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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Effective communication will solve all problems people encounter in their relationships.
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FALSE
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An increased use of cell phones in recent years has helped to improve relationships and communication.
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FALSE. According to one study, the more people used their cell phones, the less happy they were, the less satisfied they were with their families, and the more likely they were to say their work lives "spilled over" into their family lives.
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We all spend a great deal of our time communicating, whether face-to-face or electronically. Which of the following is the average number of text messages the average American sends per month?
A. 1,557 B. 857 C. 357 D. 57 |
357
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Which of the following represents how American adults rate their communication skills?
A. Sixty percent rate their communication skills as above average. B. Forty-three percent rate their communication skills as average. C. More than ninety percent rate their communication skills as above average. D. Twenty-six percent rate their communication skills as below average. |
More than ninety percent rate their communication skills as above average.
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What percentage of American teenagers sleep with, or next to, their cell phones?
A. 7 percent B. 27 percent C. 47 percent D. 87 percent |
87 percent
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Michael is considered a recluse in his neighborhood because his neighbors rarely see him leave his home and he rarely speaks to anyone. However, unbeknownst to his neighbors, every day the postal carrier stops in at Michael's house for five minutes and has a quick cup of tea. This communication is filling which type of need for Michael?
A. physical needs B. identity needs C. instrumental needs D. spiritual needs E. All of these choices are correct. |
physical needs
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Amaya tells a potential boyfriend that she "loves to party and have fun." This communication is filling which type of need for Amaya?
A. physical needs B. identity needs C. instrumental needs D. spiritual needs E. All of these choices are correct. |
identity needs
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What was the result of German Emperor Frederick II's language experiment?
A. Some babies learned language. B. Some babies learned nurturing from their caregivers. C. Some babies died. D. All the babies in the experiment died. |
All the babies in the experiment died.
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Companionship and affection, relaxation and escape are all what type of needs?
A. physical needs B. relational needs C. identity needs D. instrumental needs |
relational needs
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Which of the following is true regarding immigrants and communication channels?
A. Immigrants can easily adapt to their new culture. B. Immigrants already know a language and do not need additional channels. C. Immigrants often struggle to learn the language of their new culture. D. Immigrants have no need to adapt to a new culture and new channels. |
Immigrants often struggle to learn the language of their new culture.
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Which of the following is the cause-and-effect relationship between marriage and happiness?
A. Happy people are usually married. B. Married people are usually happy. C. Married people are less likely to be happy. D. It is not clear if marriage brings happiness, or if happiness results in marriage. |
It is not clear if marriage brings happiness, or if happiness results in marriage.
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Kelly used communication to apply for his job and to earn a promotion at work. He also used communication to schedule the cable television installation at his apartment. In all these instances, Kelly used communication to meet which of his needs?
A. relational B. instrumental C. spiritual D. identity |
instrumental
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Which model of communication views communication as a one-way process?
A. the action model B. the interaction model C. the transaction model D. These models all view communication as a one-way process. |
the action model
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John was trying to listen to Carmen, but the coffeehouse was noisy and he was worried about an upcoming exam, so he was having a hard time concentrating on what she was saying. John was experiencing which of the following?
A. a receiver B. a channel C. noise D. decoding |
noise
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Which of the following elements does the interaction model add to the action model of communication?
A. receiver and sender B. encoding and decoding C. transaction D. context and feedback |
context and feedback
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Al knows that Carly is not home when he calls, but he leaves a message on Carly's answering machine anyway. In this case, which communication model(s) is/are being used?
A. the action model B. the interaction model C. the transaction model D. the interaction and the transaction models |
the action model
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Environments that use relatively few communication channels are known as which of the following?
A. channel-poor B. channel-rich C. channel-lean D. channel-thick |
channel-lean
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Sending a text message is considered a ________ context.
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channel-lean
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Cory and Cody have been listening to Professor Jones's lecture and viewing the accompanying PowerPoint presentation. Cory finds the material to be fascinating, while Cody is bored half to death. This is an example of which of the following?
A. communication passing through perceptual filters B. communication passing through channel-lean contexts C. people giving communication its meaning D. communication being governed by rules |
communication passing through perceptual filters
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Jasmine and her boyfriend meet for coffee to talk about how they can communicate better with each other. This is an example of which of the following?
