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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What neurotransmitter released from the hypothalamus inhibits prolactin?
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Dopamine
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What does prolactin inhibit?
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GnRH
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What does a 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency cause?
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It doesn't allow pregnenolone or progesterone to continue into the glucocorticoid or androgen pathway. Everything is pushed down the mineralocorticoid pathway, producing high aldosterone.
In males: pseudohermaphrodite w/ female phenotype In males: lack secondary sexual characteristics |
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What is the most common enzyme deficiency in CAH?
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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What does a 21-hydroxylase deficiency do?
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It blocks both the mineralocorticoid pathway in the glomerulosa and the glucocorticoid pathway in the fasciculata. Result is low aldosterone, low cortisol, high sex hormones due to everything being pushed down the androgen pathway.
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What cells release PTH?
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Chief cells of the parathyroid gland
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What cells releases calcitonin?
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C cells (parafollicular cells) of the thyroid
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Which endocrine hormones use cAMP as a signaling pathway?
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"FLAT CHAMP"
FSH LH ACTH TSH CRH hCG ADH MSH PTH Plus calcitonin and glucagon |
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Which endocrine hormones use cGMP as a signaling pathway?
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The vasodilators:
NO ANP |
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Which endocrine hormones use IP3 as a signaling pathway?
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GnRH
GHRH Oxytocin ADH TRH |
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What receptor do prolactin and GH use?
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JAK2 cytokine receptor
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What type of receptor does insulin and IGF-1 use?
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Tyrosine kinase
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What do steroid hormones need to travel through the blood? What are the steroid hormones?
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They need a binding protein.
PET CAT Progesterone Estrogen Testosterone Cortisol Aldosterone Thyroxine and T3 |
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What does a thyroid follicle contain?
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Folllicular cells (cuboidal to columnar cells) that secrete thyroid hormone and colloid (a glycoprotein)
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What does TPO do in the thyroid?
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Oxidizes iodide using H2O2 for attachment to tyrosine
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What does thyroxine attach to in the blood?
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TBC
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What cells of the adrenal gland secrete catecholamines?
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Chromaffin cells in the medulla
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What is the adenohypophysis and what are the subdivision?
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Anterior pituitary
Pars distalis - this is where the acidophils and basophils that produce the hormones are Pars intermedia Pars tuberalis |
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What is the neurohypophysis and what are its subdivision?
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Posterior pituitary
pars nervosa, infundibular stalk, and median eminence |
