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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Scientists do not unquestioningly accept anyone's intuitions - including their own. |
Scientific Skepticism |
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Mental illness is associated with witchcraft and evil spirits. |
Pre 1400s |
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Pre 1400s |
Mental illness is associated with witchcraft and evil spirits. |
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Pre 1400s
___ is associated with witchcraft and eviI spirits. |
Mental Illness |
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Pre 1400s Mental illness is associated with ___ and ___. |
Witchcraft and Evil Spirits |
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Trepanation/trepanning/trephination/trephining is used as treatment for mental illness. |
16th Century |
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16th Century |
Trepanation/trepanning/trephination/trephining is used as treatment for mental illness. |
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16th Century
___ is used as treatment for mental illness. |
Trepanation/Trepanning/Trephination/Trephining |
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Lobotomy is discovered by Walter Freeman. |
1945 |
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1945 ___ is discovered by Walter Freeman. |
Lobotomy |
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1945 Lobotomy is discovered by ___. |
Walter Freeman |
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Medications and therapy are now used to cure mental illness. |
2000s |
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2000s ___ and ___ are now used to cure mental illness. |
Medications and Therapy |
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Research has led to the development of the following: |
1. Science and Health 2. Global Advancement 3. Public Policy |
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___ has led to the development of (1) science and health, (2) global advancement, and (3) public policy. |
Research |
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When you rely on ___, you accept unquestioningly what (1) your own personal judgment or (2) a single story about one person's experience tells you. |
Intuition |
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a single story about one person's experience |
Anecdote |
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You might develop an explanation for why you keep having conflicts with your roommate, such as "He hates me," or "Having to share a bathroom creates conflict." |
Intuition and Anecdote |
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A problem with ___ is that numerous cognitive and motivational biases affect our perceptions, and so we may draw erroneous conclusions about cause and effect. |
Intuition |
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A problem with intuition is that numerous ___ affect our perceptions, and so we may draw erroneous conclusions about cause and effect. |
Cognitive and Motivational Biases |
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A problem with intuition is that ___, and so we may draw erroneous conclusions abort cause and effect. |
numerous cognitive and motivational biases affect our perceptions |
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A problem with intuition is that numerous cognitive and emotional biases affect our perceptions, and so ___. |
we may draw erroneous conclusions about cause and effect |
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occurs when we focus on two events that stand out and occur together |
Illusory Correlation |
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Persuasion is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. We believe good men more readily than others. - Aristotle |
Authority |
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Persuasion is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. We believe good men more readily than others. |
Aristotle |
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___ is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. We believe good men more readily than others. - Aristotle |
Persuasion |
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Persuasion is achieved by the ___ when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. We believe good men more readily than others. - Aristotle |
Speaker's Personal Character |
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fundamental characteristic of the scientific method |
Empiricism |
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the idea that knowledge comes from observations |
Empiricism |
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Empiricism - the idea that ___ comes from observations. |
knowledge |
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Empiricism - the idea that knowledge comes from ___. |
observations |
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Scientists do not unquestioningly accept anyone's intuitions - including their own. |
Scientific Skepticism |
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Scientists recognize that their ideas are just as likely to be wrong as anyone else's. |
Scientific Skepticism |
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Ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations. |
Scientific Skepticism |
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Scientific Skepticism Ideas must be evaluated on the basis of ___ and ___. |
Careful Logic and Results from Scientific Investigations |
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describes an "evolved theory of science" that defines the characteristics of scientific inquiry |
Goodstein (2000) |
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Goodstein (2000) describes an ___ that defines the characteristics of scientific inquiry. |
"evolved theory of science" |
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Characteristics of Scientific Theory |
1. Data play a central role. 2. Scientists are not alone. 3. Science is adversarial. 4. Scientific is peer reviewed. |
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the use of seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations to substantiate claims that have no basis in scientific research |
