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115 Cards in this Set
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Which of the following factors has an impact on a site inventory and analysis? A. Project program B. Building permit requirements C. Cost of data collection D. Existing site vegetation E. None of the above F. All of the above |
F. All of the above A site inventory and analysis is only as useful as the information that it provides.Spending time coming up with analysis that shows how useful a site is for a sportscomplex when the program calls for residential units to be built is useless.Therefore, before any work begins on inventory and analysis of a site, severalfactors should be looked at fi rst. They include: the project program, existing siteconditions, all permit requirements and the cost to perform all the inventory andanalysis. There is no point in analyzing a site for a potential twenty story building ifthe building codes state that the site can only handle fi ve stories at most. |
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What factors influence a land use plan? (Select all that apply) A. Population forecast B. Weather outlook C. Attitude toward land D. Economic conditions |
a, c, d When a land use plan is being developed, it is very important for past, present andfuture conditions to be analyzed. A population forecast would allow the plannerto know whether the land should be developed into a higher density area or whetherlow density housing remains viable. The economic conditions should also be lookedat closely to fi gure out what people are doing with their money and if people willhave money to spend either commercially or to build more. The people’s attitudetowards the land should also play a role in the land use plan. An area that has ahigh concentration of farmers will look at the land very differently than a group ofpeople from a major metropolitan area. The weather outlook does not really plan arole when developing a land use plan. |
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A Landscape Architect is designing a winter wind break for a property in Maine. Inrelation to the location of the building, where should the wind break be placed to bemost effective? A. The North B. The South East C. The South West D. The North West |
D. The North West The strong cold winds that come in the winter time generally come from thenorthwest direction. It is essential to build any wind breaks so that they shield ahome from the northwest winds. A properly installed wind break will help lowerheating costs in the winter and make the outside area more usable. |
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Batido construction is looking for a property to build a large scale mixed usecomplex. Which of the following sites will fit the needs best? A. A one acre site with no building regulations or existing site features B. A five acre site that has a high edge to interior ratio C. A ten acre site adjacent to a residential neighborhood with no buildingregulations D. A fifteen acre site adjacent to a highway with wetlands covering seven acres |
C. A ten acre site adjacent to a residential neighborhood with no building regulations The smaller a site is the harder it is to design and build all of the featuresthat are desired. Many towns have setbacks and easements for properties and thisautomatically shrinks the amount of developable land on a site. Therefore, the oneand fi ve acre sites are immediately ruled out because of their lack of overall sizeand the high edge to interior ratio. The fi fteen acre site would work, if not for thewetlands on site. Wetlands almost always have setbacks and building regulationsassociated with them. Therefore, the construction company would likely be able todevelop less than half of the site. That leaves the ten acre site as the best fi t forthe intended use of the site. |
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Which of the following is not an example of sustainable design? A. Turning an old house into a welcome center for a state park B. Placing parking among vegetated areas C. Purchasing all building materials from a manufacturer 800 miles away D. Changing all roads from asphalt to porous asphalt |
C. Purchasing all building materials from a manufacturer 800 miles away Some examples of sustainable design include taking old buildings and reusing themfor a completely different purpose than originally intended, placing parking spacesamongst vegetated areas rather than removing the vegetation to create a massiveparking lot, introducing porous pavement into the design and also purchasing allmaterials from manufacturers within a 500 mile radius of the job site. |
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Which one of the following items would not improve the quality of life for peopleliving in a city if it were built? A. A new city hall B. A medical research facility C. A recreation center D. A Community college E. A detention center |
E. A detention center The quality of life of people in a community is enhanced when buildings or parksare built that will benefi t the people. These new projects need to add something tothe community and at the same time continue to make the people feel safe and secure.A new detention center will not enhance the quality of life because people willalways worry about the criminals that are being held at the center. |
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A farmer has a grove of apple trees in which one side is bordered by a large hill.What steps can he take to prevent his trees from frost damage? A. Put a barrier at the bottom of the hill B. Put a barrier at the top of the hill C. Remove the hill D. There is nothing that can be done |
A. Put a barrier at the bottom of the hill The major problem with planting anything at the bottom of a hill is that it issusceptible to frost damage. Cold air fl ows down hill and once the temperaturesstart to drop, this can cause a problem due to frost damage. The farmer should createa barrier at the bottom of the hill so that the cool air can pool together before itreaches the trees and damages them. A barrier that works is a hedge of plants or aboard on board fence that will stop the cold air from fl owing through. |
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A soil test has shown that the soil is highly acidic. For that to be true, whatwould the pH Level have to be? A. 4.5 B. 6.6 C. 7.2 D. 8.7 |
A. 4.5 A pH of 4.5 would indicate that something is highly acidic. 8.7 would be consideredhighly alkaline. 6.6 and 7.2 are slightly acidic and slightly alkaline, but neitherwould be highly acidic. |
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When considering a site for a new planned unit development, which would not beconsidered a nuisance? A. Lots of billboards B. A local airport C. Power lines D. Water towers E. None of the above |
E. None of the above A nuisance interferes with ones right to quiet enjoyment. While a Planned UnitDevelopment may be different than other developments in that it mixes land useswithin the development, a nuisance to another development would still be a nuisanceto a PUD for the most part. Airports, lots of billboards, power lines and watertowers would all be considered nuisances for a PUD. A nuisance interferes with onesright to quiet enjoyment. |
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Which is not a possible negative effect on water systems as the result ofconstruction and changes to the land? A. Contamination of the groundwater B. More frequent and decreased severity of flooding C. Increased sedimentation in streams and rivers D. None of the above |
B. More frequent and decreased severity of flooding When construction takes place on a site, it is imperative to take the measuresnecessary to ensure that the soil is stabilized to prevent its erosion. The erosionof the soil from a site is a huge issue for the site itself and for all sites in thesurrounding area. Soil particles will fl ow off site and into rivers and streams wherethey will eventually cause a lot of sedimentation. Construction on site can alsoleave the site vulnerable to more frequent and more severe fl ooding due to the lackof plant material slowing down the fl ow of water across a site. Lastly, chemicalsbeing used on site can seep into the ground and down to the groundwater, therebycontaminating it. |
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Which is not a benefit of cluster development? A. Lower cost of utility installation B. Preservation of natural drainage C. Lower cost of building materials D. Preservation of natural vegetation |
C. Lower cost of building materials Clustered development will lower the cost of utilities to install becausethere will be less distance to run pipes and wires. They will also preserve naturaldrainage ways by limiting the amount of disturbance on a site and thereby preservingnatural vegetation. One thing clustered development will not do is lower the cost ofbuilding materials. This type of development has no effect on building material costs. |
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The use of porous asphalt has all of the following benefits except: A. Reduces runoff B. Increases infiltration of soil C. Filters pollutants D. None of the above |
C. Filters pollutants Porous asphalt will reduce runoff and allow for more water to infi ltrate thesoil, but will not filter pollutants. |
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Tristan has done some research on a piece of property he just bought and hasfound that the property has requirements for open space and stormwater management.What are these types of requirements called? A. Smart growth regulations B. Zoning codes C. Federal laws D. Planned unit development regulations |
