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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sedimentary Rocks |
o Sediments are produced by weathering of pre-existing rocks and minerals o Sediments are loose, unconsolidated accumulations of mineral or rock particles o Are eroded, transported, and deposited in many sedimentary environments |
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Lithification |
compacting the sediments with burial and cementation ofthe sediments forming a sedimentary rock |
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Sedimentary Rocks |
o Gravity plays a role in the formation o Layering is common o Form near the earth’s surface and at temperatures close to ordinary surfacetemperatures |
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Sedimentary Rocks |
o Can yield information about the settings in which they were deposited o Form horizontal layers(beds) Identified based on composition, thickness Oldest bed at the bottom, youngest at the top |
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Three types of Sedimentary Rocks |
- Detrital - Biochemical - Chemical |
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Horizontal Layers |
Sedimentary rocks form as _____________(beds) - identified based on composition, thickness - oldest beds at bottom, youngest at top |
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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks |
Composed of rock and mineral fragments |
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3 stages of formation for Clastic Rocks |
- Generation (weathering) - Erosion and Transportation - Deposition and Lithification |
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Generation (Stage of Clastic) |
- Physical and chemical breakdown of any rock at earth's surface (weathering) to form sediment - Sediment = rock and mineral fragments - Sediments are classified by grain size |
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Erosion and Transportation (Stage of Clastic) |
- ____________ - Sediment moved from place of origin by streams, wind, glaciers - Size of ___________ grains depends on velocity of transport medium - _____________ produces characteristic landscapes |
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Erosion |
Sediment moved from place of origin by streams, wind, glaciers |
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Deposition and Lithification (Stage of Clastic) |
- Sediments deposited when velocity of transport medium decrease - Over time, sediment is slowly compacted and together to form a new rock |
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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks |
- Rock names reflect grain size * Mudstone, Shale made of clay * Sandstone composed of sand-sized particles * Conglomerate made of gravel and larger fragments |
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Gravels (Conglomerate) |
High velocity flow in floods created ___________ |
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Sand (Sandstone) |
Moderate water speed flow created ____________ |
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Mud (Shale) |
Slow flowing water created ____________________ |
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks |
Form when minerals precipitate (crystallize) from a solution as a result of changing physical conditions - Solutions = water in lakes, groundwater, or seawater - changing conditions commonly = increased temperatures (evaporation) |
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks |
- dissolved in water and transported to oceans - indicative of shallow coastal marine conditions in geologic past |
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Evaporites |
- Salt-containing deposits are termed ________ |
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Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks |
- rock that links biosphere and geosphere - Formed of actions of living organisms that cause minerals to extracted - From remains of dead organisms |
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Chalk, Coquina, Coal |
These specific rocks may be form from remains of dead animals - 3 |
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Fossil Fuels |
Sedimentary rocks form from buried organic rich sediments can be considered ____________ - the world is heavily dependent on these |
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Coal Reserves |
US has some of the largest _____________ in the world - form from buried plants |
