Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
245 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Element |
A substance that can't be separated into simpler substances |
|
|
Pure Substance |
Either a single element or single compound that has definite physical or chemical properties |
|
|
Compound |
A substance made of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
|
|
Mixture |
A combo of 2 or more substances that aren't chemically combined |
|
|
Physical separation |
The ways to separate a mixture by filtration, sifting and evaporating |
|
|
Matter |
Anything that has mass and takes up space |
|
|
Mass |
A measure of matter in an object |
|
|
Atom |
The building blocks of all matter Smallest particle of matter |
|
|
Proton |
A positively charge particle, found in nucleus |
|
|
Neutron |
A particle with no charge found in the nucleus |
|
|
Electron |
A negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus |
|
|
Homogenous |
a mixture that is mixed evenly throughout and cannot be visibly distinguished |
|
|
Heterogeneous |
a mixture that is not uniform throughout |
|
|
Atomic Number |
The number assigned to each kind of atom; it represents the umber or protons in an atom |
|
|
Atomic Mass |
The average mass of the atoms in an element; the # protons and neutrons in an element |
|
|
Shells/ Orbitals/ Energy Levels |
The region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are found |
|
|
Periodic Table |
A table that shows all of the atoms that everything in the known universe is mad from; each box contains info about each element |
|
|
Group |
The vertical column on the periodic table; elements in the same group share the same properties |
|
|
Period |
The horizontal rows on the periodic table |
|
|
Mendeleev |
A Russian chemist who discovered a pattern to the elements in 1869 |
|
|
Metal |
An element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well |
|
|
Non metal |
An element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
|
|
Metalloid |
An element that has properties of metal and non metals; they can me called conductors |
|
|
Alkali Metals |
Very reactive and soft metals |
|
|
Transition Metals |
Not very reactive and good conductors |
|
|
Halogens |
Very reactive Non-Metals Group 17 |
|
|
Noble Gases |
Non-Reactive colorless, odorless,gas |
|
|
Chemical Bonds |
Aninleraction that holds atoms together |
|
|
Precipitate |
A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction |
|
|
Chemical Reaction |
New Substance is formed |
|
|
Reactant |
A substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
|
|
Yield Arrow |
In a chemical reaction, the arrow that separates the products from the the reactions |
|
|
Subscript |
The number written below and to the right of the symbol in a formula |
|
|
Coefficient |
The number in front of a chemical formula that indicates the number of molecules present |
|
|
Endothermic Reaction |
A chemical reaction that enquirers heat "gets cold" |
|
|
Exothermic Reaction |
A chemical reaction releases heat "gets hot" |
|
|
Gas formation |
A sign of or chemical reaction in which gas is provided |
|
|
Water Table |
the upper surface of underground water, the upper boundary |
|
|
Hydrology |
the study of water |
|
|
Water Distribution |
the places that water is found on earth |
|
|
Hydrosphere |
the space where water is found on earth, we are the water plants |
|
|
Aquifer |
a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater |
|
|
Ground Water |
water that seeps below the ground and is stored underground |
|
|
Spring |
a place where groundwater flows above ground, when the water table reaches the earth's surface |
|
|
Runoff |
the flow of water over the surface of land |
|
|
Watershed |
the area of land that is drained by a water system |
|
|
Plankton |
a mass of mostly organisms that float or drift freely in Marine environments |
|
|
Continental Shelf |
begins at the shore line gently sloping towards the open ocean 200m |
|
|
Continental Slope |
begins at the edge of the cont. shelf rapidly sloping towards ocean floor 200-4000m |
|
|
Mid Ocean Ridge |
mountain chains that forms on the ocean floor where tectonics plates pull apart |
|
|
Rift Valley |
as mountains build up, a rift valley forms between them |
|
|
Point Source Pollution |
pollution that comes from a specific source |
|
|
Non-Point Source Pollution |
pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a specif site |
|
|
Renewable Energy |
resources such as wind and water, that can be recycled or replaced faster than they consume |
|
|
Nonrenewable Energy |
resources such as fossil fuels or nuclear fuel that cannot be replaced by nutrients process at the same rate consumed |