B. Zoning codes Local governments have the ability to enforce certain rules and regulationsregarding land use. These regulations are called zoning codes. Open spacerequirements and stormwater management requirements are both examples of zoningcodes. Planned unit developments are used to get variances to local zoning codes inorder to build mixed developments and consolidate multiple parcels of land, whichis not allowed by the existing zoning codes. Federal laws are not really in playwhen it comes to open space and stormwater management. They may provide states andcommunities with some guidance with regards to the regulations, but do not providethe actual rules or enforcement. |
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What type of seating arrangement in public spaces does not promote conversationamongst groups of people? A. U-shaped seating B. L-shaped seating C. Linear seating across from each other D. Linear seating around the outside of a walkway |
D. Linear seating around the outside of a walkway In order to promote conversation amongst groups in public spaces, seating shouldhave a U-shape design, L-shape design or be linear seating across from one another.These seating options will give people the most opportunity to converse with othersand not feel isolated on a bench alone. |
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A Landscape Architect has designed a residence in which all of the plant materialis native to the area. This is an example of what type of design? A. Bioengineering B. Natural resource preservation C. Environmental impact statements D. Xeriscaping |
D. Xeriscaping Xeriscaping involves the use of native plants in an area. This type of designreduces the maintenance of the plants and the amount of water that is requiredbecause the plants are used to the conditions present in the specifi ed area, more sothan hybrids or other plants that are not native to the area and might be stressed ifplanted there. |
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Which is an example of a non-renewable resource? (Select all that apply) A. Trees B. Oil C. Soil D. Wind E. Tropical Rain forests |
B. Oil C. Soil E. Tropical Rain forests Non-renewable resources include soil, oil and tropical rain forests. Tropicalrain forests are included because their habitat is so specialized and unique that itwould be impossible to replicate them anywhere else in the world, especially sinceall of the species of plants, animals and insects living in the rain forests haven’teven all been identifi ed. Trees and wind are renewable. |
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What is an advantage of urban infill? (Select all that apply) A. Lower cost to developer compared to building on a greenfield B. Increased commuter traffic C. Cleaning up of abandoned and contaminated sites D. Preserves and enhances neighborhood character |
C. Cleaning up of abandoned and contaminated sites D. Preserves and enhances neighborhood character Urban infill is the act of taking previously developed sites in urban areas thathave been left vacant or blighted and redeveloping them. When private companies areinvolved, the vacant land is often redeveloped into new housing and commercial uses,while a public agency might use the land to develop parks or other public buildings.The main benefits of urban infill include: renewing old neighborhoods, filling inthe missing tracts of land in a row, decreased commuter traffic, cleaning up dirtyand abandoned sites, preserving and enhancing the character of a neighborhood andlimiting urban sprawl. Some disadvantages include: higher cost compared to buildingon a greenfi eld, old and infl exible zoning codes and potential disagreements withlocal residents about the intended use of the land compared to what they desire theland to become. |
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What should be added to the soil to make it less alkaline? A. Lime B. Manure C. Peat moss D. Aluminum sulfate |
D. Aluminum sulfate In order to increase the acidity of a soil, aluminum sulfate should be added. Limeshould be added to decrease the acidity of a soil. |
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What is the term used to describe the slope of the land before any plantings orhardscape has been installed? A. Natural grade B. Construction grade C. Rough grade D. Finish grade |
C. Rough grade The rough grade is considered to be the slope of the land before the fi nalproducts such as plantings and hardscape are installed. The natural grade is thegrade of the original land. The fi nish grade is the grade after all the work has beencompleted. The construction grade is the same as fi nish grade. |
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What can be installed to combat the effects of the sun on a residential house?(Select all that apply) A. Deciduous trees B. Overhangs C. Louvers D. Shrubs |
A. Deciduous trees B. Overhangs C. Louvers In order to block the sun’s rays from shining directly on a specifi c area, itemssuch as deciduous trees, overhangs and louvers can be installed. Smaller items suchas shrubs do not really have a good enough effect on blocking the sun. |
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A drawing that determines the optimal connections of all program elements of adesign is called: A. Site related functional diagram B. Concept plan C. Schematic design D. Ideal functional diagram |
D. Ideal functional diagram An ideal functional diagram should be utilized before a site plan is created inorder to work through which spaces will function well next to each other in orderto better design a site. This type of diagram only deals with connections and does notdeal with scale of areas or where they will sit on a site. |
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A Landscape Architect has conducted two sets of site inventories for a site withone being done in the summer and one in the winter. During the site inventory, itwas observed that there was plant material located just south of the building onthe property. The plant material provided shade to the house in the summer time,but allowed sunlight to pass through in the winter. What type of plant was locatedsouth of the building? A. Conifer tree B. Broad leaf evergreen shrub C. Deciduous tree D. Weeping ornamental deciduous tree |
C. Deciduous tree The best type of plant to block the summer sun, but allow the winter sun is adeciduous tree. It is tall enough so that it can block the high angled sun in thesummer time from shining directly on a house. In the winter time, it loses its leavesand the sun is able to penetrate through the branches to shine on the house andprovide some warmth in the cold winter. |
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Urban sprawl typically has which type of road layout system? A. Radial B. Linear C. Grid D. Circular |
B. Linear Urban sprawl tends to follow a linear path out from the city into the suburbs.Urban sprawl is characterized by low density populations, which rules out a gridlayout because that would produce a higher density population. Radial and circulardesigns are more consistent with new urbanism villages and not with urban sprawlwhere new neighborhoods pop up off one main linear highway. |
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Which type of soil is very highly erodible and more likely to collect at the baseof a slope after a hard rain? A. Clay B. Silt C. Loam D. Loamy clay |
B. Silt Of the choices presented, loam is the least erodible of the three, clay is in themiddle and silt is the most erodible of the three. |
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An aerial photograph can provide what type of information to a LandscapeArchitect? (Select all that apply) A. Soil type B. Vegetative cover C. Topography D. Property lines |
A. Soil type B. Vegetative cover C. Topography Aerial photographs are a good tool to fi nd out a lot of information about a site.Based on the photograph, the topography, soil type and vegetative cover are all ableto be determined. It is a great resource to use when looking for land to purchase fora new project or even site analysis on a larger parcel of land. |
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An example of a technique to slow traffic and make streets safer for pedestrianswould be? (Select all that apply) A. Speed bumps B. Large corner radii C. Chicanes D. Similar street lighting |
A. Speed bumps C. Chicanes D. Similar street lighting The purpose of calming traffic is to make a neighborhood more pedestrianfriendly and safer for everyone around. Some techniques used to calm traffi cinclude: speed bumps, chicanes, narrowing of the road, small corner radii, relatedstreet elements such as lighting and traffic circles. |
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What type of analysis can be done to identify any problems, which might delay aconstruction schedule and add costs to the budget? A. Cluster analysis B. Environmental impact reports C. Critical path analysis D. Local resident questionnaires |
C. Critical path analysis When it comes time to schedule and plan out a project, the best resource to useis the critical path analysis. This will break down the different parts of a job andsequence them so that the work is done effi ciently and in a manner that things aren’tdone out of order. |
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What test should be performed to determine the maximum density of a soil for aproject? A. Sand cone test B. The hand test C. Proctor test D. None of the above |
C. Proctor test The proctor test is used to determine the maximum density of soil needed for aproject. The hand test is used determine the consistency of the soil on a site. Thesand cone test is used to determine the density of natural or compacted soil and isused mainly for stability analysis. |
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A conservation easement on a tract of land will have an effect on which of thefollowing? (Select all that apply) A. Scenic views on the site B. Development potential C. Access to the site for utility companies D. Property value |
