Semester 2 Nursing- Medication Theory Exam

Front 1

What are Medications?

Back 1

Drug or other medicine used to treat or prevent disease

Front 2

What is the Legislation that covers medication practices in QLD?

Back 2

Health (Drugs & Poison) regulation 1996

Front 3

What is a Prescription?

Back 3

A written directive given by someone who is authorized to dispense the drug

Front 4

What does dispensing mean?

Who is a dispenser of medication?

Back 4

To sell or provide the drug.

Pharmacist is the dispenser.

Front 5

To administer Medication means what?

Back 5

To give a person a single treatment or dose of a drug, to be taken by the person Immediately.

Front 6

Following Legislation, who can order a controlled drug?

Back 6

Doctor or Pharmacist

Front 7

What are the 8 legal requirements of a written prescription?

Back 7

-Full name of the client

-Date the prescription is written

-Generic name of the Drug

-Dose to be given

-Start date for the medication and times of administration

-Route of Administration

-Signature of the medical officer/authorized person

-Legible handwriting

-Prescribers personal signature

Front 8

Why do drugs have schedules?

Back 8

To restrict the availability of potentially dangerous drugs and chemicals. To ensure their safe and effective use.

Front 9

What is a schedule 2 drug? Example?

Back 9

For therapeutic use and require supervision of their distribution.

Paracetamol

Front 10

What is a schedule 3 drug? Example?

Back 10

For therapeutic use and are sufficiently dangerous to warrant their supply on a sale restriction only by a medical practitioner, dentists and pharmaceutical chemists.

Paracetamol with Codeine

Front 11

What is a schedule 4 drug? Example?

Back 11

Substances of which the supply is permitted only by or on the prescription of a medical practitioner, dentist or pharmaceutical chemist

Diazepam (valium)

Front 12

What is a schedule 8 drug? Example?

Back 12

Highly controlled substances that are capable of producing addiction or dependence. Have strict rules regarding storage and registration.

Morphine

Front 13

What are the 7 conditions that you must be aware of when administering an S8 medication? (remember your scope)

Back 13

-Lawful, written order for the drug that is specific to the patient OR the drug will be administered under the direct supervision of the Doctor, dentist, RN or midwife

-The order is written by a doctor, dentist or nurse practitioner (not a standing order)

-The drug is prescribed to treat pain and the patients response to the drug is known

-The administration has been delegated to the EN by the RN

-The delegation meets the standard of appropriate delegation

-The patients condition is not rapidly changing, or needed frequent review by the RN

-The effects of the drug on the patient have been observed by an RN or Doctor over time and they have determined there is a low risk of adverse affects

Front 14

When can an EN administer an S8 drug

Back 14

-When the response to the drug is known and has been observed by an RN or Doctor

-It is not the first dose

-The risk of adverse affect is low

-According to Hospital policy

Front 15

How are S4 drugs stored?

Back 15

Must be kept in a cupboard, drawer, storeroom or other place that does not have public access

Front 16

How are S8 drugs stored?

Back 16

-Must be kept in an above ground safe, constructed on a steel plate with a steel door at least 10mm thick

-Must have a pick proof lock, or tamper proof combination

-Installed with its back and at least 1 side flush with the walls of the building

-Key to be held by the most senior nurse on shift

Front 17

How does an S8 drug get accessed?

Back 17

-Acessing the controlled drugs in the safe is to be done by 2 RN's OR 1 RN & 1 EN

-You must accompany the person administering the drug to the bedside and witness the patient taking/receiving the medication.

Front 18

What are 3 important policy steps that must be adhered to when doing a telephone order for patient medication?

Back 18

-2 staff (1 must be an RN) listen to the telephone order and confirm it

-Write the order exactly as it is delivered onto the dedicated section on the medication chart

-Must be written up and signed by the Doctor within 24 hours

Front 19

What are verbal orders and when might they be used?

Back 19

-Same rules as phone orders

-In an emergency (ie. Cardiac Arrest) in which case the order and its administration is documented by a third party and signed by the medical officer at the end of the event

-It is outside the EN scope of practice to administer these drugs

Front 20

What are the common elements of a Medication chart?

