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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemotherapy |
introduction of a chemical compound to the body to elicit a desired response without causing harm to the patient CURES THE ILLNESS |
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Selective toxicity |
-drug can influence 1 kind of living cell without harming others -must be highly effective against a microbe but have minimal/no toxicity against humans -expressed by drugs TI -drugs exhibit least toxicity when they target unique differences |
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Selective Toxicity Principles |
1. Difference in distribution 2. Difference in comparative biochemistry 3. Difference in comparative cytology |
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1. Difference in distribution |
-diff. in absorption/biotransformation of toxic substance results in this eg. tetracyclines: inhibit protein synth in bacteria but not mammalian, in isolated ribosomes -selectivity depends on accumulation in bacterial cell and lack of in mammalian cell |
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2. Difference in comparative biochemistry |
-all biochemistry of all life on earth is similar -all have nucleic acid which is encoded -catabolic process -ATP -substantial diff in the way essential metabolites are built up -SYNTHESIS: enzyme not present in host (sulfonamides) synth of folate occurs in bacteria but NOT humans analogous enzymes: carry out identical functions in different organisms -DHFR enzyme needed to convert dihydrofolate->tetrahydrofolate -2 species have same name but structurally dissimilar |
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3. Difference in comparative cytology |
-diff in cell architecture -cell walls act as restraining device -MOA of many Ab's depend on cell wall synthesis -eg. e.coli indirect drug effect produce fault in wall, membrane forced our through hole in wall by high internal osmotic pressure -without support of glycopeptide=lysis |
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Selection of AB |
1. clinical judgement 2. detailed knowledge of pharmacological and microbiological factors 3. age 4. pregnancy 5. allergy 6. genetic factors 7. comorbid factors 8. time dependent ab 9. conc. dependent ab 10. outpatient/IV therapy |