B. Development potential D. Property value There are a variety of different easements that come into play with regards toland. The most common types are: access, utility, conservation, scenic and solar.Scenic views would be protected by a scenic easement on the site and would limit thedevelopment that would block vistas and other scenic views. Utility easements areset up so that the utility companies can place their infrastructure on an individual’sproperty and prevent the land owner from removing or damaging it. Conservationeasements are intended to restrict the development potential of a piece of land forthe betterment of the ecosystem. The use of a conservation easement on a piece ofland will also have an effect on its real estate value as developers will shy awayfrom purchasing it. |
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In order to find out the way that the people of a neighborhood feel about aproposed project, which of the following would be a good way to get their opinions? A. Hold town meetings B. Send out surveys C. Interview people in the community D. A and C E. B and C F. All of the above |
F. All of the above When you need to get the opinions of people in the community, some viable optionsinclude: holding town meetings, interviewing people in the neighborhood and sendingout surveys. None of them will get the opinion of every person in the community,but they do the best job of reaching out to a majority of the people and getting aresponse. |
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What type of plan defines the goals and objectives of future growth of acommunity? A. Master plan B. Comprehensive plan C. Area plan D. Land use plan |
B. Comprehensive plan A master plan is intended to show how a town may be developed over a long periodof time. A land use map shows the different uses allowed throughout a community.An area plan shows how specifi c areas should be developed within a town. Acomprehensive plan will set the goals and objectives of a town over a long period oftime. |
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A Landscape Architect has been hired to assist a township that is looking toredesign and rebuild its once thriving downtown. The Landscape Architect has beenasked to speak with members of the public to gather their input as to the best ways toutilize the downtown space moving forward. Which of the following would be a wayto get the public’s input? A. Post occupancy evaluation B. Precedent study C. Behavioral study D. Visual preference survey |
D. Visual preference survey Visual preference surveys are an effective way to get the input from membersof the general public regarding the type and style of built environment they wouldlike. It allows them the opportunity to view several different designs which they canthen comment on and rank in order of preference. They can comment on anything fromstyle of signage to amount of open space to the massing of buildings in a short periodof time that would not generally be possible with other methods. Post occupancyevaluations are intended to make for better designs and planning by learning frompast designs, but do not involve the public’s input. Behavioral observations andprecedent studies are both types of post occupancy evaluations. |
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Which of the following pieces of information would not be mapped out on a siteinventory? A. Odors B. Traffic volume C. Winds D. Landforms E. None of the above |
E. None of the above The purpose of a site inventory is to locate and determine all physical, social,biological and cultural characteristics of a site. Smaller sites may only deal withphysical and biological characteristics while larger sites may include a littlebit of everything. The total amount of information depends mainly on the site inquestion and the scope of the project. Some examples of items that are mapped outinclude: odors, traffi c volume and circulation, elevations, bearing capacity of soils,landforms, winds, plant materials, prior land use, boundaries, noises and visualquality. |
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What is the first plan needed for a site before any other work can begin? A. Utility plan B. Base plan C. Land use plan D. Grading plan |
B. Base plan A base plan is the fi rst plan needed in order to move forward with a projectbecause it will include information like topography, property lines and buildinglocations and will allow grading plans, utility plans and site analysis plans to takeplace. |
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When conducting a site analysis for a green building project, what factorsshould be examined closely? (Select all that apply) A. Any existing EIS reports B. Flow of groundwater on the site C. Existing fauna on site D. Soil Report E. Microclimate of the site |
A. Any existing EIS reports B. Flow of groundwater on the site C. Existing fauna on site D. Soil Report E. Microclimate of the site A green building project is intended to protect the environment as much aspossible and to preserve existing habitats on the site. While working on this typeof project, the microclimate should be closely examined so that it is not drasticallychanged, the soils should be inspected so that there is not a gross amount of cut orfi ll, existing fauna should be unharmed or disturbed, existing EIS reports should beread and the fl ow of groundwater should be taken into account more so on this typeof project than other projects. |
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Which of the following would not be found on a site utilities plan created duringa site inventory? (Select all that apply) A. Gas lines B. Electric lines C. Sanitary lines D. Fire hydrants E. Proposed utility boxes |
E. Proposed utility boxes During the site inventory phase of a project, all existing site utilities shouldbe mapped out. This information is needed in order to determine where new utilitystructures and systems will go and where they may need to connect to. Without thisinformation, it becomes impossible to dig safely on site and to adequately estimatethe cost of implementing new utilities on site. The utilities that should be mappedout include: water, electric, gas, telecommunications, sanitary sewerage and stormsewerage lines. On top of that, any existing utility structures should also be mappedout including: utility poles, overhead wires, fi re hydrants and existing utility boxes. |
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A wetland fed by groundwater, dominated by peat moss, rich in mineral salts andis alkaline is called what? A. Fen B. Salt Marsh C. Bog D. Marsh |
A. Fen A fen is a wetland that fi ts all of the characteristics in the question. A bogis very similar to a fen except that it is acidic and not alkaline. Marshes and saltmarshes are dominated by herbaceous plant material and so they do not fit thedescription. |
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What section is indicated by the black box in the following diagram? A. 8 B. 11 C. 26 D. 29 |
D. 29 Townships are broken up into 36 divisions that are each called sections. Sectionsare numbered from right to left and left to right in a serpentine manner beginning inthe northeast corner. Based on where the section is located, it is section 29. |
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A land developer has provided a Landscape Architect with several different USGSmaps of the area with which he is looking to build a sports stadium. The LandscapeArchitect is in charge of the site inventory and analysis of the project. Which of thefollowing is not a piece of information that can be obtained from a USGS map? (Selectall that apply) A. Nearby fault lines B. Potential for landslides C. Location of aquifers D. Engineering properties of soils E. None of the above |
E. None of the above USGS maps can provide a great deal of information about an area that is hard tocome by without the resources of a national organization. The maps that the USGShas at its disposal include geological maps that provide information on the type ofsoil close to the surface, engineering properties of the soil and location of bedrock.There are also natural hazard maps, which include fault lines, earthquake zones,eruption histories of volcanoes and areas where landslides are a risk. They alsohave maps that show the location of natural resources such as groundwater, aquiferlocations and geothermal information. |
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What is the optimal size of a transit orientated development? A. A 5 minute walk from edge to edge B. A 5 minute walk from the center to transit system C. A 5 minute walk from the edge to a major road D. A 5 minute walk from the edge to the center |
D. A 5 minute walk from the edge to the center Transit orientated developments are designed so that a person could walk fromthe edge of the town to the town center in 5 minutes. This would encourage the useof mass transit and make the town pedestrian friendly. It would also discourage theuse of vehicles. |
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Which of the following is not a proper use for aerial photographs? A. Land use inventory B. Community planning C. Creating topographic maps D. Monitoring vegetative growth |
C. Creating topographic maps Aerial photographs are a great tool for Landscape Architects to use for variousprojects. Photos from the sky can provide a great overview of a site and surroundingareas that pictures taken from the ground cannot provide. Aerial photographsare frequently used for land use inventory, community planning and monitoringvegetative growth among other things. However, due to horizontal and verticaldistortion that comes with the pictures, creating topographic maps is not one of theuses of aerial photographs. |
