Sensory Receptors

Front 1

Sensory receptors

Back 1

Provide info about external and internal environment, respond to stimuli,

Front 2

Transducer

Back 2

Convert stimulus energy into electrical energy.. receptors have a resting membrane potential..

Front 3

Receptor

Back 3

Need receptors to respond, have to transfer to electrical energy

Front 4

General sense receptors

Back 4

Somatic and visceral

Front 5

Somatic sensory receptor

Back 5

Tactile receptors of joints muscles and tendons

Front 6

Visceral sensory receptors

Back 6

In walls of internal organs, monitor strength, chemical environment temperature and pain

Front 7

Special sense receptors

Back 7

5.. complex sense organs of the head, of action, gustation, vision, audition, equilibrium

Front 8

Modality of stimulus

Back 8

5.. chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, nociceptors

Front 9

Chemoreceptors

Back 9

Chemicals dissolved in fluids

Front 10

Thermoreceptor

Back 10

Change in temperature

Front 11

Photoreceptor

Back 11

Changes in light intensity

Front 12

Mechanoreceptors

Back 12

Distortion of cell membrane, mechanical movement

Front 13

Nociceptors

Back 13

Painful stimuli, somatic -external damage to body, visceral-internal organ damage

Front 14

Tactile receptor

Back 14

External, abundant mechanoreceptors, of skin and mucus, tick, wind, anything on skin

Front 15

Tactile meissner corpuscles

Back 15

Really light touch and shape, phasic receptors

Front 16

Phantom pain

Back 16

Sensation of remove body part, cell body still alive, still have memory, now interrupt before removing limb

Front 17

Olfaction

Back 17

Sense of smell, needs moisture, dissolved into air, dissolved into nasal mucus, temporal lobe

Front 18

Olfactory epithelium

Back 18

Sensory receptor organ, olfactory nerves translate to brain

Front 19

Olfactory nerves

Back 19

CN1

Front 20

Olfactory bulbs

Back 20

Must have pair, moisture, temporal lobe, memory in thalumus

Front 21

Gustation

Back 21

Sense of taste, gustatory cells are chemoreceptors CNVII CNIX

Front 22

Vallate

Back 22

Vallate papillae largest, but least numerous on tongue

Front 23

Taste buds

Back 23

Nerve tissues, must dissolve in water, replace quickly

Front 24

Gustary pathway

Back 24

Nueeons project to insula

Front 25

Taste sensations

Back 25

5.. sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami

Front 26

Sweet taste

Back 26

Organic compounds like sugar or sweetner

Front 27

Salt

Back 27

Metal ions like NA and K

Front 28

Sour

Back 28

Acids like vinegar

Front 29

Bitter

Back 29

Alkaloids , make gag, back of tongue, unsweet chocolate

Front 30

Umami

Back 30

Amino acids, meaty flavor

Front 31

Accessory visual structures

Back 31

Eyebrow-nonverbal and sweat control, eyelashes-prevent objects coming into eye, blinking, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctiva

Front 32

Lacrimal apparatus

Back 32

Lateral sides of eyes, tears to corners of inner eye

Front 33

Conjunctiva

Back 33

Covers whole eye except cornea, transparent lining of eye and lid surface

Front 34

Sclera

Back 34

White part of eye

Front 35

Cornea

Back 35

Covers colored part, no blood, bends light rays

Front 36

Iris

Back 36

Colored part

Front 37

Pupil

Back 37

Black center, control how much light let in

Front 38

Lens

Back 38

Floats, alive in eye, clear, changes shape of light

Front 39

Aquimous humor

Back 39

Fluid in eye in front of lens

Front 40

Eye parts

Back 40

Needs vitiman A

Front 41

Choroid

Back 41

Blood flow between sclera and retina

Front 42

Retina

Back 42

Internal layer of eye wall, absorb light rays, convert to nerve signals CNII, photoreceptor cells

Front 43

Fovea centralil

Back 43

Perfect vision

Front 44

Blind spot

Back 44

Where retina does not exist in back of eye

Front 45

Ciliray body

Back 45

Holds lens, muscles

Front 46

Photoreceptor cells

Back 46

Rods-black and white, cones-color

Front 47

Macular degeneration

Back 47

Physical deterioration of macula lutea, leading cause of blindness, diabetes, infection, hypertension, trauma, lose vision in center of eye

Front 48

Binocular vision

Back 48

Both eyes look at same thing

Front 49

Cataracts

Back 49

Aging, difficult to focus, cloudy lens, reduce visual clarity and color intensity

Front 50

Vitreous humor

Back 50

Transparent fluid behind lens

Front 51

Glaucoma

Back 51

Increased intraocular pressure, test with puff of air

Front 52

Emmetropia

Back 52

Normal vision

Front 53

Hyperopia

Back 53

Far sighted, can't see close, eyeball short

Front 54

Myopia

Back 54

Near sighted, eyeball too long

Front 55

Astigmatation

Back 55

Unequal curves on refractive surfaces

Front 56

Phototransduction

Back 56

Convert light to electrical signals

Front 57

Rods

Back 57

Longer and narrower, more numerous, highly sensitive, near edge of retina

Front 58

Cones

Back 58

Concentrated at fovea centralis, color, intense light

Front 59

Dark adaptation

Back 59

20-30 min, bleached rods must regenerate rhodopsin

Front 60

Light adaptation

Back 60

5-10 min, cones initially overstimulated

Front 61

Optic nerves

Back 61

Exit back of eye and converge at optic chasm

Front 62

Optic tracts

Back 62

Go to thalamus