|
|
Energy System |
a sequence of conversions with inputs and outputs that transform an energy resource into a form of human work or heating |
|
|
Laws of Conservation of Energy |
the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from 1 form to another |
|
|
Renewable |
resources such as wind,water, that can be recycled or replaced faster than they are consumed |
|
|
Nuclear Power |
the process by which a nuclear reactor uses fuel such as uranium to create energy |
|
|
Hydropower |
transformation of the energy stored in a depth of water into electricity |
|
|
Solar Power |
energy from the sun; often captured directly as heat or as electricity through a photovoltaic process |
|
|
Biotic
|
describes the living factors in an environment |
|
|
Abiotic
|
describes the nonliving factors in an environment |
|
|
Ecosystem |
a community of organisms and their abiotic environment |
|
|
Organism
|
a single living thing |
|
|
Population |
a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area |
|
|
Community |
all the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other |
|
|
Ecosystem |
a community of organisms and their abiotic environment |
|
|
Biosphere |
the part of earth where life exists |
|
|
Symbiosis |
a relationship in which 2 different organisms live in close association with each other |
|
|
Mutualism
|
a relationship between 2 species in which both species benefit
|
|
|
Commensalism
|
A relationship between 2 organisms in which 1 organism benifits and the other is unaffected
|
|
|
Parasitism |
A relationship between 2 species in which 1, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed |
|
|
Carrying Capacity |
The largest population that an ecosystem can support at any given time |
|
|
Limiting factors |
Resources that limit how big a population can get |
|
|
Adaption |
Organisms have to adapt in order to survive |
|
|
Habitat |
Where an organism lives |
|
|
Niche |
The role or function of a species within an ecosystem |
|
|
Autotroph |
An organism capable of making nutrients for itself from an inorganic source |
|
|
Heterotroph |
An organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth consumer |
|
|
Carbon Cycle |
the exchange of carbon between the environment and living things |
|
|
Nitrogen Cycle |
the exchange of nitrogen between the environment and living things |
|
|
Digestion |
the process by which food is broken down and used for energy |
|
|
Protein |
a very important molecule for organisms that help build, grow, repair cells, organelles, and tissues |
|
|
Carbohydrate |
a major energy source for animals that include sugar and starches |
|
|
Fats |
nutrients that are a type of lipid. they are stored and used for energy. 2 types ; saturated and unsaturated |
|
|
Saturated Fats |
a fat that is a solid at room temp.; butter,cheese,dairy,red beef,lamb,pork,chicken with skin. absolutely raise LDL "bad" cholesterol |
|
|
Unsaturated Fats |
a fat that is a liquid at room temperature olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, etc. may to raise LDL` |
|
|
Photosynthesis |
the process my which plants,algae, and some bacteria use sunlight,carbon dioxide, and water for food |
|
|
Glucose |
food made by plants through photosynthesis and the food broken down in cellular respiration |
|
|
Cellular Resperation |
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. exercise increases |
|
|
Nutrients |
components of food that help an organism survive and grow |
|
|
Food |
anything that provides an organism with energy. anything that has calories, carbs,fats,and proteins |
|
|
Calorie |
a unit that measures how much energy food provides the body |
|
|
Sugar |
any one of various substances that are found in plants and that your body uses or stores energy |
|
|
Host |
an organism from which a parasite takes food or shelter |
|
|
DNA |
the nuclei acid responsible for carrying the genetic information of most organisms from 1 generation to the next |
|
|
Catastrophism |
short, catastrophic events have occurred that have changed the surface of earth over time |
|
|
Fault |
break in a body of rock along which 1 block slide relative to another |
|
|
Rock Cycle |
a continuous process by which rocks are created, changed , destroyed, and formed |
|
|
Igneous Rock |
rocks that were made by heating them inside the earth (lava, Magma) |
|
|
Metamorphic Rock |
rock created by heat and or pressure changed rock |
|
|
Sedimentary Rock |
rock that was originally mud or shells that form layers that compress over time "sitting Rock" |
|
|
Genetic Variation |
differences among individuals int the composition of their genes or other DNA segments |
