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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Seismic wave |
The energy of an earthquake radiates in all directions |
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Body wave and surface wave |
2 types of seismic wave |
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Body wave |
Can travel through the earth's interior, used to study the earth's interior layers |
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P-wave(primary) and s-wave(secondary) |
Two types of body waves |
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P-wave(primary) |
Travel faster along solid and liquid interior layers;compressional wave to the direction to wave travel |
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S-wave(secondary) |
Travels slower along solids only;transverse wave-particles from side to side perpendicular to the wave |
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Andrija Mohorovicic(Yugoslavian seismologist, 1909) |
Found out that the velocity of seismic waves changes and increases at a distance about 50km below |
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Mohorovicic discontinuity or moho |
The boundary between the crust and the mantle. Waves bend or refract due to the change in density |
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Beno Gutenberg |
The existence of P-wave shadow zone between 103°to 142° |
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Gutenberg dincontinuity |
Boundary between mantle and core |
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Inge Lehmann |
(1936) predicted the inner core due to the seismic reflection within the core and the production of s-wave shadow zone |
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Interior layer of earth |
Crust- 40 to 50 km Mantle- 2900km Outer core- 2200km Inner core- 1278km |
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Surface waves |
Travel through the surface of the earth |
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Love wave and Rayleigh wave |
Types of surface waves |
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Love wave |
(Augustus Edward Hough Love) faster wave that moves the ground in a side to side horizontal motion like that of snake causing the ground to twist |
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Rayleigh wave |
(John William strutt) Rolls along the ground either up and down or side to side similar to the direction of the wave |
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Crust |
Thinnest and outermost layer of the earth that extends 32km. Underneath mountains the crust extends 72km |
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Fe, AL, Si, Ca, O, H, Ti, MG, K, Na |
Main compositions of crust |
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Mantle |
Makes 80% of the earth's volume and 68% of it's mass. It mainly made up of Si, O, Fe and Mg |
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Asthenosphere |
Below 50 to 100km. It is soft and weak layer, made of hot molten rock |
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The core |
Inner core and outer core are both made of Fe and Ni (Nife layer) |
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2000°C |
The outer core temperature |
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5000°C |
The inner core temperature |
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Earth's magnetism |
The core creates in the earth |
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Tremendous pressure |
The inner core is believed to solidify as a result |
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Iron and nickel |
Both dense and magnetic and makes up 14 times denser than water |