Pseudoscience |
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A good example comes from a procedure called facilitated communication that has been used by therapists working with children with autism. |
Pseudoscience |
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Pseudoscience A good example comes from a procedure called ___ that has been used by therapists working with children with autism. |
Facilitated Communication |
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A good example comes from a procedure called facilitated communication that has been used by therapists working with children with ___. |
Autism |
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4 Goals of Behavioral Science |
1) Describe behavior 2) Predict behavior 3) Determine the cause of behavior 4) Understand/explain behavior |
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Behavior is observable. |
Goal 1: Describe Behavior |
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variables such as running speed, eye gaze, or loudness of laughter or something less observable like self-reports of perceptions of attractiveness |
Goal 1: Describe Behavior |
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Researchers are often interested in ___ the ways in which events are systematically related to one another. |
Goal 1: Describe Behavior |
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Once it has been observed with regularity that two events are related to one another, this becomes possible. |
Goal 2: Predict Behavior |
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e.g., that greater attractiveness is associated with more lenient sentencing |
Goal 2: Predict Behavior |
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The ability to make accurate ___ can help us make better decisions. |
Goal 2: Predict Behavior |
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Why certain behaviors arises in a specific setting/environment/ situation? |
Goal 3: Determine the Cause of Behavior |
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Cook and Campbell (1979) describe three types of evidence (drawn from the work of philosopher John Stuart Mill) used to identify the cause of behavior. |
1) Temporal Precedence 2) Covariation of Cause and Effect 3) Alternative Explanations |
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___ describe three types of evidence (drawn from the work of John Stuart Mill) used to identify the cause of a behavior. |
Cook and Campbell (1979) |
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Cook and Campbell (1979) describe three types of evidence (drawn from the work of ___) used to identify the cause of a behavior. |
Philosopher John Stuart Mill |
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All behavior should be ___ by empirical data/science. |
Goal 4: Explain Behavior |
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often must be discarded or revised as new evidence is gathered |
Goal 4: Explain Behavior |
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tries to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior |
Basic Research |
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Studies are often designed to address theoretical issues concerning phenomena such as cognition, emotion, motivation, learning, personality, development, and social behavior. |
Basic Research |
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Travaglino, Abrams, Randsley de Moura, and Yetkili (2016) explored how group size impacts evaluation of group leaders when group leaders break rules. They found that members of smaller groups reported more embarrassment than members of larger groups when leaders break rules. |
Basic Research |
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conducted to address issues in which there are practical problems and potential solutions |
Applied Research |
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Leventhal et al. (2016) examined data from more than 3 000 high school students from 10 public high schools in Los Angeles County, CA, and found that vaping was associated with later more frequent and heavy cigarette use. Thus, students who reported using an e-cigarette when they were first surveyed were more likely to report smoking regular (combustible) cigarettes when surveyed again 6 months later. |
Applied Research |
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What is the impact of being observed by others on a performance task like math problems? |
Basic Research |
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Do violent video games increase aggression among children and young adults? |
Applied Research |
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How do neurons generate neurotransmitters? |
Basic Research |
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Do we process visual images and sound simultaneously? |
Basic Research |
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How can a city increase recycling by residents? |
Applied Research |
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Which strategies are best for coping with climate change? |
Applied Research |
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book about witch hunting |
Malleus Maleficarum |
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Who popularized lobotomy? |
Walter Freeman |
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Who invented lobotomy? |
Dr. António Egas Moniz |
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Father of Modern Psychology |
Wilhelm Wundt |
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Who founded the first experimental psychology laboratory? |
Wilhelm Wundt |
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Where did Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology laboratory? |
Leipzig, Germany |
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Who popularized psychology? |
Sigmund Freud |
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Sigmund Freud originally is a ___. |
Neurologist |
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limitahan yung movements nung may autism para mas makapagcommunicate siya nang maayos |
Facilitated Communication |
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5th Goal of Behavioral Science |
Improve/Intervention |