Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
alpha particles
|
4 He; charge=2+
2 |
|
beta particles
|
0 B; charge=1-
-1 |
|
gamma particles
|
0 Y; charge= 0
0 |
|
nuclear fission
|
element bombarded with high energy neutron, nucleus breaks into smaller atoms, gives off neutrons, which in turn, hit other nuclei...
|
|
nuclear fusion
|
smaller elements combine together
|
|
advantages of fission vs. fusion
|
stable products vs. produces more energy, not alot of nuclear waste
|
|
disadvantages of fission vs. fusion
|
nuclear waste, if left uncontrolled, can lead to EXPLOSION! vs. needs 40 million K to start
|
|
solids
|
vibrating particle motion, not compressible, constant volume, very strong IMF's
|
|
liquids
|
closely packed, slightly compressible, constant volume, IMF's limit range of motion
|
|
gases
|
far apart, constant, rapid, random motion, compressible, volume determined by container
|
|
dispersion forces
|
WEAK! diatomics (nonpolar molecules), high vapor pressure, gas at room temp.
|
|
dipole-dipole forces
|
polar molecules, stronger, lower vapor pressure, gas/liquid at room temp.
|
|
hydrogen bonds
|
H atoms with highly electronegative atoms, strongest!, lowest vapor pressure, liquid/solid at room temp!
|
|
when halogens or elements have more molecules...
|
stronger dispersion forces
|
|
the stronger the IMF...
|
the harder it is to separate molecules, the higher boiling/melting points
|
|
effect of IMF, # of molecules, and temp. on viscosity?
|
HIGHER imf and molecules, HIGHER v; HIGHER temp, LOWER v
|
|
4 factors that affect gases
|
temperature, pressure, volume, concentration
|
|
what is STP?
|
1 atm, 273 K, all gases= 22.4 L
|
|
why does a bag pop?
|
when the pressure is lower on the outside than inside
|
|
why does the can get crushed?
|
when the pressiure is higher on the outside than inside= molecules CONDENSE!
|
|
when pressure increases....
|
particles move closer together, collisions increase, kinetic energy increases
|
|
real gases BEHAVE like ideal gases when...
|
low pressure, high temperature
|
|
real gases DEVIATE from ideal gases when...
|
high pressure, low temperature
|
|
factors that affect solubility
|
pressure (as P increases, S increases); nature of solvent/solute; temperature (as T increases, S increases)
|
|
how does temp. affect solubility IN A GAS?
|
when temp INCREASES, particles have more kinetic energy and move faster, want to leave container, so solubility DECREASES
|
|
heat enthalpy for exo and endo reactions?
|
exo= negative (SPONTANEOUS)
endo= positive |
|
endothermic phase changes
|
(require energy)
MELTING SUBLIMATION VAPORIZATION |
|
exothermic phase changes
|
(release energy)
FREEZING DEPOSITION CONDENSATION |
|
what do catalysts do to reaction rates?
|
LOWER activated complex/Ea
|
|
stronger acids have...
|
more ions!
|
|
strong acids and bases...
|
ionize completely and are good conductors of energy
|
|
neutralization reaction
|
when acid and base combine to form water and a salt
|
|
taste of acids, neutrals, and bases
|
sour, none, bitter
|
|
feel of acids, neutrals, and bases
|
sharp, none, slippery
|
|
pH range of acids, neutrals, and bases
|
1-6, 7, 8-14
|
|
hydronium ion concentration of acids, neutrals, and bases
|
1.0 x 10 ^ -1 to 1.0 x 10 ^ -6
1.0 x 10 ^ -7 1.0 x 10 ^ -8 to 1.0 x 10 ^ -14 |
|
hydroxide ion concentration of acids, neutrals, and bases
|
1.0 x 10 ^ -14 to 1.0 x 10 ^ -8
1.0 x 10 ^ -7 1.0 x 10 ^ -6 to 1.0 x 10 ^ -1 |
|
reaction w/ litmus paper of acids, neutrals, and bases
|
turn red, no change, turn blue
|
|
reaction w/ phenolphthalein of acids, neutrals, and bases
|
turn colorless, no change, turn pink
|
|
KNOW THE HEATING CURVE FOR WATER...
|
AND THE EXO/ENDO THERMIC GRAPHS!
|