, myosis, and anhidrosis from interruption of sympathetic nerve innervation
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IF pt has Horner's syndrome and neck pain what do you need to r/o
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carotid artery dissection
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Pt has papilledema what does this indicated typically (in general)
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Increased intracranial pressure
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What conditions can cause papilledema
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malignant HTN, pseudotumor cerebri, intracranial tumors, hydrocephalus
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If pt has unilateral papilledema what is the likely cause
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Optic nerve edema, papillitis not from elected ICP
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What is the tx for pseudotumor cerebri
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weight loss, serial Lumbar Punctures, and diuretics
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