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When a soil is moist and crushes easily from the gentle pressure between thethumb and forefinger, it is considered to be what? A. Friable B. Loose C. Plastic D. Firm |
A. Friable When a soil is friable, it is easily broken into smaller pieces with little to noeffort. A plastic soil is one which can easily be molded or deformed and remain thatway. Loose soil does not hold together regardless of the situation, therefore itcannot be crushed by two fi ngers. Firm soil requires an adequate amount of pressurefrom two fi ngers in order to crush it. |
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Which of the following is not an indication of whether a proposed site has thecapacity to handle a project’s program? (Select all that apply) A. Design costs B. Local zoning ordinances C. Development regulations D. Site topography E. Large enough site area |
A. Design costs The purpose of a site inventory and analysis is to fi rst determine all of thecharacteristics of a site and then determine whether the site can handle a project’sprogram. The inventory and analysis includes determining all physical and legalconditions that may impact a site’s development potential. The only answer optionthat should not have any impact on whether a site can handle a program is the cost ofthe design. |
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A residential property’s boundaries are an example of which of the following? A. Open traverse B. Aliquot parts C. Quadrant D. Closed traverse |
D. Closed traverse A property’s boundaries are an example of a closed traverse. A closed traverse isa connection of lines that enclose an area and whose coordinates are predetermined.A closed traverse is used for all property types except for preliminary road andtrain line boundaries, which would be an example of an open traverse. A quadrantis a division of a Cartesian plane. An aliquot part is a quarter or half division of asection of land. |
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What are the major influences on the types of plants found in a specificcommunity? (Select all that apply) A. The people living there B. The temperature C. The type of soil D. The average rainfall |
A. The people living there B. The temperature C. The type of soil D. The average rainfall The plants that inhabit a specifi c community are infl uenced by the people livingthere, the temperature of the community throughout the year, the average rainfalland the type of soil in the community. Not all plants are able to survive under thesame environmental conditions. Palm trees will not survive in Alaska and pine treeswill not survive in the desert. |
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A Landscape Architect is part of a team designing a new hospital. Where shouldhe look for information on accessibility, handicap parking and slopes of walkways? A. The state guide to handicap friendly design B. ADA C. Local planning board D. AIA |
B. ADA The best place to go to for information regarding accessibility, handicap parkingand grades of walkways is the ADA, American’s with Disabilities Act. The ADA has allof the requirements necessary to properly design a public place to meet the needs ofall people. |
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Which piece of information is not likely to be found on a topographic map? A. Easements B. Spot elevation C. Manholes D. Vegetation E. None of the above |
E. None of the above A topographic map is often used for site inventory when it is available ornecessary. Topographic maps have a main purpose, which is to display the relief of asite by way of contour lines. The topographic map can have any number of physicalor legal pieces of information on it including: easements, property lines, spotelevations, wooded areas, manholes, wetlands, buildings, parking areas, etc. |
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In a cold weather climate, what direction should a building and its windows beorientated? A. North B. South C. Southwest D. Northeast |
B. South In cold weather climates, buildings and their windows should face south in orderto avoid the cold northwest winds in the winter time and to also absorb as much ofthe sun’s rays during the shorter winter days. Orientating the building southwardwill help save on utility costs to heat the building. |
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In order to reduce noise levels on a site, what type of plant should be used? A. Fine textured evergreen B. Broad Leaf evergreen C. Fine textured deciduous D. Thin branched deciduous |
B. Broad Leaf evergreen A broadleaf evergreen is the best option to reduce noise. The leaves are wider,which means that they will cover more area and do a better job at blocking sound.Fine textured evergreens and the two deciduous options do not work that wellbecause sound can pass through the fi ner leaves more easily than it can a broaderleaf and sound can also pass through the branches of a tree when there are no leaveson the tree. |
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A local municipality has just acquired a derelict piece of land by paying areasonable compensation to the owner. This action is called: A. Police power B. Home rule C. Eminent domain D. Due process |
C. Eminent domain By the power of eminent domain, the government has the ability to acquire privateproperty and use it for public projects or economic development as long as a fairprice is paid, especially if the site is derelict. Police power is the ability of thegovernment to enforce order and enact zoning regulations and building codes. Homerule refers to a municipality demanding more freedom from the rulings of a state.Due process protects the rights of the people from the government based on the law. |
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Reservoirs fall under which class of wetlands? A. Riverine B. Lacustrine C. Palustrine D. Estuarine |
B. Lacustrine Wetlands are broken down into five different categories based on theircharacteristics. Marine wetlands include oceans and coastlines. Estuarine wetlandsinclude tidal waters and salty tidal marshes. Riverine wetlands include riversand streams. Palustrine wetlands include marshes, bogs and swamps. Lacustrinewetlands include lakes and reservoirs. |
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In order to change the use of a site from residential to commercial, a LandscapeArchitect must apply for what? A. Building permit B. Variance C. Conveyance D. Easement |
B. Variance In order to change the use of a site, a landowner must apply for a variance withthe town. Through the variance process, the landowner will have to meet in front ofthe local zoning board as well as have a public meeting where citizens can voice theiropinion on whether the variance should be granted or denied. |
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A Landscape Architect has come across a land use plan while conducting a siteinventory for a set of properties that are to be redeveloped. Which of the followingshould not have been a resource when the land use plan was originally created?(Select all that apply) A. Newspapers B. Farmer’s Almanac C. Local historical societies D. United States census |
B. Farmer’s Almanac A farmer’s almanac is not a good place to look for information when designing aland use plan. A US Census will provide the proper population data that is needed toprovide a forecast for future growth. Newspapers and local historical societies canalso provide good information about attitudes towards land, economic conditions andany other pertinent information. |
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Which factor does not affect the rate of runoff? A. Duration of the storm B. Size of the watershed C. Amount of vegetation in watershed D. Size of the catch basin |
D. Size of the catch basin Runoff is affected by the length of the storm, the overall size of the watershedand the amount of vegetation in the watershed. Highly vegetated areas will have lessrunoff than areas with little vegetation. The length of the storm determines thetotal amount of water available for either infi ltration or runoff. The size of thecatch basin has no affect on runoff. It may adversely affect the landscape if it is notbig enough to handle all of the runoff, but it does not affect the rate of runoff. |
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What are the irregularities of the earth’s surface called? A. Slope B. Contours C. Landforms D. Topography E. Physiography |
C. Landforms The irregularities of the earth’s surface are called landforms and are anelement of topography. Slope is a characteristic of landforms and contours can befound on a topographic map. |
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A comprehensive plan will not provide guidelines on which of the following? A. Types of use B. What to preserve C. Types of trees to use in redevelopment D. Location of new development |
C. Types of trees to use in redevelopment Comprehensive plans are meant to guide towns with decisions on what types ofuses should go where, the locations of any new developments and what areas arevaluable and should be preserved. These types of plans do not get into the specifi csof the designs of areas. |
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A Landscape Architect has been asked to site a new home on a property in thenortheast United States. The main requirement is to take advantage of the summerwinds with an outdoor living area connected to the back of the house. Based on thisinformation, which direction should the front of the house be facing? A. Northeast B. Southwest C. Northwest D. Southeast |
A. Northeast The cool southern winds come from the southwest. In order to take advantageof those winds in the backyard of a property, the rear of the house would have to befacing southwest. Therefore the front of the house would have to face northeast. |
