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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the sun's parts |
Interior Atmosphere Other Features |
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Core |
The core is in the interior of the sun. It is the center of the sun. It creates Nuclear Fusion which creates energy for the sun |
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Radiation Zone |
The radiation zone is in the interior of the sun. It creates heat and light for the sun. It takes up to 100,000 years for the nuclear fusion to pass through the Radiation Zone |
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Convection Zone |
The convection zone is in the interior of the sun. It is the outermost layer of the sun. Hot gasses rise from the bottom of theconvection zone and gradually cool as they approach the top. Cooler gases sink,forming loops of gas that move energy toward the sun’s surface. |
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Photosphere |
The photosphere is in the sun's atmosphere. It is the inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere. The gasses in the photosphere are visible. |
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Chromosphere |
This is part of the sun's atmosphere. At the start and end of a total eclipse, a reddish glow is visible just around the photosphere. This glow comes from the middle layer of the sun’s atmosphere, the chromosphere. The Greek word Chroma means color, so the chromosphere is the color sphere. |
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Corona |
This is part of the sun's atmosphere. During a solar eclipse, a part of the sun is reviled called the corona. This outer layer looks like a halo that extends for millions of miles in to space. It slowly thins into beams of charged radioactive particles called the solar wind. |
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Sunspots |
This is another feature of the sun. Sunspots are areas of gas on the sun’s surface that are cooler than the gases around them. Cooler gases don’t give off as much light as hotter gases, which is why sunspots look dark. Sunspots look small, but they can be larger than earth. The number of sunspots varies in a regular cycle, with the most sunspots appearing about once every 11 years. |
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Solar Flares |
These are another feature of the sun. Sometimes the loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect, releasing large amounts of magnetic energy. The energy heats gas on the sun to millions degrees Celsius, causing the gas to interrupt into space. These eruptions are called solar flares. |
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Solar winds |
These are another feature of the sun. The solar wind is made up of charged radioactive particles sprayed out from the sun. Solar flares can increase the power of the solar winds. Earths magnetic field normally blocks the solar wind. Near the north and south poles some of the particles can enter earths atmosphere. They create powerful electric currents that cause the molecules in the atmosphere to glow and create and aurora at the north and south poles. This can also cause magnetic storms that can disrupt the electronics on earth. |
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Prominences |
These are another feature of the sun. Sunspots occur in groups. Huge loops of gas called prominences link the sunspots together. |
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Earth |
Earth is rocky, it’s known as a terrestrial planet, with its solid and dynamic surfaces of mountains, valleys, canyons, plains and a lot more. What makes Earth special and not like the other terrestrial planets is that it is also an ocean planet. Earth has a ton of Oceans. In fact, Earth’s surface is 70 percent ocean. Earth is the only planet with conditions for life, (Goldilocks Conditions) Earth is known as Venus’ twin. Earth has an appropriate amount of gravity. |
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Mars |
Mars is a rocky body about half the size of Earth. As with the other terrestrial planets - Mercury, Venus, and Earth - volcanoes, impact craters, crustal movement, and atmospheric conditions such as dust storms have altered the surface of Mars. The color of Mars is because of the iron. The atmosphere has a thin amount of carbon dioxide. The temperatures are more extreme than earth. |
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Mercury |
Mercury is the smallest of the true planets. Instead of an atmosphere, Mercury possesses a thin exosphere made up of atoms blasted off the surface by the solar wind and striking micrometeoroids. Mercury's surface resembles Earth's Moon. Impact craters that were formed from collisions with meteoroids and comets scar Mercury. While there are large areas of smooth terrain, there are also lobe-shaped scarps or cliffs. It has the most dramatic extremes in temperatures. Venus has the warmest temperature in the solar system because of its thick atmosphere. The atmosphere is made out of carbon dioxide. There are clouds that are made out of celpheric acid. |
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Venus |
Venus is one of the brightest things in the sky besides the sun and the moon. Venus rotates backwards. Venus is the hottest planet. Venus is the second planet closest to the sun. Venus is covered in dark clouds. Venus has no moons or rings. Venus is a volcanic world with volcanoes, craters and mountains. Venus has more than 100 volcanoes. Then there are little craters. Venus has mountains higher than Mount Everest. Venus has the warmest temperature in the solar system because of its thick atmosphere. The atmosphere is made out of carbon dioxide. |