A. a symbol B. content dimension C. relational dimension D. metacommunication |
metacommunication
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Even though no one has ever really told him to do so, Bruce knows that he should thank Sandy for holding the door open for him while he enters the classroom This knowledge is an example of which of the following?
A. explicit rules B. implicit rules C. local laws D. explicit university rules |
implicit rules
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The other day, you thought your roommate was talking to you, but when you asked him, he said, "Don't mind me. I'm just thinking out loud." This is an example of which of the following types of communication?
A. interpersonal B. intrapersonal C. mass D. public |
intrapersonal
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Which of the following statements is accurate?
A. Communication is inherently good. B. Communication will solve any problem. C. More communication is always better. D. Communication cannot break down. |
Communication cannot break down.
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Communicating appropriately can be challenging when interacting with people from other cultures because of which of the following issues?
A. They do not speak a language we can understand. B. They do not want to speak a language we can understand. C. Other cultures have no specific communication rules. D. Many communication rules are culture-bound. |
Many communication rules are culture-bound.
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Alonzo met with Professor Johnson in the professor's office. Professor Johnson kept rushing the conversation, and she was frequently looking at her computer and her watch. At first Alonzo thought he was boring her, but then he remembered Professor Johnson had grading to finish so she could turn in final grades to the administration on time. Professor Johnson had also mentioned at the beginning of their meeting that she had an appointment with another student in fifteen minutes. Alonzo made his discussion fit the abbreviated time, and he was not offended by the professor's rushed communication. In which of the following ways did Alonzo display competent communication in this situation?
A. Alonzo displayed ethical behavior. B. Alonzo displayed cognitive complexity. C. Alonzo displayed empathy. D. Alonzo displayed self-monitoring behavior. |
Alonzo displayed cognitive complexity.
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Who talks more on average, men or women?
• men. • women. • Men and women speak about the same number of words per day. • It is not known which gender talks more on average. |
Men and women speak about the same number of words per day.
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Approximately how many words does a man or woman speak in the average day?
• one hundred sixty • one thousand six hundred • sixteen thousand • one hundred sixty thousand |
sixteen thousand
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If Facebook were its own country, it would be the third most populous country in the world after which other two countries?
• the United States and Mexico • India and Japan • China and India • the United States and China |
China and India
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Facebook is available in two hundred different languages.
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FALSE. Facebook is available in seventy different languages.
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Culture is a property of which of the following?
• people • countries • ethnicities • economic class |
people
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A group of people who share common symbols, language, values, and norms is known as which of the following?
• a society • a country • an ethnicity • an economic class |
a society
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Marissa was born in the eastern part of Europe, but her parents moved with her to the United States when she was a young child. She learned the traditions, values, and language of the United States. Marissa acquired culture through which of the following?
• nationality • enculturation • ethnicity • economic status |
enculturation
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A co-culture is best described as which of the following?
• a group that is located near another culture • a group that encompasses a culture • a group that inherits a culture • a smaller group than the culture with which one identifies |
a smaller group than the culture with which one identifies
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Ben tends to hang out with his coworkers at a local restaurant. Some of their conversations include jargon, which is best described as which of the following?
• terminology that is only understood by others in the same co-culture • terminology that is only understood by other co-cultures • terminology that is understood by all other co-cultures • terminology that is understood by everyone in Ben's culture |
terminology that is only understood by others in the same co-culture
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Brenda prefers to work alone on all her class projects because she wants to be in full control of her own grade, and she feels that she needs to take care of herself first. It is most likely that Brenda is part of which type of culture?
• collectivistic • individualistic • low-context • high-power-distance |
individualistic
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Trent becomes quite annoyed when his roommate talks to him in ways that hint at what he wants to say but fail to get to the point. Trent is most likely a member of which of the following type of culture?
• collectivistic • individualistic • low-context • high-power-distance |
low-context. Low-context cultures prefer direct communication and do not like to "beat around the bush."
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Franco's father is a member of the national parliament. Franco has to make choices about his friendships and romantic partner. Catalina comes from a well-to-do family and her father is the local mayor. Franco perceives Catalina has a similar socioeconomic status; therefore, he is likely to ask Catalina on a date. Franco is most likely from which of the following cultures?
