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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sensory receptor classification: traditional
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sight
hearing touch taste smell other: interoceptive (unconscious) proprioceptors chemical thermal balance |
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chemoreceptors
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O2, CO2, H+, taste, smell
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mechanoreceptors
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pressure, tension, vibration, position
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electroreceptors
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fish - lateral line (can detect predators in dark)
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magnetic field receptors
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birds, sea turtles, dogs
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thermoreceptors
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heat/cold - pit vipers
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photoreceptors
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vision - pineal eye
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nociceptors
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pain/tissue damage
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superficial
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touch, pressure, flutter, vibration, tickle, warmth, cold, pain, itch
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visceral
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hunger, nausea, distention, visceral pain
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sensory receptor potentials
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vary with stimulus strength
not all-or-none must reach threshold to produce an action potential APS transmit information to CNS |
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sensory receptor amplification
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can produce electrical signal containing greater energy than contained in the stimulus
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first order neurons
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primary afferent neurons
peripheral ending functions as sensory receptor or receives input from accessory sensory cell cell body usually located in dorsal root ganglion or cranial nerve ganglion |
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second order neurons
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usually located in spinal cord or brainstem
receives info from first order transmits to neurons in thalamus axon usually crosses midline of spinal cord (contralateral) |
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third order neurons
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reside in one of sensory nuclei of thalamus
may transform info before transmitting to cerebral cortex |
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fourth order neurons
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located in appropriate sensory receiving areas of cerebral cortex
process info further |
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higher order neurons
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located in cerebral cortex
process info further within some unknown site the infor results in perception |
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slow adapting receptors
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long-lasting stimulus produces prolonged, repetitive discharge in primary afferent neuron
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rapidly adapting receptors
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long-lasting stimulus produces only a short-lived response
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sensory coding
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modality
location intensity frequency duration |
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Pacinian corpuscles
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high frequency vibration
pressure |
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nociceptors
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mechanical, thermal, chemical damage
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sclera
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fibrous coat
gives structure to eye |
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conjuctiva
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white part of eye
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retina: rods
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low light
no color |
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retina: cones
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sharp images
color |
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optic disc
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blind spot
where optic nerve exits eye |
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Canal of Schlemm
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scleral venous sinus
drains aqueous fluid relieves pressure (norm < 22 mmHg) |
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fovea
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center of macula
most acute no rodes |
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iris
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radially (dilatory) and circulatory (sphincter) oriented smooth muscle
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