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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

circuit

a complete loop

electric current

the amount of charge per unit time that passes through a surface that is perpendicular to the motion of the charges.

If the charges move around the circuit in the same direction at all times,the current is said to be

direct current

If the charges move first one way and then the opposite way, the current is said to be

alternating current

Conventional current

is the hypothetical flow of positive charges that would have the same effect in the circuit as the movement of negative charges that actually does occur.

2 requirements of a working circuit

1) source of energy (can create a potential difference)


2) complete conducting loop from high potential to low potential

energy

the ability to do work

power

amount of energy in amount of time

resistance

hindering the movement of electrical charges

rechargeable

restores potential difference

potential energy is measured

positive to negative

parallel

more than one pathway for current

Equations:


current

I= q/t

Equations:


energy

qxV=J

Equations:


resistance

R= p x l/a

Equations:


Ohms Law

V=IxR

Equations:


work

force x distance= J

3 Equations for Power

P= IxV


P= I2 R


P= V2 / R



Thinner wires have more or less resistance?

More

Voltage increases, current...

Increases

Current increases, resistance...

Decreases

Longer wires have _____ resistance

More

Voltage Drop of a resistor



∆V1= I x R1

VTOT =

∆V1 + ∆V2 + ∆V3 ....

Current in Parallel Resistors

if both have equal resistance...


ITOT= I1 + I2 ....


different resistance:


-calculate voltage going through


-divide voltage by resistance (V÷R=I)

Both resistors in parallel circuit have a ________ voltage drop

equal

When finding Voltage drop in a parallel resistor...

eliminate resistor (make it a series circuit) then I x R = V (voltage is same in all paths)

Current has to do with

how many charges pass through a cross section wire on a circuit

What is being used up in a battery?

Energy

How do batteries work?

provide energy to move charge from low potential to high potential


-exothermic (chemical reaction) ability to move charge.


-chemicals undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction that produces energy. This energy-producing reaction is capable of pumping the charge through the battery



Drift Speed

the average velocity of a charge carrier/electron

Define Power

the amount of energy consumed by a load in an amount of time

current vs. drift speed

current is the number of coulombs


drift speed is distance travelled per unit time

How do chargers work?

-use charger to restore chemicals that have been consumed


-rechargers turn chemical products back to chemical reactants with an endothermic reaction

Equation:


Energy

Energy = P x t