• a high-power-distance culture • a low-power-distance culture • a high-context culture • a low-context culture |
a high-power-distance culture. People in high-power-distance cultures believe that the distribution of resources is not equal, and there is pressure to choose friends and mates from within one's own social class.
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Troy is a stay-at-home dad, and his wife works outside the home. In their culture, this is a common and acceptable arrangement. Troy and his wife most likely live in which type of culture?
• highly masculine • high-power-distance • highly polychronic • highly feminine |
highly feminine. In feminine cultures, people do not believe that the roles of males and females are strictly differentiated. So it does not matter as much who tends to the household and who is the primary breadwinner.
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Cultures that view time as more holistic and fluid and less structured are best described as which type of culture?
• masculine • high-power-distance • polychronic • feminine |
polychronic. While monochronic cultures see time as a commodity to be saved, spent, and wasted, polychronic cultures view time as more holistic and fluid and less structured.
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Rolf invited Pablo to meet him for lunch at a local restaurant at 1 p.m. on Monday. Rolf arrived at 12:50 p.m. and ordered drinks and an appetizer so that they would be served when Pablo arrived. Rolf became agitated when Pablo did not arrive at 1 p.m. Rolf was very angry with Pablo when he arrived at 1:40 p.m. and acted as though he were on time for the lunch. Which of the following best describes this situation?
• Rolf is from a polychronic culture; Pablo is from a monochronic culture. • Rolf is from a monochronic culture; Pablo is from a polychronic culture. • Rolf is from a polychronic culture; Pablo is from a polychronic culture. • Rolf is from a monochronic culture; Pablo is from a monochronic culture. |
Rolf is from a polychronic culture; Pablo is from a monochronic culture. In monochronic cultures, promptness for appointments is valued, while in polychronic cultures, appointment times are more "ballpark figures" and are less rigid.
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The belief that most people think the same way we do is known as which of the following?
• expectancy violations • uncertainty avoidance • ethnocentrism • similarity assumption |
similarity assumption
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Being flexible and respectful in interactions with people from other cultures involves changing behaviors to accommodate what others are doing. This is best described as which of the following?
• adapting • disordering • disclosing • revising |
adapting
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Which of the following terms refers to a culture's expectations for male and female behavior?
• sex • gender roles • sexual orientation • gender |
gender roles
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When DeShaun's son fell and scraped his knee, his father told him to "man up." DeShaun is encouraging his son to enact which of the following gender roles?
• androgynous • feminine • masculine • biological |
masculine. A masculine gender role, typically assigned to men, emphasizes strength, dominance, competition, and logical thinking.
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Pat and Chris are two adults engaged in conversation. Pat is much more likely to touch Chris than Chris is to touch Pat. According to research, which of the following is most likely true about Pat and Chris?
• Pat and Chris are both male. • Pat is male and Chris is female. • Pat is female and Chris is male. • Pat and Chris are both female. |
Pat is male and Chris is female. Men are more likely to touch women than women are to touch men, unless the touch is occurring as part of a greeting (such as a handshake).
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Regina and Max are best friends. When you watch them communicate, you notice that they express emotions differently. Knowing what you know about sex differences and emotion expression, which of the following is most likely true of the way Regina and Max express emotion?
• Max expresses more positive emotions than Regina does. • Max experiences more emotions than Regina does. • Regina experiences more emotions than Max does. • Regina expresses more positive emotions than Max does. |
Regina expresses more positive emotions than Max does. Women generally express more positive emotions, such as happiness and joy, than men do.
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The ideas that women talk more than men and women are more emotional than men are __________ that communication research largely does not confirm.
• stereotypes • prejudices • self-fulfilling prophecies • truisms |
stereotypes. Claims that women and men differ in all areas of their lives may be exaggerations and are based on stereotypes of masculine and feminine communication.
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Giles possesses both masculine and feminine characteristics. How might Giles be described?
• masculine • feminine • asexual • androgynous |
androgynous. Androgyny is a gender role characterized by a combination of masculine and feminine traits.
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Friends that have known you for a long time can describe you more accurately than a stranger can.