Back 20

-Client Identification: UR number

-Allergies

-Once only drug section (stat drugs)

-Variable dose medication section

-Regular medication

-PRN medications

Front 21

What is the generic name?

Back 21

When a drug is ready to be marketed, a simple generic name is assigned to it. Easier than the chemical name but more complicated than the trade name. It is the official name.

Front 22

What is the Trade name?

Back 22

This name is normally shorter and easier to remember. When a drug is manufactured by more than one company, each company has a trade name. This is the name it is sold as.

Front 23

What is the criteria that you need to ensure is on the medication chart before you administer medications SAFELY to your patient?

Back 23

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Front 24

What 5 rights must you have before you administer a patients medication?

Back 24

-Right patient

-right medication

-right dose

-right time

-right route

-right documentation

-right response

-right reason

Front 25

Explain how to assess Right patient

Back 25

-Check the name on the order and the patient.

-Use 2 identifiers.

-Ask patient to identify himself/herself.

-When available, use technology (for example, bar-code system)

Front 26

Explain how to assess Right medication

Back 26

-Check the medication label

-Check the order

Front 27

Explain how to assess right route

Back 27

-check the order and appropriateness of the route ordered

-Confirm that the patient can take or receive the medication by the ordered route

Front 28

Explain how to assess Right time

Back 28

-Check the frequency of the ordered medication

-Double-check that you are giving the ordered dose at the correct time

-Confirm when the last dose was given

Front 29

Explain how to assess Right dose

Back 29

-Check the order

-Confirm appropriateness of the dose using a current drug reference

-Calculate the dose and have another nurse calculate the dose as well

Front 30

Explain how to assess Right documentation

Back 30

-Document administration AFTER giving the ordered medication

-Chart the time, route, and any other specific information as necessary eg the site of an injection or any laboratory value or vital sign that needed to be checked before giving the drug.

Front 31

Explain how to assess Right response

Back 31

-Make sure that the drug led to the desired effect (eg If an antihypertensive was given, has his/her blood pressure improved? Does the patient verbalize improvement in depression while on an antidepressant?)

-document your monitoring of the patient and any other nursing interventions that are applicable.

Front 32

Explain how to assess Right reason

Back 32

-Confirm the rationale for the ordered medication

-What is the patient’s history?

-Why is he/she taking this medication?

-Revisit the reasons for long-term medication use.

Front 33

What does a.c mean?

Back 33

Before meals

Front 34

What does p.c mean?

Back 34

After meals

Front 35

What does mane mean?

Back 35

Morning

Front 36

What does nocte mean?

Back 36

Night

Front 37

What does bd mean?

Back 37

Bi Daily/Twice daily

Front 38

What does TDS mean?

Back 38

Three times daily

Front 39

What does QID mean?

Back 39

Four times daily

Front 40

what does q4h mean?

Back 40

Every 4 hours

Front 41

What does 4/24 mean?

Back 41

Every 4 hours

Front 42

What does q8h mean?

Back 42

Every 8 hours

Front 43

What does 8/24 mean?

Back 43

Every 8 hours

Front 44

What does stat mean?

Back 44

Immediately

Front 45

What does PRN mean?

Back 45

As required

Front 46

What does SC mean?

Back 46

Subcutaneous

Front 47

What does PR mean?

Back 47

Rectal

Front 48

What does PV mean?

Back 48

Vaginal

Front 49

What does PO or O mean?

Back 49

Oral

Front 50

What does IV mean?

Back 50

Intravenous

Front 51

What does IM or IMI mean?

Back 51

Intramuscular

Front 52

What does Neb mean?

Back 52

Nebuliser

Front 53

What does MDI mean?

Back 53

Metered dose inhaler

Front 54

What does MA mean?

Back 54

Metered aerosol

Front 55

What does Inh mean?

Back 55

Inhaler

Front 56

What does SL mean?

Back 56

Subligual

Front 57

What does Top mean?

Back 57

Topical

Front 58

Why would you not give a patient a drug?

Back 58

-If they are absent

-If they are fasting

-If they refuse

-If there is no stock

-If any of the 8 rights aren't completed

Front 59

What would you do if you did not give a medication when it was ordered?

