Semeter 2 Chem Final

Front 1

wavelength

Back 1

the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave

Front 2

frequency

Back 2

the number of waves that pass a given point per second

Front 3

amplitude

Back 3

the wave's height from origin to a crest

Front 4

electromagnetic spectrum

Back 4

spectrum which encompasses all froms of electromagnetic radiation

Front 5

quantum

Back 5

the miniumum amount of energy that can be gained of lost by and atom

Front 6

Planck's constant

Back 6

has a value of 6.626x10 to the -34 Jxs where J is the symbol for joule.

Front 7

photoelectric effect

Back 7

photoelectrons are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface

Front 8

photon

Back 8

a particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy

Front 9

atomic emission spectra

Back 9

the set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element

Front 10

ground state

Back 10

the lowest allowable energy state of an atom

Front 11

de Broglie equation

Back 11

predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics

Front 12

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Back 12

states that it is fundamentally impossibly to know precisely both the velocity and postion of a particle at the same time

Front 13

atomic orbital

Back 13

a 3D region around the nucleus called which describes the electron's probable location

Front 14

electron configuration

Back 14

the arrangement of electrons in an atom

Front 15

aufbau principle

Back 15

states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

Front 16

Pauli exclusion principle

Back 16

states that a maxiumum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins

Front 17

Hund's rule

Back 17

states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

Front 18

valence electrons

Back 18

electrons in the atom's outermost orbitals

Front 19

periodic law

Back 19

the statement that there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number

Front 20

groups

Back 20

columns on the periodic table

Front 21

periods

Back 21

rows on the periodic table

Front 22

metals

Back 22

elements that are generally shiny when smooth and clean, solid at room temp, and good conductors of heat and electricity

Front 23

alkali metals

Back 23

group 1A elements

Front 24

alkaline earth metals

Back 24

group 2A elements

Front 25

transition metals/ inner transition metals

Back 25

group B elements

Front 26

nonmetals

Back 26

elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids. they are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Front 27

halogens

Back 27

group 7A elements

Front 28

noble gases

Back 28

group 8A elements

Front 29

metalloids

Back 29

elements with physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals

Front 30

ion

Back 30

an atom or a bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

Front 31

ionization energy

Back 31

the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.

Front 32

electronegativity

Back 32

the relative ability of an elements atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

Front 33

mineral

Back 33

an element or inorganic compound that is found in nature as solid crystals

Front 34

ore

Back 34

is a material from which a mineral can be removed at a reasonable cost

Front 35

allotropes

Back 35

forms of an element in the same physical state-solid,liquid, or gas- that have different structures and properties

Front 36

ferromagnetism

Back 36

the strong attraction of a substance to a magnetic field

Front 37

chemical bond

Back 37

the force that holds 2 atoms together

Front 38

cation

Back 38

a positively charged ion

Front 39

anion

Back 39

a negative ion

Front 40

ionic bond

Back 40

the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound

Front 41

electrolyte

Back 41

an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current

Front 42

lattice energy

Back 42

the energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound

Front 43

formula unit

Back 43

the simplest ratio of the ions represented in an ionic compound

Front 44

monatomic ion

Back 44

a one-atom ion

Front 45

oxidation number

Back 45

charge of a monatomic ion

Front 46

polyatomic ions

Back 46

ions made up of more than one atom

Front 47

oxyanion

Back 47

a polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms

Front 48

metallic bond

Back 48

the attratcion of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons

Front 49

alloy

Back 49

a mixure of elements that has metallic properties