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FALSE. One study showed that strangers were more accurate than close friends in describing three of five dimensions of participants' personalities.
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When communicating online, it's best to create avatars (online representations of oneself) that are human-looking and have a defined gender.
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TRUE. Research shows that human-looking avatars are more credible and attractive, and that people prefer interacting with avatars that are perceived as clearly male or female.
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More information always leads to more accurate perceptions.
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FALSE. Often, our initial perceptions are incredibly accurate, and while gathering more information can make our perceptions more accurate, it doesn't
always make them so. |
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When forming impressions of others, it is important to realize that first impressions
• can be misleading. • are always an accurate indication of what a person is like. • are never an accurate representation of what someone is like. • All of these choices are correct. |
can be misleading. First impressions can be misleading. However, research shows that in some cases, our "snap judgments" are surprisingly accurate.
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The factor(s) that play(s) a role in the accuracy of our perceptions are our
• physiological states, such as feeling tired. • our cultural values. • our social roles. • All of these choices are correct. |
All of these choices are correct. The factors that influence our perceptual accuracy are physiological states and traits, cultural values, and social roles.
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When Brandon's friend Caitlyn started to smile at him more and touch his arm when she laughed, Brandon began to consider what her nonverbal communication meant. Brandon was engaged in which of the following stages of the perception process?
• selection • organization • interpretation • negativity bias |
interpretation. During the interpretation stage, we assign meaning to the stimuli we've selected and organized.
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Brandi has been bombarded with noise and messages while she is trying to focus on Professor Johnson's lecture. She is not paying attention to anything but that lecture. Brandi is engaged in which of the following?
• selection • organization • interpretation • persuading |
selection. Selection is the process in which your mind and body help you choose certain stimuli to attend to.
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When Jade learns that her history professor will not accept late work and is a very tough grader, she applies what type of construct to her teacher?
• physical • interaction • role • psychological |
interaction. Noting the instructor's policies as "tough," Jade organizes that information as part of an interaction construct as she considers how her instructor behaves.
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Carl is waiting at the airport to pick up Aunt Tillie, whom he has not seen for quite some time. As people begin leaving the plane, Carl notices a short, older woman who resembles his mother. Carl is using which of the following constructs?
• physical constructs • role constructs • interaction constructs • psychological constructs |
physical constructs. Physical constructs emphasize people's appearance and objective characteristics (such as height, age, ethnicity, and body shape), as well as subjective characteristics (such as physical attractiveness).
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Brittany doesn't understand why her dad just won't add texting to his cell phone plan; her father doesn't understand why Brittany can't just call him. Each fails to understand the other's
• co-culture. • ethnicity. • gender role. • social role. |
co-culture. Each of us has multiple "lenses" through which we perceive the world. Sometimes these norms are the products of the smaller cultural groups, or co-cultures, to which we belong.
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Because we have cultures, stereotypes, primacy and recency effects, and our own perceptual sets, we
• are experts at perceiving the communication behaviors of others. • are not experts at perceiving the communication behaviors of others. • generally ask experts for help in perceiving the communication behaviors of others. • already know how people communicate because we communicate. |
are not experts at perceiving the communication behaviors of others.
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When we identify a group we believe a particular person belongs to, recall generalizations about the people in that group, and apply those generalizations to that person, we are engaging in which of the following?
• cultural influence • stereotyping • the primacy effect • the recency effect |
stereotyping. Stereotyping is a three-part process, which includes identifying a group we believe a person belongs to, recalling generalizations about the people in that group, and applying those generalizations to that person.
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Mike liked his speech teacher on the very first day of class. He liked her energy and enthusiasm and her interactive approach. On the last day of class, his assessment was still positive. What fundamental force of perception is at work here?
• stereotyping • the perceptual set • the primacy effect • egocentrism |
the primacy effect. The primacy effect is the tendency to emphasize the first impression over later impressions when forming a perception. Research has shown that the first information we learn about someone tends to have a stronger effect on how we perceive that person than information we learn later on.
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When Chris met Carol some weeks ago, he liked her, but he learned that she constantly interrupts him and others. This is a pet peeve of his, and it has become too much for him. This is an example of which of the following?
