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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
passive transport
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the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
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photosynthesis
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the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen
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cellular respiration
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the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide
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cell membrane
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a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment
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chlorophyll
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a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates
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chloroplast
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an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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concentration
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the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore
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active transport
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the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy
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anaerobic
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describes a process that does not require oxygen
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ATP
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adenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups
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autotroph
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an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms
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heterotroph
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an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials
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equilibrium
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in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
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stomates
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one of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur (plural, stomata)
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diffusion
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the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
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osmosis
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the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent
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