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45 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Physical Properties
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
Particle theory of matter
• all matter is made up of tiny particles• each pure substance has its own kind of particle which is different from the particles of other pure substances • attract each other• always movingMove faster at a higher temperature
Pure Substance
One kind of particle
Mixture
More than one kind of particle
Conductor
Allows the movement of electrons
Insulator
Does not let the electrons flow through it easily
Astronomical Distance
Distance between Earth and the sun
Types of energy
Light heat sound
Static electricity
Imbalance of electrons on a surface
Fertilizers
replace lost nutrients on farmland
Pesticides
Poisons that kill pests
Solution
Uniform mixture which seems like there's only one substance
Mechanical mixture
Mixture is distinctive
Isotope
Form of an element that has same number of protons as the other atoms of that element but a different number of neutrons.
Physical property
Characteristic of a substance that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance
Qualitative
Observed and described without measurement
Quantitative
Measured and described by a particular value
Chemical property
Describe the ability of a substance to react with another substance to form one or more new substances
Ion
Positive or negatively charged atoms or molecules to form when atoms lose or gain electrons

induced charge seperation

a shift in the position of electrons in a neutral object that occurs when a charged object is brought near it.

static discharge

he sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown.

AC

alternating current

DC

direct current

stars

a fixed luminous point in the night sky that is a large, remote incandescent body like the sun.

planets

a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star.

dwarf planets

a celestial body resembling a small planet but lacking certain technical criteria that are required for it to be classed as such.

moons

he natural satellite of the earth, visible (chiefly at night) by reflected light from the sun.

asteroids

a small rocky body orbiting the sun

meteoroids

a small body moving in the solar system that would become a meteor if it entered the earth's atmosphere.

comets

a celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a “tail” of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun.

solar systems

he collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids, and comets.

galexies

a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.

universe

all existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos

asteroid belts

a region of space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where most of the asteroids in our Solar System are found orbiting the Sun.

natural satellites

any celestial body in space that orbits around a larger body.

artificial satellites

an artificial body placed in orbit around the earth or moon or another planet in order to collect information or for communication.

species richness

the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region.

biodiversity

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

eutrophic

rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen.

oligotrophic

relatively low in plant nutrients and containing abundant oxygen in the deeper parts.

biomass

the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume

autotroph

a producer

molecular element

two or more atoms are bound and can exists independently and still retain the properties of that substance.

molecular compound

as a compoundwhere the atoms share electrons through covalent bonds.

covalent bond

a chemicalbond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.