• stereotyping • the recency effect • negativity bias • organization |
negativity bias. Negativity bias is the tendency to weigh negative information more heavily than positive information.
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"I'll see it when I believe it." This is a motto that may be applied to which of the following?
• stereotyping • the recency effect • the primacy effect • the perceptual set |
the perceptual set. The perceptual set describes a predisposition to perceive only what we want or expect to perceive; thus the motto, "I'll see it when I believe it."
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A permanent, semipermanent, or not easily changed cause of a behavior is referred to in which dimension of attributions?
• controllability • stability • locus • stereotyping |
stability. A stable cause of behavior is permanent, semipermanent, or not easily changed.
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When attributing whether the cause of a behavior is outside us or within us, we are referring to which of the following?
• controllability • stability • locus • stereotyping |
locus. Locus refers to where the cause of a behavior is located. The cause may be internal or external.
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Every time Genevieve gets on the phone, her five-year-old daughter interrupts her and pesters her with questions. Genevieve has tried to explain to her daughter that she should not interrupt her when she is on the phone, but her daughter just does not seem to understand. Which fundamental force is at work here?
• egocentrism • positivity bias • the recency effect • the perceptual set |
egocentrism. People who lack the ability to take in another person's perspective are egocentric.
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Lance received a semester grade of C in his communication course with Professor Meany. Lance always receives Bs, and he studied for the final exam in this class. However, he thinks Professor Meany added questions to the exam that were not in the study guide, and that is why he received a lower-than-expected grade. Lance is applying which of the following to the situation?
• stability • the fundamental attribution error • stereotyping • the self-serving bias |
the self-serving bias. Lance blames Professor Meany for his lower-than-expected grade in class. So Lance is using the self-serving bias, which is the tendency to attribute successes to internal causes (oneself) and failures to external causes (someone else).
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While out to dinner with her husband, Patricia noticed a noisy table nearby giving the waiter a hard time. The teenagers were sending their food back and talking loudly on their phones at the table. "Teenagers are so self-centered," Patricia thought. Which type of attribution error did Patricia make?
• the self-serving bias • the fundamental attribution error • overattribution • the recency effect |
the fundamental attribution error. The fundamental attribution error occurs when we attribute people's behaviors to internal rather than external causes.
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On the first day of class when everyone did a short introduction speech, Jill stated that she competed in pageants and worked as a model. When Paige saw Jill fixing her hair in the bathroom after class, she determined that Jill was shallow. What type of attribution error did Paige make?
• the self-serving bias • the fundamental attribution error • overattribution • the locus of control |
overattribution. Overattribution occurs when we single out one or two obvious characteristics of a person and then attribute everything he or she does to those characteristics.
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In making meaning of her boss slamming the door to her office, Randi should use all of the following
• except her personal experience. • her relationship with her boss. • her knowledge of her boss. • her own mood and feelings. |
her own mood and feelings. When trying to improve your perceptual abilities, it is important to be mindful of your own perceptions, your knowledge of others, and the context—not your own mood and feelings.
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Sara saw her manager talking to her friend Joe when she arrived at work. She later heard that someone, a guy, had been fired earlier in the shift. She had heard rumors that Joe often gave his friends free food and figured he had finally been caught. If Sara focuses on separating fact from interpretation, which factor would be considered fact?
• Joe got caught. • Joe had been fired. • The manager was talking to Joe. • Joe often gave his friends free food. |
The manager was talking to Joe. Sara directly observed her manager talking to Joe. Objective facts, events directly observed or heard, are different from interpretations of facts.
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Which of the following is not an element of direct perception checking?
• acknowledging the behavior you witnessed • interpreting the behavior • asking whether your interpretation was correct • reflecting on other people's perceptions of you |
reflecting on other people's perceptions of you. Direct perception checking involves simply asking other people if your perception of a situation is accurate by acknowledging what you witnessed, offering your interpretation, and then asking if it was correct.
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Minsun noticed that her parents seem angry with each other, but she is not sure if this perception is correct. In order to determine if they are angry, she continues to observe them throughout the day. This is an example of
• direct perception checking. • indirect perception checking. • mindfulness. • selective retention. |
indirect perception checking. Indirect perception checking involves listening and observing in order to seek additional information about a situation.
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