|
|
Homologous Structures |
structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry |
|
|
Offspring |
a new organism that is the product of reproduction |
|
|
Inherited |
to receive ( a characteristic) from one's parents by genetic transmission |
|
|
Genetic Mutation |
change in a gene or chromosome |
|
|
Adaption |
trait that helps an organism survive to reproduce |
|
|
Genotype |
an organisms genetic makeup, or allele combination |
|
|
Phenotype |
organisms physical makeup |
|
|
new Moon % of the lit side visible on Earth |
0% |
|
|
Full Moon % of the lit side visible on Earth |
100% |
|
|
2 Plant Cell Differences |
Cell Wall Chloroplast |
|
|
Acceleration |
Change in speed or direction |
|
|
Atomic # Protons Electrons |
All the same number |
|
|
Atomic mass calculation to find neutrons |
Mass # - Atomic # Neutrons |
|
|
Balanced Forces |
Sum of all the forces is 0 NO Movement or Constant Speed |
|
|
Cell Organelles |
Organs of the cell |
|
|
Cell Theory |
1. All life is composed of cells 2. Cells are the basics unit of life 3. Cells arise from other cells
|
|
|
Organic Compounds |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur |
|
|
Convection |
Transfer of energy through a fluid Hot Rises Cold Sinks Causes Weather |
|
|
Conduction |
Transfer of energy through touch |
|
|
Radiation |
Transfer of energy through waves |
|
|
Source of all Earth's energy |
Sun |
|
|
Carnivores eat |
Meat Only |
|
|
Herbivores eat |
Plants Only |
|
|
Omnivores |
Eat both plants and animals |
|
|
Indicators of a Chemical Reaction |
Solid is Formed Gas is produced Color Change Temperature Change |
|
|
Density |
Mass divided by Volume |
|
|
Evidence of Plate Tectonic Tectonic Theory |
1. Continents fit like puzzle pieces 2. Fossils on opposite sides of oceans 3. Major landforms on multiple continents |
|
|
__________ Boundaries make faults and earthquakes |
Transform |
|
|
Force |
Mass X Acceleration |
|
|
Chemical energy |
energy stored in chemical bonds of compounds |
|
|
Electrical Energy |
energy that is used to power electronic devices |
|
|
Newton's First Law |
An object in motion stays in motion while and object at rest stays at rest until an unbalanced force is acted upon it. |
|
|
Newton's Second Law |
The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the forces applied to it. |
|
|
Newton's Third Law |
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
|
|
Force |
A push or a pull on an object |
|
|
Gravity |
Force of attraction between objects |
|
|
Inertia |
An object's resistance to change |
|
|
Work |
Is done when a force that is applied to an object moves. Force X Distance |
|
|
Kinetic Energy |
Energy in motion |
|
|
Mechanical Energy |
Energy of moving objects. Work is done |
|
|
Net Force |
Sum of all the forces acting on an object |
|
|
Newton |
Unit of measurement used for measuring force |
|
|
Potential Energy |
Energy that is stored. |
|
|
Radiant Energy |
Energy that travels in waves or rays from the sun |
|
|
Speed |
Distance traveled in a certain amount of time |
|
|
Thermal Energy |
Energy that produces heat |
|
|
Unbalanced Force |
Forces applied do not equal 0 Movement occurs Acceleration |
|
|
Velocity |
Speed with direction |
|
|
Galaxy |
combination of all the components of the universe |
|
|
Group 18 |
Noble gases Not Reactive 8 Valence Electrons |
|
|
Hurricanes are caused by |
Low Pressure Warm Water (from the tropics) |
|
|
Lunar Cycle (Moon Phases) takes |
27.5 days for a full cycle |
|
|
Mitochondria |
Produces energy for the cell |
|
|
_____________ Boundaries create Mountains and Trenches |
Convergent |
|
|
Neap Tide |
Moon, Sun and Earth line up at a 90 degree angle. High Tides Low Low Tides High |
|
|
Nebula |
clouds of gas and dust held together by gravity birthplace of a star |
|
|
Nucleus of a cell contains |
genetic material (DNA) |
|
|
Predator |
hunts prey |
|
|
Prey gets |
eaten by predators |
|
|
Group # = |
Number of valence electrons |
|
|
Period # = |
Number of energy levels |
|
|
Respiratory System |
Exchange of gases |
|
|
______________ Boundaries create ridges and rift valleys |
Divergent |
|
|
Seasons are caused by |
23.5 degree tilt Earth's revolution around the Sun 365 days |
|
|
Sustainability |
healthy ecosystem b/c large # of plants and animals (biodiversity) |
|
|
Sexual Reproduction |
2 parents diverse offspring |
|
|
Spring Tide |
Sun, Moon, and Earth form a straight line high tides higher low tides lower |
|
|
Succession |
The breakdown of rock to allow plants to grow |
|
|
Primary Succession |
No soil |
|
|
Secondary Succession |
Soil is present |
|
|
Tides |