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Which of the following pieces of information should a Landscape Architect seekto find when performing a site inventory? (Select all that apply) A. Floor area ratio B. Easements C. Lot coverage limits D. Setbacks |
A. Floor area ratio B. Easements C. Lot coverage limits D. Setbacks Whenever a Landscape Architect is performing a site inventory, it is extremelyimportant to determine all of the local codes and ordinances regarding the propertyso that anything that is designed can be built without any major problems. Among thethings that could impact a design and should be taken into account are zoning issues,easements, lot coverage limits and setbacks. |
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What is the most typical way to display the different existing slope classes on amap during the site inventory phase? A. Different shapes B. Different hatch patterns C. Different colors D. Braille |
C. Different colors During a site inventory, the different gradients of the slope of a site are oftendetermined using GIS and CAD programs. The person conducting the site inventorycan set the ranges that should be displayed on the map, which often depends on theuses for the site and program. The most common way of displaying this data is byportraying the different slope gradients using different colors. |
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A Landscape Architect has been hired by a large corporation to design the newcorporate campus. The corporation has provided four possible sites for the newcampus and has asked for a suitability analysis for each site with a quick turn around.What is the best way to get topographic data that is accurate enough for the analysisas quickly as possible? A. A field survey B. Aerial photographs C. GPS D. LIDAR |
D. LIDAR This question asks for two different things: accurate topographic data and a quickturn around. Aerial photographs can provide a quick turn around, but does not doan adequate job of providing accurate topographic information due to vertical andhorizontal distortion. A fi eld survey will provide accurate topographic data, but thisusually takes a fair amount of time due to the number of sites, the size of the sites,possible dense vegetation on site and steep slopes among other things. GPS is usefulfor determining the location of different items on site such as trees and structures.However they are not as accurate with topographic data. LIDAR is a newer technologythat stands for Light Detection And Ranging. Aircrafts fl y over a site and shootlight onto the sight which is then refl ected back to the aircraft. The light can makeits way through dense vegetation, is quick and provides topographic data accurateenough to conduct a suitability analysis. |
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A watershed is composed of which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Stream channel B. Floodplain C. Upland area |
A. Stream channel B. Floodplain C. Upland area A watershed is an area where all of the water that is either in the ground orfl ows on top of the soil, drains into the same place. A watershed is made up of astream channel, a fl oodplain, upland areas and groundwater. |
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A site inventory has identified several areas on a site with large communitiesof mature deciduous and evergreen trees. What are some of the benefits that thesetrees may provide? (Select all that apply) A. Wind break B. Shade C. Spatial enclosure D. Screening |
A. Wind break B. Shade C. Spatial enclosure D. Screening Trees provide a lot of different benefi ts to a site. More benefi ts than mostpeople would realize. Mature deciduous trees are a good source of shade on a site.Evergreen trees can provide wind breaks, spatial enclosure and screening within asite. That is why it is very important to locate all trees during a site inventory and doas much as possible to protect them during construction. |
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What is the percentage of sand, silt and clay in the soil at the dot indicated in thediagram? A. 40% sand, 55% silt and 5% clay B. 60% sand, 20% silt and 20% clay C. 45% sand, 20% silt and 35% clay D. 80% sand, 10% silt and 10% clay |
C. 45% sand, 20% silt and 35% clay The soil represented in the diagram is 45% sand, 20% silt and 35% clay. It isimportant to know how to read this chart because it is used to classify soils by the USDepartment of Agriculture. |
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What type of wetland system is located in a depression, has plants covering lessthan 30% of the land and has low salinity? A. Lacustrine B. Palustrine C. Estuarine D. Riverine |
A. Lacustrine A lacustrine is a wetland system that is found in a depression, has a low salinitylevel and has a plant cover of less than 30%. A riverine is dominated by plantmaterial, estuarines are semi enclosed at best and palustrines had a salinity levelgreater than 0.5%. |
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What is the ability of a soil to withstand the pressure from a downhill force? A. Plastic limit B. Compressive strength C. Angle of repose D. Shear strength |
D. Shear strength The angle of repose is the maximum angle in which the slope of soil remainsstable. The compressive strength of a soil would refer to the soils ability towithstand compressive forces from directly opposite sides. The plastic limit is thepoint in which soil begins to exhibit plastic behavior. Shear strength is the soilsability to withstand pressure from a downhill force. It is affected by the soil’scomposition, its structure and loading conditions. |
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Mr. August has purchased a piece of property in the Mid-Atlantic United Statesalong the bank of a river. What do his riparian rights guarantee him? A. The ownership of the land under the water B. The right to access the water along his property C. The right to build a boat dock and pier as big as he wants D. That his rights belong only to him as property owner and will not transferwith a change in ownership |
B. The right to access the water along his property Riparian rights are set up to provide legal rights to the land owners adjacentto a body of water, but also protect the rights of the people to use a waterway aswell. Riparian rights grant a land owner access to and from a body of water viatheir property as well as allow them to build out into the water as long as the localgovernment allows it and it does not interfere with the rights of the general public.The land underneath the water always belongs to the state, but the land owner isallowed to anchor a dock within that land. Riparian rights also transfer with thetransference of deed from person to person. |
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Which is not a way in which aquifers can be contaminated? A. Leeching of septic fields B. Surface drainage C. From rivers and streams D. From parking lot runoff that is drained into a sewer system |
D. From parking lot runoff that is drained into a sewer system Aquifers are underground layers of water bearing rocks in which groundwateris taken from by way of wells. They are in danger of contamination by contaminantsthat enter rivers and streams, surface drainage that can pick up contaminants like oiland gasoline and allow them to infi ltrate the soil and through the leeching of septicfi elds. |
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A developer has hired a Landscape Architect to perform a site inventory andanalysis on a potential piece of property. The project that the developer has in mindfor the property is a townhouse development. The land is located within a hillyarea of the state. Which of the following situations should not deter the LandscapeArchitect from recommending the developer to buy the site? A. The site used to be used for logging B. The site is on the top of a hill C. There is a high water table on the site D. The bottom of the slope has been cut into by other developers E. None of the above |
B. The site is on the top of a hill When building on a sloped piece of land, it is essential to take a look at all ofthe conditions surrounding that piece of land before the development is built. If thehill was a former logging area, then it is susceptible to erosion and not a safe placeto build. If a different developer has cut into the bottom of the hill, then it canjeopardize the safety of the hill and make it a candidate for an avalanche. High watertables are not good to build on either. The top of the hill is the only logical place tobuild in this equation. |
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A Landscape Architect is looking to build a plaza that will receive a fair amountof direct sunlight during the early part of the day. The plaza will be used mostly inthe evening. What surface material should be used to keep the area cool during thetime it is used the most and not increase the maintenance costs? A. Concrete B. Dark colored concrete C. Asphalt D. Turf |
A. Concrete If maintenance costs are an issue, then turf should be ruled out immediately.Asphalt has a tendency to be cooler in the morning and warmer at night after it hasabsorbed the sun’s heat and begins to release that heat later in the day. Coloredconcrete is a viable option as long as the color is not dark. A dark color will absorbthe heat more than a lighter concrete and produce a warmer area later in the evening.The regular concrete is the best option because it will be the coolest option and notneed a lot of maintenance. |
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Which of the following is an example of a wetland without soil or hydrophytes? A. Seaweed covered rocky shores B. Marshes C. Swamps D. Tidal flats |
