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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Nutrients |
Chemicals that your body needs to function properly. Broken down food (through the process of digestion) supply nutrients to organisms. |
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Define Organic |
Nutrients that contain carbon. |
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Define Inorganic |
Nutrients that don't contain carbon. |
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Define Macronutrients |
Nutrients that the body needs 100 mg per day of or more. |
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Define Micronutrients |
Nutrients that the body needs 100 mg per day or less. These may also be referred to as TRACE ELEMENTS. |
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Define Organic Molecules |
- Carbohydrates (ex: rice, grains, fruit, etc) - Proteins (ex: meat, eggs, dairy products, etc) - Lipids (ex: vegetable oils, nut oils, etc) - Vitamins (ex: B, C, D, etc) |
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What is a fertilizer used for? |
It provides additional nutrients to help plants grow. |
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Major elements in fertilizers: |
- Nitrogen (nitrates) – growth of leaves - Phosphorus (phosphates) – growth of roots - Potassium (potash) – growth of flowers & fruits |
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Define Passive Transport |
Requires no energy – movement of nutrients/molecules from an area concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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Define Active Transport |
Requires energy – movement of nutrients/molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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Define Diffusion |
___________ is an example of passive transport, and it is also the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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Define Osmosis |
A special type of diffusion is known as ________, and it involves water. |
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Define Insectecides |
Control insects. |
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Define Herbicides |
Control plants/weeds. |
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Define Fungicides |
Control fungus, mold or mushrooms. |
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What is DDT? |
Dichloridiohenyltrichloroethane |
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Why were some non-target organisms that DDT affected? |
It affected birds of prey, fish, frogs, butterflies. It made the eggshells of birds of prey very soft, so there were way fewer baby birds being born. |
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Define Persistent |
This type of substance is going to remain in the environment for a long period of time. |
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Define Acid |
A substance that has a pH less than 7 |
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Define Base |
A substance that has a pH greater than 7 |
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What is an acid/base indicator? |
A substance that tells us whether the solution we are working with is an acid or a base. Litmus paper is an example. |
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What does a pH scale do? |
A scale that tells us how acidic or how basic a substance is. |
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pH stand for power of _____________. |
Hydrogen |
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On a pH scale, an acid ranges from ___ to below ___. |
0, 7 |
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A base ranges from above ___ to ___. |
7, 14 |
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A neutral substance has a pH of ___. |
7 |
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Acidic lakes are sometimes treated with ____________, also known as calcium hydroxide. |
Limestone |
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This neutralizes the lake. This is also known as ___________. |
Liming |
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An acid - base neutralization reaction always produces ________ and a ________. |
Water, Salt |
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Carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides from factories combine with water in the atmosphere to produce ________________________. |
Acid Precipitation |
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What are the four types of acids we learned about? |
- Sulfurous Acid - Sulfuric acid - Nitrous acid/nitric acid - Carbonic acid |
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Why is acid snow considered more dangerous than acid rain? |
Stays around longer (accumulates) and because of this there is an influx of acid introduced into theenvironment. |
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What is a catalytic converter? What is the purpose of a converter? |
Aids the formation of CO2 and H2O from hydrocarbons, reducing the amount of CO2 and nitrogen oxides in theenvironment. |
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What is a scrubber? What is a sorbent? How is a COBRA scrubber different? |
Scrubbers absorb or capture oxides using a sorbent.COBRA has certain components that can be reused, and the trapped material can be treated and sold. |
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Define Pollution |
An alteration of the environment producing a condition harmful to living things |
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Define Pollutant |
Any material, or form or energy, that will cause harm to a living thing |
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Define LD50 |
The dose of a chemical that will kill 50% of the population to which it is applied. |
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Define Acute Toxicity |
The ability of a chemical to cause harm to an organism with only one exposure |
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Define Chronic Toxicity |
The ability of a chemical to cause harm to an organism only after the chemical accumulates to a specific level after many exposures over time. |
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1 part per million (ppm) = ____________ |
1 mg/L |
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Define Persistant |
When a substance accumulates in the environment and breaks down very slowly, or not at all. |
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How do you know if your water sample contains phosphate? |
A precipitate formed (solid suspended within a liquid) |
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How do you know if your water sample contains nitrates? |
The solution turned pink. The pinker the solution, the more _________ the sample contained. |
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The level of dissolved oxygen in water depends on four things: |
- Turbulence (mixing of water and air) - pH - Temperature - Amount of photosynthesis that occurs |
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At what ppm concentration can most organisms survive at? |
Approximately 5 (8 is great, 5 can survive, 4 is poor and 2 is terrible) |
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What are Macro invertebrates? |
Organisms visible with an unaided eye that do not have a backbone - shrimp - larvae |
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How are Macro Invertebrates used to monitor water? |
We can use them as biological indicators (tell us if the water is good or bad) |
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Define Point Source |
A specific location where pollution originates |
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Define Non-Point Source |
A source of pollution in which pollutants are diffused or originate from no specific location. |
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How does pollution travel from one place to another? |
Air currents and water currents. |
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What do CFC's destroy in our environment? |
ozone (O3) |
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Tertiary Waste Water Treatment Plant |
Primary --> Secondary --> Tertiary |
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What factor affect biodegradation? |
- Temperature - Climate - Time |
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What is a Bioreactor? |
Using plants to fix a plants to fix a problem (phyto means plant) |
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What is Phytoremediation?
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A container that houses bacteria in appropriate conditions where ground water is pumped in and bacteria cleans the water |
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Define Biodegradation |
A substances ability to be broken down |
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Define Sanitary Landfill |
A landfill that is covered each day to avoid windblown litter and scavengers |
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Define Secure Landfill |
Deals with hazardous and toxic wastes, uses a clay liner |