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Jupiter |
Jupiter is the biggest planet. Jupiter has the Great Red Spot, which is a massive storm, which is larger than earth. Jupiter has the largest “ocean” in the solar system. The ocean is made of compressed hydrogen gas. It is not an ocean as we know it, but it is still considered an ocean. Jupiter has three rings. Jupiter has the most moons. Jupiter has a rocky core. |
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Neptune |
Neptune has no known surface features. It has nine rings. Neptune has 13 known moons. Neptune is a gas giant. It is blue because of the methane in its atmosphere. The largest moon is Triton. |
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Pluto/dwarf planets |
Pluto is a dwarf planet. Pluto is mostly ice. Pluto’s atmosphere gets colder as it goes farther away from the sun. When this happens, the surface of Pluto freezes over. Pluto is very far from the sun. Pluto is classified as a dwarf planet because it is the same size as many other dwarf planets. It is located beyond Neptune. |
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Saturn |
Saturn does not have a solid surface because it is made up of mostly gas. Because of this, there are no surface features on Saturn. Saturn has 53 known moons. Saturn is a gas giant. Saturn’s atmosphere is made out of mostly hydrogen and helium. Saturn has the largest rings. Saturn’s most well known moon is Tartan. |
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Uranus |
The planet’s surface is made up of an “Ice” that is made of water, methane, and ammonia. Uranus has 27 moons and 13 rings. It rotates sideways. It is the coldest planet. Uranus is the gas twin to Neptune. |
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Smallest planet |
Mercury |
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Largest Planet |
Jupiter |
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Order of celestial objects from the sun |
Sun, mercury, venus, earth (earth’s moon), mars, asteroid belt and meteoroids, Jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto and other dwarf planets, Kuiper belt |
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Order of planets from smallest to largest |
Dwarf planets, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter |
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Comet |
A comet has a tiny frozen part called the nucleus that is often no longer than a few kilometers across. The nucleus contains icy chunks and frozen gasses with bits of embedded dust. A comet has an atmosphere called the Coma that gets larger when it gets closer to the sun. The Coma can be hundreds to thousands of kilometers in diameter. The coma surrounds the nucleus. The tail of a comet can stretch from tens to millions of kilometers long. The tail is made of ice and dust. Some comets have two tails, a plasma tail made of ionized gas and a dust tail made of small solid particles. Comets tails point away from the sun. A comet is made up of ice, dust, and gas. |
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Asteroids |
Asteroids are rocky, airless worlds that orbit the sun, but they are too small to be called planets. Some can be as large as a dwarf planet. |
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Meteors |
The light phenomena, which results when a meteoroid enters the Earth's atmosphere and vaporizes; a shooting star. |
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Meteoroid |
A small particle from a comet or asteroid orbiting the Sun. |
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Meteorite |
A meteoroid that survives its passage through the Earth's atmosphere and lands upon the Earth's surface. |
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Dwarf planets |
Dwarf planets are planets that are too small to be planets. They are located in the Kuiper Belt |
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What forces were involved in the Mars Landing project? |
Gravity Speed Acceleration |
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What is the difference between mass and weight? |
The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter in the object. Weight is a measure of the force on the object caused by a gravitational field. In other words, weight is how hard gravity pulls on an object. |
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What can you learn about the elements from the Periodic Table? |
Atomic mass, atomic number, if the element is metal, metalloid, or nonmetal, the chemical symbols, and its group. |
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Hydrogen |
H Chemical symbol- Atomic Number 1- State at room temperature gas- Weight 1.00794amu- Colorless- I was discovered in 1671- found in sun, stars, planets, water- I am used in bombs, electric motors, burned within the engines, and in fats and oil |
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Nitrogen |
Chemical symbol N- Atomic number 7- Gas- Weight 14.00674amu- discovered in first half of the 1800’s- found in over 78% of earth’s air and in living organisms. Used in ammonia and explosives, preservations of food, manufacturing of stainless steel. |
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Neon |
Atomic symbol NE- 10- gas- 20.1719amu- 1898- in the earth’s atmosphere and in space- used for OPEN signs in restaurants and making high voltage indicators and lasers |
