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19 Cards in this Set

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Theory Functionalism


What does Talcott Parsons think about the family?


Socialization that is the teaching of norms and values from parents to children


Stabilization of adult personalities- adults being allowed to be more childlike and children understanding the rules of society

Theory Functionalism


What does Murdock think about the family?

Family performs four essential functions to meet the needs of the family and its members.


Sex-with the same partner preventing social disruption


Reproduction-without society could not continue


Socialization- into society's shared norms and values


Economic-such as food and shelter

Theory Marxism


What does Karl Marx believe about the family?

Inheritance of property- who owns and controls society's productive forces. 'primitive communism'- no private property, all members of society owned the means of production communally.

What is the 'promiscuous horde'?

Friedrich Engels uses this term to state there were no restrictions on sexual relationships

Theory Marxism


What does Eli Zaretsky argue?

The family performs an ideological function by offering an apparent 'haven' from the harsh and exploitive world of capitalism in which workers can be themselves. Zaretsky argues that this is an illusion and that the family does not meet its members needs

Theory Feminism


What are liberal feminists concerned about?

They are concerned with the campaigning against sex discrimination and for equal rights and opportunities for women.

Theory Feminism


What do Liberal Feminists argue?

They argue that women's oppression is being gradually overcome through changing people's attitudes and through changes in the law


For example, the Sex Discrimination Act (1975) They believe we are moving towards greater equality but for full equality more reforms and changes in attitudes and socialization patterns of both sexes.

Theory Feminism


What do Marxist Feminists argue?

Marxist feminists argue that the cause of women's oppression is not men but capitalism. Women perform key functions for capitalism


1) Women reproduce the labour force


2) Women absorb anger


3) Women are a 'reserve army' of cheap labour

Theory Feminism


How does Fran Ansley describe wives?

Fran Ansley (1972) describes women as 'takers of s***' who soak up the frustration their husbands feel because of the alienation and exploitation they suffer

Theory Feminism


What do Radical Feminists argue?

Radical feminists argue that all societies are ruled by men (patriarchy)


There is a key division in society for radical feminists


1)Men are the enemy


2) The family and marriage are the key institutions in patriarchal society

Theory Feminism


What do many radical feminists believe?


What does Germaine Greer argue?

Many radical feminists argue for 'political lesbianism' the idea that heterosexual relationships are inevitably oppressive as they involve 'sleeping with the enemy'


Germaine Greer argues for the creation of all female or 'matrilocal' households as an alternative to the heterosexual family.

Theory Feminism


What do Difference Feminists argue?

They argue that we cannot generalize about women's experiences. They argue that middle class and working class, white and black women have different experiences of the family from one to another.

Theory New Right


What does Charles Murray argue?

Charles Murray argues that the welfare state benefits offer 'perverse incentives' and is rewarding irresponsible behavior.


For example, providing council housing for unmarried teenage mother encourages young girls to become pregnant.


They argue it encourages a dependency culture, where individuals come to depend on the state to support them and their children rather than being self reliant

Theory New Right


What do the New Right argue?

They argue that the nuclear family is the best family type and argue that any other family type is undermining traditions. In their view, divorce creates an underclass of welfare dependent female lone parents and leaves boys without a male role model.

Theory New right


What does Ronald Fletcher think about the family?


Fletcher believes that the family is responsible for the rearing of children and procreation. Family teaches other members the roles they play in society and helping them 'fit' in with their surroundings. His 'warm bath' theory concentrates on consensus within the family, where all family members get along and provide support for each other emotionally or economically.

Theory Post Modernism


What does Judith Stacey argue?

Judith Stacey argues that greater choice had benefitted women and has enabled them to free themselves from patriarchal oppression and to shape their family arrangements to meet their needs.

Theory Post Modernism


What does Beck argue?

Beck argues that we now live in a 'risk society' where religion has less influence and people have more greater choice. Roles are no longer fixed as the patriarchal family has been undermined by greater gender equality and greater individualism

Theory Post Modernism


What does Giddens argue?

Giddens argues that family and marriage has transformed by greater choice and equality between men and women. Due to contraception relationships reason for existence has changed and due to women gaining more independence in work and education rather than following the law or tradition. Couples are now free to define relationship themselves.

Theory Post Modernism


Life Course analysis argues?

Modernists emphasise the dominance of one family type (the nuclear family). They see family as the structure that shapes the behaviour of its members so that they perform functions society requires. If we want to understand family life we need to focus on individual family members and how they make their choices.