D. Tidal flats When wetlands are classifi ed based on soil and plant conditions, they aregrouped into one of three categories. Marshes and swamps fall under the categoryof areas with hydrophytes and hydric soils. Seaweed covered shores fall under areaswithout soils but with hydrophytes. Tidal fl ats are categorized as areas withouthydrophytes or soil. |
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A Landscape Architect is working on a project to redevelop a downtown citycenter. The Landscape Architect wants to figure out why people use one plaza morethan another. What type of information should be gathered? A. Quantitative data B. Qualitative data C. Census data D. Counts of the amount of people using each plaza |
B. Qualitative data Quantitative data is considered precise data in which a quantity is recorded andbased on numbers. The amount of people who use a plaza can be determined, but notwhy they use it. Counts of the people who use the plaza and census data are bothconsidered to be forms of quantitative data. Qualitative data is less formal and caninvolve such techniques as in-depth interviews and fi eld observations. This is a typeof exact information that will answer the question why. |
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The sun’s rays strike the earth at a specific angle called: A. Angle of repose B. The Azimuth C. The Albedo of the sun D. Angle of incidence |
D. Angle of incidence The angle of incidence is the angle that the sun’s rays strike the earth. Theangle of repose involves soils and the angle with which the slope of soil will remainintact. The azimuth of the sun is the angle of the sun north or south of an east-westline. Albedo is an objects ability to refl ect the sun’s rays. |
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A Landscape Architect has been gathering information during a site inventoryand has discovered that the local township has regulations regarding stairways.The township has stated that the addition of the height of two risers and the lengthof one tread should equal the ideal amount, which is the average stride of a personwalking. What is the amount that the township likely specified? A. 20” B. 24” C. 28” D. 30” |
B. 24” The ideal riser to tread relationship should always add up to between 24” and26”. It allows for a continuous rhythm to take place when a person is walking up thestairs and nicely fi ts in with the average stride of people. |
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What is a viable reason to limit the amount of grade change on a site? (Select allthat apply) A. Cutting may damage plants roots B. Drainage is affected by grade changes C. Removing of soil is expensive D. The soil is not compatible with the proposed use |
A. Cutting may damage plants roots B. Drainage is affected by grade changes C. Removing of soil is expensive Limiting the amount of grade change on a site can be the result of severalthings. Soil removal is expensive and so it will cost more to change the grade of thesoil. Grade changes will also have an impact on roots of trees either through theaccidental cutting of the roots or compaction. The natural drainage is also affectedby grade change and will add costs and problems to either redesign or ignore and fi xlater. These are all viable reasons to limit the amount of grade change on a project.However, non-compatible soils have nothing to do with grade change and shouldactually be realized before the property is even approved for its intended use. |
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What type of parking alignment provides the most amount of parking spaces? A. 45º B. 60º C. 90º D. Parallel parking |
C. 90º In order to provide the most amount of parking spaces in a parking lot, analignment of 90º should be used. Alignments of 45º and 60º tend to waste too muchspace in the aisles of parked cars, but are used when the parking lot does not haveenough room to adequately handle a 90º layout. Parallel parking is mainly used foron street parking and tends to be the most diffi cult for drivers to handle. |
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Rainfall on a construction site is an example of what? A. Microclimate B. Macroclimate C. Climate D. Weather |
D. Weather Rainfall is an example of weather. Climate refers to the statistics oftemperature, wind, rainfall and their quantities and not the actions themselves.Microclimate and macroclimate refer to the climates of smaller and larger areas ofland respectively. |
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The longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere in terms of the amount ofsunlight occurs on: A. March 20 B. June 21 C. July 21 D. September 23 |
B. June 21 The longest day of the year is called the summer solstice and occurs on June 21each year. This is when the sun is at its highest point over the earth and the totalhours of sunlight is the longest. |
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The set of lines that run east to west and are used by the US Survey System arecalled: A. Meridians B. Longitudes C. Latitudes D. Base lines |
D. Base lines Base lines are the set of lines that run east to west and serve as the basis for theUS Survey System. They are the primary parallels, which follow the lines of latitudeof the earth. Meridians and longitudes run north to south. |
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When townships design their drainage system, what type of storm should theydesign it to be able to handle? A. 5 year storm B. 10 year storm C. 25 year storm D. It is up to each township to determine the requirements |
D. It is up to each township to determine the requirements Each township is responsible for setting their own design guidelines in referenceto drainage systems and the size of the storms they should be able to handle. |
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The point on a hill in which the entire slope can be seen is called: A. The high point B. The saddle C. The military crest D. The ridgeline E. The summit |
C. The military crest The military crest is the point on a hill in which the entire slope can be seen. It isconsidered an invaluable location to have by the military. The high point, summit andridgeline are all at the top of a hill and are not necessarily vantage points where theentire slope can be seen. |
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What type of garden design is characterized by rolling hills and naturalisticplantings? A. Italian garden B. English garden C. French garden D. Japanese garden |
B. English garden English gardens are characterized by rolling hills and naturalistic plantings.Italian and French gardens are more formal and orderly. Japanese gardens are oftensimplistic and a main feature is the rock gardens. |
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When speaking about the biology of a site, which of the following terms wouldapply: A. Drainage patterns B. Microclimate C. Visual quality D. Natural corridor |
D. Natural corridor Drainage patterns and microclimate both fall under the physical attributes of asite. Other physical attributes include: water tables, depth to bedrock, soils, slopeand wind direction. The visual quality of a site is a reference to one of the culturalattributes of the site. Whether a site has good views or bad views or any views hasnothing to do with the biology of the site. When referring to the biology of thesite, one can easily be speaking about natural corridors. Plants and animals travelbetween different communities through natural corridors and are an importantfeature in the landscape to keep these communities of species alive and thriving. Manmade corridors may fall under cultural attributes or physical attributes. |
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A hedgerow is the result of what type of corridor system? A. Grid B. Linear C. Interfluve D. Riparian |
A. Grid Hedgerows form in the landscape because of grid corridors. Grid corridorsare not as wide as other corridors and usually occur along roadways or behinddevelopments and this is where the hedgerows develop. |
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Which of the following areas would not be a good candidate for preservation? A. A row of buildings in the town center that have changed physically over theyears B. A wetland system C. An old building, which was used by military officers during therevolutionary war D. A two-hundred acre family owned farm E. None of the above |
A. A row of buildings in the town center that have changed physically over the years Preservation of buildings and land is intended to save those properties, whichhave signifi cant ecological or historical value associated with them. Farmlandthat is at risk to be developed is a candidate to be preserved. A historical war timebuilding is part of the community’s history and is a candidate to be preserved. Awetland system has a high ecological value and is a candidate to be preserved. A rowof old buildings that has changed a lot over the years may have longevity, but itspreservation value has eroded due to signifi cant changes. |
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The use of plant materials to filter pollutants and providing drainage pipes onlyfor overflow in a parking lot is called: A. Recharge trench B. Infiltration bed C. Infiltration well D. Bioretention pond |
D. Bioretention pond Bioretention ponds are designed to fi lter pollutants on site using plantmaterials and only allow overfl ow water to drain into the pipes with the restinfi ltrating the soil. This type of design should occur on smaller sites with a gentle slope and a low water table to prevent contamination of the groundwater. The otherthree options are good at allowing water to infi ltrate the soil, but do not rely onplant material to filter out pollutants. |
