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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Volcano? |
-Italian word: "Vulcano" meaning burning mountain |
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What are the parts of a volcano? |
-Magma Chamber -Main Vent -Crater -Lava Flow -Secondary Vent -Secondary Cone -Ash Cloud -Ash |
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What is the magma chamber? |
-largest reservoir that stores magma |
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It is where the magma passes through to reach the surface |
-Main Vent |
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What is the crater? |
-bowl shaped depression produced by a volcanic eruption |
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It is a stream of molten rock / magma flowing out of the creater |
-lava flow |
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What is the difference between the secondary vent and secondary cone? |
Secondary Vent -alternative passageway where magma can flow out of Secondary Cone -secondary exit |
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These are thick, volcanic ashes caused by volcanic explosions |
-Ash Cloud |
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What is Ash? |
-mixture of rocks, minerals, glass particles -expelled during eruption |
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What are the types of volcanoes based on their shape? |
-Cinder Cone -Composite -Shield |
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What is a Cinder Cone Volcano? |
-narrow base and very steep slope -formed from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ash -formed by explosive eruptions ex. Mt Smith - Cagayan |
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These volcanoes are also known as stratovolcanoes which have acidic and sticky lava with huge volumes of gasses emitted |
-Composite |
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What are Shield Volcanoes? |
-wide base with gentle sloping sides -formed from non-acidic lava flows with high viscosity -most are not very explosive -most are the largest volcanoes |
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These volcanoes erupted within the last 600 years |
-Active Volcanoes |
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These volcanoes are active but not erupting |
-Dormant Volcanoes |
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These volcanoes did not erupt within the last 10,000 years |
-Extinct Volcano |
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What is the Preparation Stage? |
-increase in seismic activity and steam is coming out |
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What is the Eruption Stage? |
-magma is then pushed up to the opening of the volcano |
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What is the Ending Phase? |
-magma chamber is empty, which causes the walls to collapse into the crater or caldera |
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What is the difference between Effusive and Explosive Eruptions? |
Effusive -low viscosity and gas content
Explosive -high viscosity and gas content |
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What are the types of volcanic eruptions? |
-Effusive -Explosive |
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What are the materials emitted during eruptions? |
Lava (molten rock) Tephra (pyroclastic materials) -Volcanic Bombs -Ash -Volcanic Blocks -Lapilli |
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What is the Hawaiian Type of explosion? |
-Fluid basaltic lava is thrown into the air, creating a lava fountain or lava flows
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What is the Strombolian type of explosion? |
-A burst of glowing lava happens due to the bursting of gas bubbles at the vents of the volcano -Creates products such as scoria (hardened chunks of bubbly lava) |
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This eruption type is short, explosive, and violent. |
-Vulcanian Type |
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This is the most violent among all eruptions |
-Plinian Type
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This is a steam-driven explosion |
-Phreatic Type |
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What is the Phreatomagmatic Type of explosion? |
-Involves the eruption of magma that reacts to external water -The interaction between magma and water results in an explosion that releases steam and pyroclastic fragments |
