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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the 8 nuclei of the Medial Hypothalamic Zone
anterior to posterior |
PreOptic
Anterior SupraChiasmatic ParaVentricular DorsoMedial DorsoLater Infundibular Posterior |
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List the 6 nuclei of the Lateral Hypothalamic Zone
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PreOptic
SupraChiasmatic SupraOptic Lateral TuberoMamillary Lateral Tuberal |
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Visceral & Somatic afferent reach the hypothalamus through collateral branches from the ____ & from the ____
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Visceral & Somatic afferent reach the hypothalamus through collateral branches from the LEMINSCI AFFERENT FIBERS & from the RETICULAR FORMATION
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Olfaction travels to the hypothalamus through the ____
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Olfaction travels to the hypothalamus through the MEDIAL FOREBRAIN BUNDLES
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Corticohypothamalic fibers arise from the ___ of the cerebral cortex and pass directly to the hypothalamus
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Corticohypothamalic fibers arise from the FRONTAL LOBE of the cerebral cortex and pass directly to the hypothalamus
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Amygdalohypothalamic fibers pass through the amygdaloid complex to the hypothalamus through the ___ and by a route that passes inferior to the ___
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Amygdalohypothalamic fibers pass through the amygdaloid complex to the hypothalamus through the STRIA TERMINALIS and by a route that passes inferior to the LENTIFORM NUCLEUS
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Thalamohypothalmic fibers arise from the ___ and ___ nuclei
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Thalamohypothalmic fibers arise from the DORSOMEDIAL and MIDLINE THALAMIC nuclei
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Where do tegmental fibers arise from?
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TEGMENTAL fibers to the hypothalamus arise from the midbrain
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Mammillothalmic tract arises in the mammilary body and efferent fibers terminate in the ___ of the thalamus. Here the pathway is relayed to the ___
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Mammillothalmic tract arises in the mammilary body and efferent fibers terminate in the ANTERIOR nucleus of the thalamus. Here the pathway is relayed to the CINGULATE GYRUS
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The Mammilotegmental tract arises from the mamillary body and efferent fibers terminate in the cells of the ___ in the tegmentum of the ___
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The Mammilotegmental tract arises from the mamillary body and efferent fibers terminate in the cells of the RETICULAR FORMATION in the tegmentum of the MIDBRAIN
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Hypothalmophypophyseal Tract
Which nuclei synthesize Vasopressin and Oxytocin? The hormones are carried along the axon together with a carrier protein ___ and release at the axon terminals, where it can be absorbed into the blood from Neurohypophysis |
SupraOptic nuclei synthesizes Vasopressin & ParaVentricular synthesizes Oxytocin
The hormones are carried along the axon together with a carrier protein NEUROPHYSINS and release at the axon terminals, where it can be absorbed into the blood from Neurohypophysis |
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Which hypothalamic nucleus acts as an Osmoreceptor?
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Supraoptic nucleus is an osmoreceptor because it detects high osmotic pressure and increases output of Vasopressin which is an antidiuretic hormone that also causes vasoconstriction
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What is the function of the hypothalamus?
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Its the upper nervous center for the control of lower autonomic centers
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In the hypothalamus, the ___ region is referred to as the hunger center. However stimulation of the __ region inhibits eating and is therefore called the satiety center
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In the hypothalamus, the LATERAL region is referred to as the hunger center. However stimulation of the MEDIAL region inhibits eating and is therefore called the satiety center
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Which nuclei of the hypothalamus responds to cold temp?
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Posterior hypothalamic nuclei respond to cold temperature
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Which nuclei of the hypothalamus causes thirst?
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Lateral hypothalamus increases water intake
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Which nuclei of the hypothalamus inhibits appetite?
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Medial hypothalamus is the satiety center
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Which nuclei of the hypothalamus controls circadian rhythms?
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Suprachiasmatic nucleus controls circadian rhythms
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Which nuclei of the hypothalamus controls the parasympathetic nervous system?
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Preoptic & Anterior nuclei control the parasympathetic system
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Which nuclei of the hypothalamus controls the sympathetic nervous system?
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Preoptic & Lateral nuclei control the sympathetic nervous system
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Which nuclei of the hypothalamus responds to hot temp?
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Anterior hypothalamus responds to heat
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The roof of the third ventricle, which is also the superior surface of the Diencephalon is the ___ . It is covered superiorly by a vascular fold of ___
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The roof of the third ventricle, which is also the superior surface of the Diencephalon is the TELA CHOROIDEA. It is covered superiorly by a vascular layer of PIA MATTER
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The Lateral surface of the Diencephalon is bounded by the ___ which is composed of white matter and consists of nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with ___ and ___
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The Lateral surface of the Diencephalon is bounded by the INTERNAL CAPSULE which is composed of white matter and consists of nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with SPINAL CORD and BRAINSTEM
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What does the stria medullaris thalami connect?
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The stria medullaris thalami are afferent fibers to the Habenular nucleus.
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All sensory systems except __ pass through the Thalamus.
Posteriorly the Thalamus is expanded to for the ___ Inferiorly the Thalamus is continuous with the ___ of the Midbrain |
All sensory systems except OLFACTION pass through the Thalamus.
Posteriorly the Thalamus is expanded to for the PULVINAR Inferiorly the Thalamus is continuous with the TEGMENTUM of the Midbrain |
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The superior covering of the thalamus is a thin layer of white matter called the ___, and laterally a layer called the ___
The gray matter of the thalamus is divided by vertical sheets of white matter called the ___ |
The superior covering of the thalamus is a thin layer of white matter called the STRATUM ZONALE, and laterally a layer called the EXTERNAL MEDULLARY LAMINA
The gray matter of the thalamus is divided by vertical sheets of white matter called the INTERNAL MEDULLARY LAMINA |
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In the Subthalamus the following cranial ends can be found:
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Red Nucleus
Subsatantia Nigra Subthalamic Nucleus |
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The Epithalamus contains
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Habenular nuclei and pineal gland
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The Habenular nucleus is a center for integration of:
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Habenular Nucleus is a center for integration of:
Olfactory Visceral Somatic Afferent Pathways |
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The Pineal gland is a small conical structure that is connected to the Pineal Stalk. Superiorly the base of the stalk is called the ___ and inferiorly ___
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The Pineal gland is a small conical structure that is connected to the Pineal Stalk. Superiorly the base of the stalk is called the HABENULAR COMMISSURE and inferiorly its called the POSTERIOR COMMISSURE
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The Pineal gland contains two types of cells, the __ & __
Pineal gland contains NO nerve cells, but __ sympathetic fibers enter the gland and run along the blood vessels |
The Pineal gland contains two types of cells, the __ & __
Pineal gland contains NO nerve cells, but ADRENERGIC SYMPATHETIC sympathetic fibers enter the gland and run along the blood vessels |
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The Pineal gland affects the endocrine system by influencing the activity of:
Generally have an __ effect |
Pituitary
Parathyroids Islets of Langerhans Adrenals Gonads Generally have an INHIBITORY effect |