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Thuja occidentalis has what type of form? A. Pyramidal B. Spreading C. Rounded D. Fastigiate |
D. Fastigiate Thuja occidentalis has a fastigiate form. Fastigiate is an upright form of plant inwhich the plant is generally the same width from the top to the bottom. A pyramidalform would be similar to a pine tree. A rounded form is similar to a globe spruce. Aspreading form would likely be found on a low growing juniper. |
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Mulvey construction is being offered two adjacent pieces of land for their nextresidential development. Before making the purchase of the land, a site inventory andanalysis is commissioned. Several issues have been raised during the site analysis.Which of the following factors would not affect the development of the land for itsintended purposes? (Select all that apply) A. Wetlands on site B. Gently sloped site C. Deed restrictions D. Noise from a nearby site |
B. Gently sloped site What is known about the site is that there are two pieces of land to be combinedfor a new residential community. Noise pollution from a nearby site would make itvery hard to sell new homes and would affect the development of the site. Any typeof deed restrictions on the two pieces of land might make development impossibleand thereby is another factor to take into account. Wetlands on site would limit theamount of development on site and affect the overall scope of the project. A gentlysloped site would not have any affect on whether new homes could be built. Steepslopes might make the developer reconsider purchasing property, but not gentlysloped land. |
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Which of the following does not affect the comfort level in an urbanenvironment? A. Air temperature B. Humidity C. Solar radiation D. Air pollution E. Wind F. None of the above |
F. None of the above Air temperature, humidity, the wind, solar radiation and air pollution all affectthe comfort level of people in an urban environment. For better or worse, they willall play a role in determining if a person is too hot, too cold, too sweaty, etc. |
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A Landscape Architect has noticed that the wetlands on the site are fed by a locallake and stream. What type of wetlands are they? A. Riparian wetlands B. Ground water wetlands C. Surface wetlands D. Composite wetlands |
D. Composite wetlands A composite wetland is that in which local lakes and streams feed the system withwater. Riparian wetlands are fed mainly by streams. Groundwater wetlands are fedby high water tables. Surface wetlands are fed by runoff. |
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While preparing an environmental impact statement, the Landscape Architectneeds to take a sampling of the existing vegetation on site. The study area is to besubdivided and the sampling areas are to be chosen based on aerial photographs of thesite. What type of sampling is this? A. Quadrant B. Stratified C. Random D. Systematic |
B. Stratified Stratifi ed sampling allows specifi c areas to be chosen beforehand for samplingusing such items as aerial photographs. As long as no elements are excluded, this isa viable method of sampling. Systematic sampling is a random sampling method usinga systematic approach. For example, a sample can be taken at 15’ intervals off of aline, but the direction off the line at each interval and the distance from the intervalis random. Quadrant sampling involves setting up individual quadrants throughouta property and everything within that quadrant be recorded. Random sampling isunpredictable. |
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Spot elevations are needed at all of the following locations except: A. Manholes B. Corners of buildings C. Landings D. Playground equipment E. Retaining walls |
D. Playground equipment Spot elevations should be indicated at the corners of buildings, manhole covers,landings, tops and bottoms of retaining walls and steps, high points of swales, invertelevations and rim elevations to name a few. Playground equipment does not need spotelevations. |
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Which of the following is not a good option to install in a plaza that receivesdirect sunlight at low angles and needs to keep the amount of solar reflection down? A. Asphalt pavement B. Planters with deciduous shrubs C. A pool D. Brick pavement E. Concrete pavement |
C. A pool A pool is a poor choice to install because it will refl ect the sunlight and cause alot of glare on other surfaces and in the eyes of people. A fountain that has a lot ofjets and keeps the surface of the water from being too glassy is a better option. |
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Data analysis is needed for the wetlands and surface geology of a site. Whatform of technology is best suited to provide this information? A. GIS B. GPS C. Georeferencing D. LIDAR |
A. GIS Georeferencing refers to defi ning an item’s location via a coordinate system ormap projection. For example, taking an aerial photograph and defi ning its locationon a map. Much of the data that is created using georeferencing is used with GIStechnology, but it does not provide data analysis, just the data. GPS is technologyused to locate and map different physical items on a site, but again provides noanalysis. LIDAR uses air crafts and light to create digital models of sites, but doesnot provide data analysis. GIS is the technology that will take the data createdregarding a site and make it usable for whatever analysis needs to be provided. |
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Crops such as corn, lettuce and watermelon are examples of what type of plant? A. Annuals B. Biennials C. Perennials D. Woody shrubs |
A. Annuals These types of crops are considered to be annuals because they complete theirentire life cycle in a year or less. Biennials take two years to grow, flower andsetting their seed before they die. Perennials live beyond two years and woodyshrubs would be an example of a perennial. |
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Tardiff Developers is in the market for a piece of land to build a new commercialbuilding with four levels of underground parking. A Landscape Architect hasbeen hired to perform a site analysis on four potential pieces of land and give arecommendation for the site that will likely have the lowest cost of construction.The soil tests on each site have come back with results that will have costs witha wide range. Which of the following sites would the Landscape Architect likelyrecommend? A. Site A has bedrock ten feet below the surface B. Site B has a water table fifteen feet below the surface C. Site C has bedrock thirty feet below the surface D. Site D has bedrock sixty feet below the surface |
D. Site D has bedrock sixty feet below the surface The developer is looking to build a structure with four levels of undergroundparking. If each level is one story tall, then the parking will extend at leastforty feet underground. Excavating bedrock is a huge expense due to the time andresources it takes to remove it. Therefore, sites A and C should be eliminated due tothe need to excavate bedrock. Site B has a high water table which can also prove to becostly to deal with. Extensive shoring and pumping of the water will be needed justto excavate as well as waterproofi ng of the structure itself during construction.Based on the available information, the Landscape Architect will recommend that siteD be purchased as it will have the cheapest cost of construction. |
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A landscape architect is set to work on a design for a parcel of land that takes upone quarter of a section. How large is the parcel of land? A. 80 acres B. 160 acres C. 320 acres D. 640 acres |
B. 160 acres One section is made up of 640 acres of land. One quarter of a section wouldequal 160 acres. |
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Limestone and sandstone are considered what types of rock? A. Igneous B. Metamorphic C. Sedimentary D. None of the above |
C. Sedimentary Limestone and sandstone are considered to be sedimentary rocks. Sedimentaryrocks are formed when sediments are deposited by the wind, water, gravity, etc. andthe pressure forces them together into rock layers. Sedimentary rocks are the mostcommon rocks and make for good uses in outdoor living spaces. |
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What is it called when the atmosphere traps the energy of the sun and does notlet it transmit back into space, thereby raising the temperature of the earth? A. Conduction B. Radiation C. Greenhouse effect D. Greenhouse gases |
C. Greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect refers to the trapping of the sun’s energy by theatmosphere and the subsequent raising of the temperature of the earth. Without thegreenhouse effect, the temperature of the earth would be signifi cantly cooler. |
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What is the average amount of car trips generated per typical household on agiven day? A. 8 trips per day B. 13 trips per day C. 3 trips per day D. 20 trips per day |
B. 13 trips per day The average household takes 13 car trips per day. Thanks in part to the rise ofurban sprawl; the vehicle has become a necessity for many households to do manyroutine tasks that used to be done by either walking or public transport. |
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What is the proper location of the parcel of land marked with an X in thefollowing diagram? A. S 1/2 of NE 1/4 of section 21 B. NE 1/2 of S 1/2 of section 22 C. NE 1/4 of S 1/2 of section 21 D. S 1/2 of NE 1/4 of section 22 |
