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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the state of protection from infectious disease
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Immunity
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What are the two divisions of innate immunty and adaptive immunity
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cellular and humoral
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-non specific or natural immunity
-1st line of defense -non-specific/ non adaptive to pathogen exposure -External and internal defense systems -Immeadiately available |
Innate immunity
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cellular involvement of innate immunity incolves? (4)
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nuetros, eos, baso, monos. NOT lymphs
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humoral involvement of innate immunity
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complement (alternate) pathway
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-specific or acquired immunity
-high degree of specificity -adaptive immune response (immunologic memory) -memory response with 2nd response being quicker and stronger -self/ non-self recognition |
Adaptive immunity
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cellular involvement of adaptive immunity
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-lymphocytes (T memory cells)
-B cells (B- memory and plasma cells) |
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humoral involvement of adaptive immunity
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- antibodies
- complement (classic) pathway |
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Interactive network 1st and 2nd line of defense is which type of immunity?
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innate immunity
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3rd line of defense is which type of immunity?
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adaptive immunity
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Two types of immunity
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Innate and adaptive
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1st line of defense of defense includes what two components
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physical & biochemical component
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physical components of innate immunity include...
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intact skin, mucous membrances, cilia, cough/reflect sneeze
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biochemical components of innate immunity include...
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secretions: sweat, saliva, tears
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Innate immunity mechanisms of external defense. (1st line)
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physical components and biochemichal components
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Innate immunity mechanisms of internal defense. (2nd line)
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cellular components and humoral/biochemical components
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cellular components of innate immunity include? (7)
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nuetro, monos, tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, eos, basos, NK cells
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Humoral/biochemical components of innate INTERNAL defense includes?
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-complement (alternate) pathway
-cytokines -acute inflammatory reactions |
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signal more potent cells to site of injury or inflammationa and includes interluekins (IL) and interferons (INF)
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cytokines
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name the 5 steps of phagocytosis in innate immunty internal defense
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1. attachment of bacterium
2. ingestion 3. fusion and release of lysosomal enzymes 4. digestion 5. release of digested products |
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in phagocytosis, when the some and the cell are in ingestion what are they now called?
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phagolysosome
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-predominant cell in circulation
-usually 1st phagocytic WBC at site of injury/ infection - stimulated by presence of ab or inactivated complement components |
Neutrophils
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-can also be found in tissues as macrophages
-have digestive vacuoles -fine granules w/ peroxidase, acid phosphotase, B- glucoronidase, lysozymes, and lipase -predominant cell at inflimmation site in LATE stage of reaction |
monocytes
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-increased endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes
- longer life span - tissue locations(aveolar, kuppfer cells, microglial, histocytes) |
Tissue macrophages (monocytes)
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-most potent
-highest endocytic activity |
dendritic cells
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-large granular lymphocytes
-*plays role in EARLY stages of viral infection and tumorgenisis -INL-2--> anti cancer agent that helps to break down tumors |
NK cells
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-hypersensitivity rxn's
-have surface membrane receptor sites for Fc portion of IgE immunoglobulins -granules: histamine chemoactiv factor, small amount of heparin |
Basophils
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-increased in severe allergic rxn's (like hay fever)
-increased in parasitic infections -nuetralized basophil products |
eosinophils
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-APRs
- Increased synthesis after tissue injury, increased concentration at site of injury and in plasma, increased in wound healing |
innate immunity- soluble factors
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-C reactive protein
- complement -haptoglobin -fibrinogen (APR) - a-1 antitrypsin -ceruloplasmin - serum amyloid A |
innate immunity soluble factors
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-binds to C-polysaccharide wall, found on bacteria and fungi
-increased w/in 4-6 hrs of injury, peaks at 24 hrs. -widely used as indicator of acute inflammation( you wont see it in any chronic condition) -activator of complement pathway |
C- reactive protein
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- risk factor for MI
-gives false negative in latex agg. test -must used 1/5 dilution in latex agg. test |
C- reactive protein
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-group of serum proteins
-circulates inactive, turned on by specific or non- specific immunologic mechanisms - has three different biochemical pathways |
Complement
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name the three different biochemical pathways of complement soluble factor
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1- classical (adaptive)
2. alternate (innate) 3. lectin pathway * all lead to same result* |
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adds something to bacteria that makes it more appealing to the phagocyte for phagocytosis to occur
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opsonization
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-binds irreversibly to free hgb
-increased 2-4x after injury -will at first show a decrease, but later show an increase |
Haptoglobin
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-APR
-increases tensile strength of wound( holds it together like a web) |
Fibrinogen
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-helps clean up enzyme activity
-general plasma inhibitor of protease -counteracts degrading enzyme activity |
a-1 antitrypsin (AAT)
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-copper transfer
-cytochrome C oxidase (phagocytosis) |
ceruloplasmin
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-traffic controller and chemical signaling
-promotes adhesion and chemotaxis of phagocytic cells and lymphocytes |
serum amyloid A
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