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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Four types of Christian theology?
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1. Fundamental theology
2. Historical theology 3. Systematic theology 4. Practical theology |
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Fundamental theology:
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Specifically, is the process and reflection upon the question: does God exist?
Deals with God and the foundation of Christian faith. |
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Historical theology
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Specifically, it examines the factors, cultural as well as religious, that contributed to the formulation of Christian doctrines and practices.
Seeks to reconstuct and understand the process by which the Christian tradition was formed. |
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Systematic theology
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Relating various Christian doctrines to one another and by drawing out their implications for the way Christians ought to live.
The specific task is to express the understanding of Christian faith today as it is embodied in contemporary Christian witness. |
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Practical theology
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Has undergone significant transformation in the past century.
Originally the art of preaching and the art of teaching others the principles of the Christian faith. The more recent approach extends this concern to the total needs (spiritual and material) of society. |
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In Shirley's second principle, what did Thomas Aquinas point out?
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That any language we use of God is always analogous to something we know in creation.
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What are Shirley's 3 principles?
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1. God is beyond anything we can feel, imagine, intuit or express.
2. God is something like what we can think, feel, imagine, intuit or express (maps; some are better representations than others). 3. When you begin to take your maps too seriously, see principle #1. |
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How does God reveal himself?
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If god wishes to reveal God's self he must do so in ways we can understand.
If I want to show you visual images, I must do so in light frequencies no shorter than red and no longer than violet. |
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How was life in the middle ages
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1. perpetually static
2. info largely restricted to local community 3. authority (tradition) was in the hands of the elders 4. |
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Origins of the scientific model
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1. inconsistencies of the aristotelian model prompted review
2. gradual replacement of the mystery was methodical observation/approaches based on math, natural sciences, etc. |
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"All knowledge has its origin in sensation"
-> indicates what? |
St. Thomas Aquinas
gives the assumption that the world is knowable. |
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differentiate aristotle and newton's color scales?
what does this indicate? |
Aristotle showed 7 fundamental colors.
Newton's color circle was originally composed of 5 and added orange & indigo to master musical notes in major scales. indicates difference in perspectives and advancement. |
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How was info exchange different in the aristotelian age?
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Imagery, sculpture, visual aids, mnemonic devices useful.
"oral society" the oral society (through printing press) left the oral society behind. |
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Demise of aristotelian model
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1. He believed in concentric shells and that the heavens were unchanging
--> however, people continually were observing new comets, stars, etc. and questioned the validity of his assumptions. |
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Where was the date of easter decided?
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Council of Nicaea
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Age of Reason
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1. Council of Trent (1545); Martin Luther
--> growth of secularism 2. Early renaissance, craftsmen scholars 3) Portuguese had circumnavigated the world 4) Economical problems due to flood of silver from new world flooding the market. |
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Calendar invented by
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Galileo/Copernicus
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ARISTOTLE/PTOLEMY
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1. All motion based on a perfect circle
2. Ptolemy refined the model, but very convoluted and complex (to fit observations) 3. Model remained consistent with the doctrine of the church |
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Occam's razor:
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"Law of parsimony"
the most likely hypothesis to be true is the simplest/contains fewest assumptions. you can look at the different perspectives knowing they will both get you there, but one will be more swift and concise and is usually correct. |
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COPERNICUS'S MODEL
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1. simpler model
2. consistent with new observations; BUT model did NOT fit w/ doctrine of the church |
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EFFECTS OF COPERNICUS'S MODEL:
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1. Based upon observation, concluded heliocentric model fit observation (earth and planets revolve around a stationary sun)
--> disproved geocentricity (earth being the center of the universe and that all revolved around it). 2. Contradicted aristotle, council of trent accepted new model |
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By accepting the copernican model, what did the church do
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unwillingly added credibility to
1. powers of observation 2. rationality, altered "tradition" |
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Brahe proposed
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heavens change
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Benedette
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declared earth non-aristotelian
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what facilitated the chance of
aristotle ---> copernicus |
1. occam's razor; the simpler the better
2. observation of things that contradicted what was fundamentally believed |
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Newtonian world
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order, symmetry, predictable
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Linnaeus & Paley = assoc. with?
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natural theology
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PALEY (natural theology)
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1. if you're poor, that's your role; so be it.
2. order was manifestation of god's will 3. all things that have a design must have a designer |
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CHARLES LINNAEUS
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studied to be a priest, md.
1. invented binomial nomenclature 2. cataloging god's creation 3. |
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by the end of the 19th century how did views shift?
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from static, unchanging, predictable to changing
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Buffon:
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Sees linkage between evol. forms; 1st to illuminate the similarities between organisms.
Most credit him as one of the first to openly talk that life isn't static and that there is this continuum and can start to build explanations of it. That life is changing and you can explain the relationships. Not an evolutionist, yet was the "Father of evolution" |
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CUVIER
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There's a consistency among many diff. organisms
Believed in species fixity, but did relate species. --> developed a model by which variation can result from relatively few forms --> principle of simultaneous creation = breached |
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LYELL
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1. an adherent to Hutton's uniformitarianism model
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HUTTON & LYELL
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strong evidence for "old" earth contradicting religious dogma
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inductive reasoning
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build a generalization from a series of empirically observed examples
ex: this ice is cold, therefore all ice is cold |
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deductive reasoning
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extend from the knowledge of the general to particular observations
ex: if organisms are made of cells and humans are organisms humans must be composed of cells |
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WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD??
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1. Observe
2. Develop tentative hypothesis 3. Prediction based upon hypothesis 4. Test prediction by experimenting 5. REPEAT (until no discrepancy between hyp. and the results of the experiment and/or observation). |
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"pax vobiscum"
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peace be with you (latin)
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HISTORICAL CONEXT:
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1. What kind of lit. is it?
2. Who wrote it and when? 3. What is being written about and why? |
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"NAMASTE"
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"I salute the divinity within you" (sanskrit)
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Nostre Aetate (1965)
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opened up dialogue between catholicism and other beliefs
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If something is beyond our senses can science test it?
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NO.
Science is based upon data acquired through senses. Science can make extensions of their senses, however. |
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"shalom"
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peace (hebrew)
has the connotation of harmoniousness/wholeness/completeness |
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADITION AND EXPERIENCE:
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TRADITION
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SMITH
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Associated geologic strata with different times of formation
noted appearance (and disappearance) of fossils in different strata Buffon: there is a mechanistic explanation of change Smith: there has been, is, and always will be change |
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DECLINE OF ARISTOTELIAN DOGMA LED TO WHAT PREDOMINANT VIEW CHANGE
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from stability/order, in which natural phenomena were reflections of the human condition...
to one of instability, in which the human condition is a reflection of natural phenomena |
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THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE
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Proceeds from:
the observation of certain phenomena in the material world Leads to: theoretical generalizations (models) which predicts the results that arise if one treats the phenomena in a particular way Tests of a model/prediction with experiments Reconciles: Results from experiments with models |
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN DETAIL
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Observe some aspect of the physical world.
Develop a tentative explanation- hypothesis, that is consistent with what you have observed. Predictions made based on the hypothesis If (observation) b/c (hypothesis), then (prediction) Test those predictions by experiments or further observations and modify the hypothesis in the light of your results. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until there are no discrepancies between hypothesis and experiment and/or observation. |
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PROCESS OF SCIENCE THEORY
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When hypothesis is supported by multiple independent experiments, it may become a theory
Theory provides a coherent set of propositions which explain a class of phenomena. A theory is then a framework within which observations are explained and predictions are made. |