D. S 1/2 of NE 1/4 of section 22 Parcels of land are identifi ed from the smallest division to the quadrangle itis located in. Therefore, the parcel is located in the south half of its quadrant. Itsquadrant is considered the northeast quadrant. Therefore, the parcel of land wouldbe identifi ed as S 1/2 of the NE 1/4 of section 22. |
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Which of the following layers is not important when creating a solar radiationmap using GIS? A. Slope gradient B. Slope aspect C. Vegetation D. None of the above |
D. None of the above The microclimate of a site is a very important piece of information to understandwhen conducting a site inventory and analysis. The amount of energy needed toheat and cool buildings and the comfort of people using the site are main piecesof information that come out of understanding the microclimate. Therefore, whenputting together a solar radiation map, it is important to use the slope gradient, slopeaspect and vegetation layers to come up with a map that is useful to the analysis. |
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The Landscape Architect on a project has given the contractor a survey thatcontains the true property corners and property lines of the property as well as allnatural man made features that are existing and proposed. The survey also includesthe existing and proposed contours. What type of survey has the contractor beengiven? A. Boundary Survey B. Topographic survey C. Plot plan survey D. Mortgage survey |
C. Plot plan survey A mortgage survey shows the property boundaries and building locations,but does not show topography. A topographic survey shows the contour lines of aspecifi ed piece of land and will not show proposed structures. A boundary surveydelineates the boundary of a piece of land in legal terms. A plot plan survey showsall existing and proposed items as well as contours and site boundaries. |
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A site analysis will generally provide information on which of the following? A. Slope B. Vegetation C. Utilities D. A and B E. A and C F. All of the above |
F. All of the above A site analysis is intended to analyze all of the information on a site inventory.The site inventory will have detailed information about the vegetation, topographyand utilities located on a site. Therefore, the site analysis will need to take all ofthat into account. |
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What type of survey should be submitted to the local municipality in order toobtain building permits? A. Quantity Survey B. Cadastral Survey C. Boundary Survey D. Land Survey |
C. Boundary Survey A land survey is used to establish lengths and directions of boundary lines andnot necessary for building permits. A cadastral survey is used to restore propertylines in the Public Land Survey System. A quantity survey is used in construction toobtain the quantities of work to take place on a site. A boundary survey is used toestablish the true property corners of a lot and is needed to obtain a building permit. |
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Sebastian has just bought a piece of oceanfront property. His realtor hasinformed him that there are some laws restricting his ability to develop on the land.What is the highest level of government that would play a role in protecting andpreserving the coastline in relation to Sebastian’s property? A. Federal B. State C. County D. Local |
A. Federal For the most part, all land use codes and regulations are dealt with on alocal level. Local governments have the right to determine what can be built wherewithin their borders and are in charge of policing it. However, there are certaininstances when regulations go further up the chain to the state and then federallevel. Properties that are within fl ood prone areas and along the coastline havetheir regulations and laws dictated by partnerships between the federal governmentand individual states. Therefore, the federal government plays a role through itsagencies and partnerships to protect the coastline and make sure that people cannotjust build anything they want at the expense of the land itself. |
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In order to maintain a grass slope with a lawn mower, what should the maximumslope be? A. 4:1 B. 2:1 C. 3:1 D. 5:1 |
C. 3:1 The maximum grade of a slope that is to be mowed is 3:1. Anything more than thisand a lawn mower will not be able to handle the slope. It is preferred that this slopebe avoided whenever possible because it is not ideal for mowing and is more of a worstcase scenario. |
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The minimum distance between consecutive intersections with an arterial roadshould be: A. 50’ B. 75’ C. 150’ D. 225’ |
C. 150’ For safety reasons, consecutive intersections should be placed at least 125’apart. |
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The weather conditions of a small city are a product of what? A. Microclimate B. Albedo C. Conduction D. Macroclimate |
D. Macroclimate The weather conditions of a small city are the result of the macroclimate.Microclimate deals with the conditions on a smaller scale such as a residence. Albedoand conduction deal with the sun and are factors that need to be taken into accountwith microclimate. |
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This drawing is an example of what? A. Ridge line B. Concave slope C. Convex slope D. Knoll |
C. Convex slope The image shown is an example of a convex slope. A convex slope tends to bowoutwards and be less stable than a concave slope, which bows inward. A ridge linewould show the connection of at least two different high points of hills. A knoll isa small grassy hill and the drawing does not provide enough information to correctlyidentify it as a knoll. |
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During the site inventory of a new project, the Landscape Architect hasdiscovered that there is a nearby property that is responsible for a good amount ofnoise pollution on the site being designed. The developer would still like to build onthe site, but is interested in building a sound barrier to block out as much noise aspossible. Which factors should be considered when determining the effectiveness ofthe sound barrier? (Select all that apply) A. Height of barrier B. Distance to area it is protecting C. Length of barrier D. Mass of barrier E. Continuity of barrier |
A. Height of barrier B. Distance to area it is protecting C. Length of barrier D. Mass of barrier E. Continuity of barrier Sound barriers rely on several factors to determine their effectiveness. Onefactor is the distance the barrier is placed between the sound source and the areait is protecting. The length, height and mass of the barrier will also play a role inits effectiveness. Finally, the continuity of the barrier also plays an important rolebecause if the barrier is not continuous and there are breaks in the wall, then soundcan penetrate the hole and render the barrier useless. |
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In surveying, mean sea level is a reference line called a? A. Temporary bench mark B. Elevation C. Datum D. Permanent bench mark |
C. Datum Mean sea level is a reference line called a datum. This line is considered tohave an elevation of zero and other points on the earth are measured to have anelevation either below or about sea level. A bench mark is a reference point with aknown elevation, which usually references the elevation above or below sea level. |
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A wind break can be made of which of the following? A. Man made structures B. Mound of earth C. Hedge of plants D. A and B E. All of the above |
E. All of the above Wind breaks come in all different shapes, sizes and materials. Mounds of earthcan be built up to provide protection from the wind. Tall walls can be built toprovide shelter. Hedges of plant materials provide a living wind break as well. |
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Which area of the forest has the highest amount of flora diversity? A. The middle B. Diversity depends on the type of forest and is different for each C. The edge D. Diversity is equal throughout |
C. The edge The edge of the forest allows for the most amount of plant diversity becausethere is the most amount of sunlight that is able to pass through to the understoryat the edge. |
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A Landscape Architect has been sub contracted by an architect to provide someanalysis of the suitability of a site. He has been contracted to provide three thematicmaps for presentation. Which map would not be a part of the Landscape Architect’sthematic map set? A. Elevation range map B. Topographic map C. Land use map D. Soil suitability map |
B. Topographic map A thematic map is one in which a single attribute or theme is expressed on a map.These types of maps can express anything from physical properties, social, culturalor economic qualities of the land in question. A common example of a thematic mapis a plant hardiness map of the United States. It shows one quality, plant hardiness,with different ranges throughout the entire country mapped by different colors andsuitability. Other examples include land use, elevation range and soil suitabilitymaps. |
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What is the study of the origin of landforms with a main emphasis on erosioncalled? A. Physiography B. Topography C. Geomorphology D. Slope analysis |
C. Geomorphology Geomorphology is the study of landforms and the way they are created by suchthings as erosion. This is important to know because it is used to analyze the effectweathering and erosion have on the earth as well as the effect that streams and thewind have on the earth and the movement of earth. All of this information can beapplied to site planning due to the understanding of what is going to happen to thesite and its features over time. |
