Science Waves Sound Light

Front 1

What are waves?

Back 1

A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place

Front 2

How are waves formed?

Back 2

Waves are created when a source of energy causes a medium to vibrate

Front 3

What is a medium?

Back 3

The material through which a mechanical wave travels

Front 4

What are the three types of waves?

Back 4

Transverse, Longitudinal and Surface

Front 5

What are transverse waves?

Back 5

Waves in which the medium vibrates perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling

Front 6

What are the parts of a transverse wave?

Back 6

Crest and Trough

Front 7

What are longitudinal waves?

Back 7

The medium vibrates back and forth in the same direction the wave is traveling

Front 8

What are the parts of a longitudinal wave?

Back 8

Compressions and Rarefactions

Front 9

What is a surface wave?

Back 9

A combination of a transverse and longitudinal wave, they occur at the surface between two mediums

Front 10

How does a surface wave form?

Back 10

Don’t need to know

Front 11

What are the four characteristics of every wave?

Back 11

Amplitude, Wavelength, Frequency and Speed

Front 12

What is amplitude?

Back 12

The maximum distance the particles travel from their rest position

Front 13

How do we measure amplitude?

Back 13

measured from the rest position to the maximum displacement position

Front 14

What is wavelength?

Back 14

The length of one wave, includes one complete crest and one complete trough

Front 15

What units do we use for wavelength?

Back 15

Meters

Front 16

How do we measure the wavelength of a wave?

Back 16

Distance between 2 consecutive identical points on a wave. Crest to crest, trough to trough

Front 17

What is frequency?

Back 17

The number of waves that occur in one second

Front 18

What units do we use for frequency?

Back 18

Hertz

Front 19

How do we calculate the frequency of a wave?

Back 19

Total number of waves divided by the total time

Front 20

What is the period of a wave?

Back 20

The length of time for one complete wave to pass

Front 21

What units do we use for period?

Back 21

Seconds

Front 22

What is reflection?

Back 22

When a wave encounters a medium that it cannot travel into and bounces off.

Front 23

What are the two angles involved in reflection?

Back 23

angle of incidence (incoming angle) and the angle of reflection (reflected angle)

Front 24

What does the Law of Reflection State?

Back 24

The angle of incidence and the angle of reflection will always be equal (measured from the normal line)

Front 25

What is a normal?

Back 25

imaginary perpendicular line at the point of reflection

Front 26

What is refraction?

Back 26

When a wave changes directions because it changes speeds

Front 27

Why does refraction occur?

Back 27

because a wave enters a new medium in which its speed changes

Front 28

Give an example of refraction?

Back 28

a pencil looking broken in a glass of water, rainbows

Front 29

What is diffraction?

Back 29

When a wave bends or curves after passing through an opening or passing an edge

Front 30

What is interference of wave?

Back 30

When waves meet in a common medium and affect each other

Front 31

When do waves constructively interfere?

Back 31

When a crest and a crest meet, the new wave is larger than the two original waves

Front 32

What happens when waves constructively interfere?

Back 32

They combine to form a larger wave

Front 33

When do waves destructively interfere?

Back 33

When a crest and a trough meet the new wave is smaller than the original waves

Front 34

What happens when waves destructively interfere?

Back 34

They combine to for a smaller wave

Front 35

What is partial interference of a wave?

Back 35

When the waves meet up but it is in between crests and troughs, the interference is only partial

Front 36

What type of wave is a sound wave?

Back 36

Longitudinal, mechanical wave

Front 37

Can sound waves travel through outer space, why or why not?

Back 37

No because there is no medium to carry the energy

Front 38

How does elasticity of the medium affect the speed of sound?

Back 38

The more elastic the medium is, the faster the sound travels

Front 39

How does density of the medium affect the speed of sound?

Back 39

The denser the material is, the slower the wave travels

Front 40

How does temperature of the medium affect the speed of sound?

Back 40

The higher the temperature, the faster the wave travels

Front 41

In what state of matter do sound waves travel the fastest? The slowest?

Back 41

Fastest in solids, slowest in gases

Front 42

What is the intensity of a sound? What wave property affects intensity?

Back 42

Intensity is how much energy a sound wave transfers in a given time, it is affected

Front 43

What is loudness? What wave property affects loudness?

Back 43

Loudness is related to intensity and represents how much energy a wave has by amplitude

Front 44

What is pitch? What wave property affects pitch?

Back 44

The pitch is basically the frequency of a wave.

Front 45

What is the Doppler Effect? Why does it occur?

Back 45

The Doppler effect is when a sound appears to change frequency because the source of the sound is moving either towards you or away from you. If it is moving towards you the sound is higher, if it is moving away the sounds seems lower in pitch

Front 46

What is resonance?

Back 46

When an object is caused to vibrate at its natural frequency because it is absorbing energy from another object vibrating at that same frequency

Front 47

How does the length of a string affect the pitch of an instrument?

Back 47

Longer strings give a lower pitch

Front 48

What are electromagnetic waves?

Back 48

Waves that are made up of an electrical field and a magnetic field

Front 49

What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?

Back 49

Transverse waves

Front 50

59. How are EM waves produced?

Back 50

By vibrating charged particles

Front 51

Do EM waves require a medium?

Back 51

No, they can travel through a vacuum

Front 52

In a vacuum, how fast do electromagnetic waves travel?

Back 52

300,000,000 m/s

Front 53

What is scientific notation?

Back 53

A way of writing large and small numbers where decimal places are represented by the exponent.

Front 54

BE ABLE TO SOLVE SCIENTIFIC NOTATION PROBLEMS

Back 54

See Notes

Front 55

BE ABLE TO CALCULATE WAVELENGTH, SPEED, FREQUENCY, AND PERIOD OF ALL WAVES

Back 55

See Notes

Front 56

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

Back 56

A range of radiation

Front 57

Draw and label all the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum in the space below:

Back 57

See Notes

Front 58

What are some uses of:

Back 58

a) Radio Waves – transmit radio signals/stations
b) Microwaves – cook food
c) Infrared Waves – remote controls, food warmers
d) Visible Light – tv’s, projectors
e) UV light – detect forged money,
f) X-rays – see broken bones and hidden boms
g) gamma rays – kill cancer cells and sterilize medical equipment

Front 59

What is a polarizer?

Back 59

A light filter that blocks out all light that is not oriented in a specific direction.

Front 60

What happens to light that gets passed through two polarizers if the polarizers are:

Back 60

a) perpendicular – all light gets blocked out
b) parallel – half of the light gets blocked out

Front 61

What is a prism?

Back 61

A glass triangle used to break white light up into its component colors

Front 62

What happens to white visible light as it passes through a prism? Why?

Back 62

It gets broken up into the colors of the spectrum because they are all refracted and each color bends a little bit differently.

Front 63

What are the primary colors of light?

Back 63

Blue, Red, Green

Front 64

Draw the color mixing triangle to show how colors mix to give other colors of light.

Back 64

See Notes

Front 65

What determines the color of an object that we see?

Back 65

The colors of light that are reflected off of it