Daily rise and fall of the oceans caused by the pull of the moon's gravity |
|
|
The % of energy passed UP the pyramid |
10 |
|
|
Vacuole |
water storage |
|
|
Waxing crescent |
between new moon and 1st quarter Right side is Bright and skinny |
|
|
Waxing |
White on the Right is Waxing Bright The light on the right side is growing larger |
|
|
Low Pressure |
Rainy and Cloudy |
|
|
High Pressure |
Clear and Sunny |
|
|
Valence Electron |
Determines the reactivity of an atom # of electrons in the outermost energy level Group # |
|
|
Conductivity |
able to conduct heat or electricity |
|
|
Eukaryotic |
has a nucleus |
|
|
Prokaryotic |
No Nucleus |
|
|
Family/Group |
They have similar properties and reactivity |
|
|
First Quarter |
Between Waxing Crescent and Waxing Gibbous Right side 50% Bright |
|
|
Full Moon |
Between Waxing Gibbous and Waning Gibbous 100% Bright |
|
|
Last (3rd) Quarter |
Between Waning Gibbous and Waning Crescent Left side 50% Bright |
|
|
Luster |
Ability to reflect light |
|
|
malleability |
ability to be hammered into sheets |
|
|
New Moon |
Between Waning crescent and Waxing Crescent 0% Bright |
|
|
Counting the number of Elements |
Count the capital letters |
|
|
Waning Crescent |
Right before New Moon Left side is bright and skinny |
|
|
Waning Gibbous |
Between Full Moon and Last Quarter Left side is bright and Big |
|
|
Waxing Gibbous |
Between First Quarter and Full Moon Right side is bright and Big |
|
|
Action |
The force exerted by the first object on a second object |
|
|
Alfred Wegener |
A German scientist who proposed the idea of continental drift |
|
|
Apparent Magnitude |
Measure of how bight an object appears from Earth |
|
|
Asexual Reproduction |
1 parent uniform offspring |
|
|
Asthenosphere |
The soft layer of mantle on which the lithosphere float |
|
|
At ____________, the side of the moon facing earth also faces directly away from the Sun. |
New Moon |
|
|
At ____________, the moon's Earth-facing side is completely lit. |
Full Moon |
|
|
Contour interval |
The difference in elevation from one contour line to the next |
|
|
Contour Line |
A line on a topography map that connects points of equal elevation |
|
|
Convergent Plate Boundary |
A tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other |
|
|
Decomposer |
organisms that break down the remains of dead plants and animals into smaller pieces, they digest with chemicals |
|
|
Divergent Plate Boundary |
Where two plates are moving apart, magma comes up to create new crust |
|
|
Ductile |
Property of matter that is capable of being drawn into wire |
|
|
Energy |
Ability to do work |
|
|
Erosion |
The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another |
|
|
New Moon |
|
|
|
Waxing Crescent |
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
Waxing Gibbous |
|
|
|
Full Moon |
|
|
|
Waning Gibbous |
|
|
|
Last (3rd) Quarter |
|
|
|
Waning Crescent |
|
|
|
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram |
a graph that plots luminosity vs. temperature of stars |
|
|
Light Year |
The distance light travels in one year |
|
|
Luminosity |
Brightness of an object |
|
|
Types of Stars |
Main Sequence Giants Supergiants White Dwarfs |
|
|
Molecules |
two or more atoms bonded together |
|
|
Pangaea |
All continents combined together |
|
|
Organic Compounds |
Must contain Carbon and Hydrogen Carbon must be the first element of the compound |
|
|
Precipitate |
A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction |
|
|
Reactants |
Left side of a chemical equation |
|
|
Revolution |
One object traveling around another object |
|
|
Rotation |
An object spinning on an axis |
|
|
Subduction |
The process that occurs at convergent boundaries where one plate is forces under another plate |
|
|
Cell Membrane |
semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of the cell |
|
|
Vacuole |
storage within the cell |
|
|
Cell Wall |
A rigid layer of support lying outside the cell membrane of plants |
|
|
Chloroplast |
Contains chlorophyll and where photosynthesis takes place in a plant cell |
|
|
Cytoplasm |
Gel-like substance that helps keeps organelles in place |
|
|
Circulatory |
Transportation of blood, oxygen and nutrients throughout the body |
|
|
Digestive |
Breakdown of food into usable nutrients for the body |
|
|
Endocrine |
Production of hormones in the body |
|
|
Execreatory |
Removal of waste |
|
|
Integumentary |
Provides a protective barrier between the body and the outside world |
|
|
Muscular |
Provides strength and movement for the body |
|
|
Nervous |
Controls all the functions of the body |
|
|
Reproductive |
Production of offspring |
|
|
Skeletal |
Provides structure and support for the body. |