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Silicon |
SI- 14- Solid- 28.0855- Silver metallic- 1824- in the earth’s crust, sand, rocks, etc.- used for making electronics |
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Chlorine |
CL- 17- Gas- 35.4527- Greenish Yellow- 1774- found in rocks and salt- used to treat swimming pools, clean bacteria out of drinking water, used in medications. |
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Titaniom |
TI- 22- Solid- 47.867amu- silver metallic- 1791- found on the moon, in sand, and in earth’s crust, not found alone- dead engines, containing nuclear waste, under water and mixed with other materials to make a stronger substance. |
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Iron |
FE- 26- Solid- 55.845amu- Grey silverish metallic- Discovered by the ancients-Earth’s crust, planets, stars, and meteorites- Bars cells, in food, in living organisms, vitamin C, cookery. |
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Cobalt |
CO- 27- Solid- 58.933195amu- Silverish grey- 1735 discovery- earth’s crust in pure form- jet engines- gas turbines- magnetic steels- magnets- dyes |
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Zirconium |
ZR- 40- Solid- 91.224amu- Silverish grey color- 1789- sun, stars, moon, meteorites, zircon- surgical appliances, vacuum cleaners, photo bulbs, jewelry |
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Platinum |
PT- 78- Solid- 195.084amu- Metallic grey- 1741- Earth’s crust, higher places where the earth has had an impact on volcanic areas- dentistry tools, jewelry, and electrical contacts/switches |
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Gold |
AU- 79- Solid- 196.96657amu- golden butter yellow- Discovered by the ancients- found in earth’s crust, part of rock, rivers, when stars collide- conducting electricity, hammer into sheets or wires, a part of alloys with other metals, money, jewelry |
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Uranium |
U- 92- solid- 238.0289amu- Silvery white sometimes green, metallic- 1789- earth’s crust and rocks- used for nuclear weapons, stain glass windows- glassware, silverware, jewelry. |
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Proton |
a proton is a positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Neutron |
a neutron is a particle in the nucleus in an atom that does not have a charge. |
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Electron |
an electron is a negatively charged particle in an atom. |
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Trace fossils |
Gastroliths, coprolites, nests, footprints, tools, burrows |
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Body fossils- Unaltered |
mummification, freezing, and trapped in tar or amber. |
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Body fossils- Altered |
Petrification, Carbon film, carbonization, phosphatization, molds and casts, piratization, encased in limestone |
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Stromatolite |
lived in Archean eon Still alive today longest living organism formed 3.5mya looks like a meatball and has a silverish grey color layered bacteria in a colony 10.5- 40 micrometers lives in sedimentary rock |
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Oreodont |
Time period- Tertiary period, neogene, and miocene Time of life- 24-.011mya Height- 1.5 meters Diet- grass and other plants Mammals pig like |
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Mosasaur |
Time- Late cretaceous- KT extinction Type- reptile Size- 10 meters Appearance- Large, scale like armor, large teeth Diet- Carnivore Habitat- the ocean |
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Megalodon |
Time- Miocene epoch- end of pliocene epoch (15-2.6mya) Type- shark Size- 18 meters long Appearance- They looked like giant great white sharks Diet- Carnivore Habitat- ocean |
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Ammonite |
Time- Devonian Period- paleocene epoch (360-65mya) Type- Mollusk Size- Some are 1m in size Appearance- squid like Diet- fish and crustaceans Habitat- warm shallow water |
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Giant Cave Bear |
Time- Paleocene- pleistocene (65- .011 mya Type- mammal Size- 244cm in length and 133cm in width Appearance- Heavily built, large heads, small eyes, resembled a grizzly bear Diet- Omnivore Habitat- In cold caves in low mountainous places |
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Trilobite |
Time- Cambrian period- late Permian period (540-280 mya) Type- arthropods Size- About an inch Appearance- three legs, grey in color, somewhat crab like Diet- Some were herbivores, some were detrivores, and some were scavengers Habitat- Sea |
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Virus |
Viruses are nonliving, have a protein coat that protects an inner core of genetic material, and cannot reproduce on their own. Viruses need a host. The parts of a virus are the genetic material, protein coat, membrane envelope, and virus’ surface proteins. |
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Bacteria |
Bacteria are tiny organisms that are everywhere. Some are good for you and some are bad. The parts of bacteria are the cell wall, genetic material, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, and the flagellum. |
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What are the roles of bacteria in the environment? |
Oxygen production, food production, health and medicine, environmental cleanup, and environmental recycling. |