Back 59

-If withheld or refused or something along those lines, note that in the medication chart

-Notify the RN

Front 60

If a patient refused medication what would you do?

Back 60

-Document on the medication chart as refused

-Notify RN

-Document in progress notes

Front 61

What is an adverse effect?

Back 61

When there is an unintended or undesired effect from the drug

Front 62

What do you do if your patient has an adverse affect?

Back 62

-Notify RN

-If serious, initiate a MET call

-Document all changes for future reference

-Administer basic first aid if needed

Front 63

What is Pharmacokinetics?

Back 63

-How the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes and excretes a drug

-ie. what the body does to drugs

Front 64

Where is the main place of drug metabolism?

Back 64

The Liver

Front 65

When a drug enters the bloodstream, it is diluted and transported through the body? Y/N

Back 65

Yes

Front 66

Information:

Back 66

The more widely a drug diffuses through the body, the lower the concentration will be produced from that dose. This statement is important to understand for the HALF LIFE of drugs

Front 67

Information:

Back 67

In regard to medications, you are expected to know why a patient is receiving a certain medication and the potential effects of that medication and how you will care for that patient as a result of the given medications

Front 68

Information:

Back 68

As a nurse, you are expected to be accountable for your actions, to be able to justify why you did the things you did.

Front 69

What about Half Life needs to be understood when we are administering medications?

Back 69

-The time that it takes for the concentration of a drug in the plasma to decrease to half of its initial value

-Important to determining the intervals between drug doses

-Second and subsequent doses add to whatever remains of the previous dose, causing gradual accumulations until stable concentrations are achieved

Front 70

Cardiac output affects the rate and extent of drug distribution? T/F

Back 70

True

Front 71

What are two notable barriers in the body that drugs can transfer across?

Back 71

-Blood Brain Barrier

-Placenta

Front 72

Where can we metabolize drugs in out bodies? List 5

Back 72

-Liver

-Lungs

-Kidneys

-Blood

-Intestines

Front 73

Where can we excrete medications from our bodies? List 5

Back 73

-Urine or Faeces

-Respiratory Tract

-In Breast Milk

-Saliva

-Sweat

Front 74

What are Pharmacodynamics?

Back 74

-The processes that produce biochemical and physiological changes in the body

-ie. What the drugs do to the body

Front 75

Information:

Back 75

Some medications given to patients will bring around a normal physiological response

E.g. When we give Thyroxine for hypothyroidism we expect that the patient will have a normal thyroid level as a result.

Front 76

Information:

Back 76

Mostly medications act by affecting or controlling biochemical and physiological processes in the body

Front 77

What is a receptor Agonist? Give an example

Back 77

-Occurs when the drug (Key) combines with the receptor (Lock) and results in the required efects

-Used to relieve conditions

-e.g. Bronchodilators

Front 78

What is a receptor Antagonist? Give an example

Back 78

-When the drug (key) binds with the receptor (lock) preventing another substance (key) binding with the receptor (lock) and therefore blocking a normal response

-e.g. Antihistamines

Front 79

What is an enzyme inhibitor?

Back 79

Promotes or accelerates a biochemical reaction

Front 80

What do chemotherapeutic agents do?

Back 80

Helps to minimize the cells which contain carcinomas

Front 81

What are the advantages of Oral medication administration?

Back 81

-Easy and comfortable to administer

-Economical

-Can produce local or systemic effects

-Administered in either tablet or capsule form

Front 82

What are disadvantages of Oral medication administration?

Back 82

-Mightn't suit patient with alterations in gastrointestinal function

-Nausea and vomiting can make them much less effective

Front 83

Would you give Oral medications to an unconscious patient? Y/N

Back 83

No

Front 84

What are the forms of Oral medications? Name 3

Back 84

-Capsule: Powder or liquid encased by a gelatin shell (solid dose form)

-Tablet: powdered drug flattened into a hard disc

-Lozenge: flat, round dosage containing drug, flavour and sugar (dissolves in the mouth)

Front 85

Can a patient drink or swallow after taking subliminal medication? Y/N

Back 85

No