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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The meninges of the brain are _____ in origin.
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mesodermal
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The _____ or pachymenix is the thickest covering of the brain.
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dura matter
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The dura matter is 2 layered at sites of _____ and send ___ into the cranial cavity.
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dura venous sinuses, septa
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When the dura matter is 2 layered, the ____ attaches to the inner layer of the skull with no space, and the _____ is smooth, avascular and lined with mesothellium.
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external periosteal, inner meningeal
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The potential space between the dura and the skull is the ______.
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epidural
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The potential space between the dura matter and the arachnoid space is called the ____.
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subdural
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____ blood can potentially fill the epidural space, while ____ blood can potentially fill the subdural space.
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arteriole, venous
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The ____ is the septae that is sickle shaped and seperates cerebral hemispheres in longitudinal fissure.
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faix cerebri
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The ____ is the septae that lies in horizontal plane between the cerebellym caudally and the occipital lobe rostrally.
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tenorium cerebelli
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The cranial and brain area above the tentorium cerebelli are referred to as the ____, and contain the ____ and ____ cranial fossae.
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supratentorial, anterior middle
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The cranial and brain area below the tentorium cerebelli is reffered to as the _____, and contain the _____ cranial fossae.
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infratentorial, posterio
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The ____ cerebelli extends in midline from posterior surface of tentorium cerebelli, seperating the 2 cerebellar hemispheres.
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faix cerebelli
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The septae function to ____.
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reduce/prevent brain displacement with head movements
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The ____ artery is the most important arterial supply of dura matter.
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middle meningeal artery
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The middle menengieal artery is a branch of the ____ and enters the middle cranial fossa through the ____.
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maxillary artery, foramen spinosoum
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The _____ is the only structure inside the cranium that is sensitive to pain.
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dura matter
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The supratentoial dura is supplied by the _____ nerve, while the the infratentorial dura is supplied by branches of the vagus and _____ spinal nerves.
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trigeminal, C1-C3
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The arachnoid ____ drains the CSF from the subarachnoid space into dural venous sinuses.
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villi (one way valves)
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Enlarged spaces in the subarachnoid spaces are called ____.
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cisterns
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The leptomeninges is composed of the ____ and ____.
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arachnoid, pia
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The ____ is thought to serve as a channel for CSF movement into the brain tissue.
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perivascular space (pia participating with arachnoid)
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The spinal dura matter ends at ___ vertebral level forming the _____.
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S2, filum terminale externum
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____ dura is single layered and lacks periosteal layer, and is has an actual epidural space.
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spinal
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Spinal epidural space lies between ____ and _____ layer of dura.
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vertebral periosteum, meningeal
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A convex bleed is a _____, a concave bleed is a _____, and a bleeding within the cistern areas is a ____.
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epidural, subdural, subarachnoid( venous or artery)
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The choroid plexus is made up of the _____, _____, and _____.
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fenestrated endothelial layer of choroid cappilary wall, pia membrane, choroid epithelial cells (tight junction)
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The choroid epithelial cells with tight junction form a barrier btwn the ____ and _____.
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CSF, blood
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The _____ are 7 structures in CNS lacking BBB, and serve as _____.
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circumventricular organs, channels for transporting large hormonal molecules to target organs in brain (3rd ventricle)
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___ and ___ are actively transported into the CSF and ____ and ____ are removed.
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Na+, Mg2+; K+, Ca2+
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The ___ effect reduces traction on brain and spinal cord exerted by nerves and vessels.
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buoyancy
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The ____ effect dampens impact of trauma and violent movements on the brain and spinal cord.
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cushion (buffer)
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The ____ effect serves to remove metabolites from the CNS.
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catabolic
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The ___ effect circulate neuroactive hormones or drugs that cross BBB.
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transport
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The ____ effect provides stable ionic environment for the CNS.
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ionic
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CSF contains ____ protein, ____ glucose, K+, and Ca++, and _____ Na+, Cl-, and Mg++ when compared to the blood serum
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very little, slightly less, slightly greater
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Turbid and xanthrochromia CSF indicate _____ and ____, respectively.
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acute bacterial meningitis, subarachnoid bleeding
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Glucose is ____ in acute bacterial meningitis and chronic fungal CNS, and ____ in viral infections.
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low, normal
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High albumin levels and high gama globulin levels in CSF are scene in _____ and ____, respectively.
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acute bacterial meningitis, MS
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____ hyrdocephalus is when CSF flow into dura venous sinuses is impeded in subarachnoid space or by obstruction at level of arachnoid villi.
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communincating
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_____ hydrocephalus is when CSF flow is obstructed anywhere within the ventricles and subarachnoid space.
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non communicating
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____ is due to stretching of cranial nociceptor mechanism.
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headaches
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___ is due to activation of chemoreceptor trigger zones in area postrema.
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nausea
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____ is due to activation of emetic trigger zones in medulla.
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vomiting
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_____ is secondary to drop in cardia output slowing of heart rate caused by pressure on cardiotonic nuclei in medulla.
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dizziness
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_____ with or without poor motor coordination is due to pressure on motor cortex as well as cerebellar cortex.
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motor weakness
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____ is dues to pressure on brain stem reticular activating reticular nuceli.
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coma/ loss consciousnes
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In raised ICP, bradycardia is due to pressure on _____ nuceli in the ____.
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cardiotonic, medulla
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In raised ICP, hypertension is due to activation of _____ nuceli in the ____.
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preganglionic (in cardiotonic zones), medulla
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In raised ICP, areflexia is due to pressure on _____.
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spinal motor neurons in spinal cord
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In raised ICP, papillodema is due to raised intraocular pressure in ______ space along ____ nerve.
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subarachnoid, optic
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