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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
circuit |
a complete loop |
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electric current |
the amount of charge per unit time that passes through a surface that is perpendicular to the motion of the charges. |
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If the charges move around the circuit in the same direction at all times,the current is said to be |
direct current |
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If the charges move first one way and then the opposite way, the current is said to be |
alternating current |
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Conventional current |
is the hypothetical flow of positive charges that would have the same effect in the circuit as the movement of negative charges that actually does occur. |
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2 requirements of a working circuit |
1) source of energy (can create a potential difference) 2) complete conducting loop from high potential to low potential |
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energy |
the ability to do work |
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power |
amount of energy in amount of time |
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resistance |
hindering the movement of electrical charges |
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rechargeable |
restores potential difference |
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potential energy is measured |
positive to negative |
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parallel |
more than one pathway for current |
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Equations: current |
I= q/t |
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Equations: energy |
qxV=J |
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Equations: resistance |
R= p x l/a |
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Equations: Ohms Law |
V=IxR |
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Equations: work |
force x distance= J |
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3 Equations for Power |
P= IxV P= I2 R P= V2 / R |
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Thinner wires have more or less resistance? |
More |
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Voltage increases, current... |
Increases |
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Current increases, resistance... |
Decreases |
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Longer wires have _____ resistance |
More |
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Voltage Drop of a resistor |
∆V1= I x R1 |
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VTOT = |
∆V1 + ∆V2 + ∆V3 .... |
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Current in Parallel Resistors |
if both have equal resistance... ITOT= I1 + I2 .... different resistance: -calculate voltage going through -divide voltage by resistance (V÷R=I) |
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Both resistors in parallel circuit have a ________ voltage drop |
equal |
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When finding Voltage drop in a parallel resistor... |
eliminate resistor (make it a series circuit) then I x R = V (voltage is same in all paths) |
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Current has to do with |
how many charges pass through a cross section wire on a circuit |
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What is being used up in a battery? |
Energy |
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How do batteries work? |
provide energy to move charge from low potential to high potential -exothermic (chemical reaction) ability to move charge. -chemicals undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction that produces energy. This energy-producing reaction is capable of pumping the charge through the battery |
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Drift Speed |
the average velocity of a charge carrier/electron |
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Define Power |
the amount of energy consumed by a load in an amount of time |
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current vs. drift speed |
current is the number of coulombs drift speed is distance travelled per unit time |
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How do chargers work? |
-use charger to restore chemicals that have been consumed -rechargers turn chemical products back to chemical reactants with an endothermic reaction |
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Equation: Energy |
Energy = P x t |