Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hydrocele
|
peritoneal fluid in persistent processus vaginallis
1-2/100 male newborns; typically absorbed during 1st year may occur as adult due to injury/swelling of epididymis |
|
indirect inguinal hernia
|
congenital
parietal peritoneum & viscera protrude into deep inguinal ring LATERAL to epigastric vessels, travel through canal, emerge through superficial ring into scrotum most common ab hernia, 20x moreso in men |
|
direct inguinal hernia
|
acquired
parietal peritoneum & viscera protrude through weak area in post wall of canal MEDIAL to epigastric vessels usu doesn't enter scrotum enclosed by hernia sac formed by transversalis fascia |
|
peritonitis
|
inflammation of peritoneum --> ascites (excess fluid)
caused by trauma or infection drained by paracentesis |
|
omental foramen problems
|
fluid accumulation in omental bursa after perforation of post stomach or injured pancreas
loop of intestine may herniate through into omental bursa cystic artery may be severed --> pringle maneuver |
|
celiac ganglia block
|
controls pain in patients w inoperable ab malignancy (pancreas, stomach, duodenum, prox bowel, liver, biliary tract tumors)
|
|
hirschsprung's disease
|
congenital aganglionic megacolon
birth defect where nerves in wall of large intestine (control peristalsis) are undeveloped so muscles of lg intestine do not relax and waste is prevented from moving through results in trapped stool, infection, inflammation and constipation tx: surgical removed of part of colon |
|
referred pain
|
viseral sensory & general sensory dermatomes confused in SC
viseral heart pain felt in T1-T4 dermatome |
|
adenocarcinoma of stomach
|
• Malignant tumor originating from glandular epithelium
• Most common >50yo in men>women • Aggressive spread to adjacent organs & peri by early lymphatic metastasis to regional lymph nodes & liver |
|
diverticula (diverticulitis)
|
• Pouches/sacs branching out from hollow organs – typically in intestine on mesenteric border
• Can become inflamed – diverticulitis • Mecke’s diverticulum – congenital anomaly in ~2% of people o Remnant of prox part of embryonic yolk stalk on antimesenteric border of ileum o 1-2in long about 20in from ileocecal junction |
|
adenocarcinoma of descending colon
|
• Peak age 60s-70s
• Risk factors: polyps, ulcerative colitis, genetic factors, low fiber & high animal fat diet • Cancer cells pass to paracolic/epicolic lymph nodes through intermediate colin nodes along L colic art & ultimately to inf mesenteric nodes • “apple-core” lesion (narrowing) seen on CT scans |
|
liver cirrhosis
|
• Chronic liver disease characterizezd by generalized disorganization of hepatic architecture w/ scarring & nodule formation increased portal venous pressure esophageal varices, rectal hemorrhoids, paraumbilical venous collaterals & splenomegaly
• Esophageal varices – result from blood being rerouted from L gastric vein (portal) to IVC (systemic/caval) o Result of portal hypertension producing enlarged varicose veins • Caput medusae appearance results from blood being rerouted in paraumbilical veins • Hemorrhoids (internal) result from blood being rerouted form sup rectal vein |
|
gallbladder disease
|
• Cholecystitis
o Acute pyogenic inflammation manifesting along with nausea, vomiting, fever, and pain in RUQ or chronic thickening of gall bladder wall as a result of fibrosis & complicated w/ gallstones • Cholelithiasis (gallstones) o Typically a mixture of cholesterol & calcium salts o Assoc with obesity & multiple pregnancies; F > M |
|
carcinoma of pancreas
|
• Common tumor arising in head of pancreas and obstructing bile duct
• Often “silent” prior to widespread dissemination • Manifests clinically by ab pain radiating through to back (due to irritated/inflamed parietal peri), weight loss, enlarged gall bladder & associated obstructive jaundice • Usu results in death within 1 year |
|
polycystic kidney desease
|
• Partial replacement of renal parenchyma by cysts on both kidneys
• Autosomal dominant • Manifests b/t 15-30yo w/ HT, hematuria, palpable renal masses renal failure |
|
hydronephrosis
|
• Progressive dilation of renal pelvis and calyces usually as a result of urinary tract obstruction (renal stones or benign prostatic hyperplasia)
|
|
pelvic & horseshoe kidney
|
• Pelvic kidneys – failed to ascend during development; presumably ascension blocked by vasculature (IMA)
• Horseshoe kidneys – fusion of non-ascended kidneys • UTIs, kidney stones, hydronephrosis – common complications |
|
renal cell carcinoma
|
• Most common renal malignancy
• Usu in upper pole – 50-70/m; smokers • Symptoms: hematouria, palpable mass, fever, flank pain (tumor stretches fribous capsule, referred pain to flank) |
|
aneurysm of abd aorta
|
• Aneurysm – permanent ballooning in wall of artery; pressure of blood passing can force part of weakened art to bulge outward forming a think-skinned blister
• Considered to be an aneurysm when widened part of aorta is 1.5x normal size • Caused by atherosclerosis, HT, penetrating wounds & infections • Filled w/ thrombus (clot) death from rupture |