Science Chapter 9 Flashcards

Front 1

A hypothetically indestructable, uncreatable, highly elastic, self-repellent, all-pervading fluid formerly thought responsible for the production, possession, and transfer of heat.

Back 1

Calorie

Front 2

A theory that defined thermal energy as a substance that flowed from hot bodies into cold bodies

Back 2

Caloric theory of thermal energy

Front 3

1000 of these equals a kilocalorie.

Back 3

Calorie

Front 4

The amount of thermal energy required to increase the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree C.

Back 4

calorie (cal)

Front 5

The flow of thermal energy from an object to another object through contact.

Back 5

Conduction

Front 6

Any substance that will allow the flow of thermal energy; in electricity, a substance that holds its valence electrons loosely, allowing the flow of electricity.

Back 6

Conductors

Front 7

The flow of thermal energy from one place to another by the movement of particles.

Back 7

Convection

Front 8

A mass of moving particles that carries thermal energy.

Back 8

Convection current

Front 9

A unit of temperature.

Back 9

Degree

Front 10

The amount of disorder and randomness in a system; unusable energy.

Back 10

entropy

Front 11

The kinetic energy present within the particles of matter; the transfer of thermal energy.

Back 11

Heat

Front 12

The amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its solid phase to its liquid phase.

Back 12

Heat of fusion

Front 13

The amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its liquid phase to its gaseous phase.

Back 13

Heat of vaporization

Front 14

A substance that does not conduct electricity or heat very well.

Back 14

Insulators

Front 15

1000 calories of a "big" calorie = Calorie

Back 15

kilocalorie (kcal)

Front 16

The energy of motion.

Back 16

Kinetic energy

Front 17

Identifies thermal energy of an object with the motion of its particles.

Back 17

Kinetic theory of thermal energy

Front 18

The transport of thermal energy without the use of matter.

Back 18

Radiation

Front 19

A measurement of the insulating ability of a substance.

Back 19

R-value

Front 20

The amount of thermal energy in calories needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 degree C.

Back 20

Specific heat

Front 21

The measure of the average kinetic energy in a material

Back 21

Temperature

Front 22

The total energy of the particles in an object related to the motion of the molecules or ions in matter.

Back 22

Thermal energy

Front 23

If an object with a higher temperature comes in contact with a lower temperature object, it will transfer heat to the lower temperature object. The objects will approach the same temperature, and in the absence of loss to other objects, they will maintain a single constant temperature.

Back 23

Thermal equilibrium

Front 24

Increase in the volume of a substance caused by the addition of thermal energy.

Back 24

Thermal expansion

Front 25

The branch of physics that deals with thermal energy.

Back 25

Thermodynamics

Front 26

The transfer of thermal energy is also called _________.

Back 26

Heat

Front 27

The kinetic theory of thermal energy identifies the thermal energy of an object with the _______ of its __________.

Back 27

motion of its particles

Front 28

The faster the molecules move, the higher the substance's _________.

Back 28

temperature

Front 29

273 K is ________ degree C or _________ degree F.

Back 29

0 degree C or 32 degree F

Front 30

Explain the difference between temperature and thermal energy.
a. Temperature measures the _________ kinetic energy of an object's particles.
b. Thermal energy measures the ______ energy of the particles in an object.

Back 30

average
total

Front 31

What are the units for Thermal energy?

Back 31

joules

Front 32

The definition of a calorie is: the amount of thermal energy which (raises/lowers) the temperature of ____ of water _______

Back 32

raises the temp of 1g of water 1 degree C.

Front 33

The definition of the kilocalorie is the amount of thermal energy which (raises/lowers) the temperature of _____ of water _________.

Back 33

raises the temp of 1kg of water 1 degree C.

Front 34

Every person needs a certain amount of calories to maintain good health and weight. Assume Bob's daily requirements are 2000 Calories. What will happen to Bob if he eats less than that amount? What will happen to Bob if he eats more than that amount?

Back 34

If he eats less, he will loose weight, if he eats more, he will gain weight.

Front 35

The units for temperature are (joules/calories/Calories/degrees)

Back 35

degrees

Front 36

Thermal energy's units are (joules/calories/newtons/degrees)

Back 36

joules or calories

Front 37

When two objects at different temperatures touch each other, heat flows from the hotter object to the cooler one. This is called (conduction/radiation/convection)

Back 37

conduction

Front 38

When the average kinetic energy (temperature) of the particles of both objects become equal, conduction stops and _________ __________ is reached.

Back 38

thermal equilibrium

Front 39

Conduction is the main method of heat flow in (solids/liquids/gases)

Back 39

solids

Front 40

When moving particles transfer thermal energy from one place to another it is called (conduction/radiation/convection)

Back 40

convection

Front 41

The __________ theory of thermal energy identifies the thermal energy of an object with the ______ of its _________.

Back 41

kinetic; movement of its particles.

Front 42

Solids which conduct heat easily are called _________ ________.

Back 42

thermal conductors

Front 43

Substances which do not conduct heat easily are called _____ _________.

Back 43

thermal insulators.

Front 44

What is heat?

Back 44

the transfer of thermal energy; the Kinetic Energy present with in the particles of matter

Front 45

The ________ theory of thermal energy held that thermal energy is a weightless, invisible fluid.

Back 45

Caloric

Front 46

The _____ theory of thermal energy identifies the thermal energy of an object with the motion of its particles.

Back 46

kinetic

Front 47

(True/False) All molecules at temperatures above absolute zero are in a continual state of motion.

Back 47

True

Front 48

The sum total of all this microscopic-scale randomized kinetic energy within a body is given a special name, ________.

Back 48

Thermal energy

Front 49

We use ________ to measure "hotness" and "coldness".

Back 49

temperature

Front 50

In the centigrade scale of temperature, water freezes at ____ degrees and boils at _____.

Back 50

0 and 100

Front 51

In the Kelvin scale of temperature, water freezes at ____ K.

Back 51

273

Front 52

In the Fahrenheit scale of temperature water boils at ____ degrees.

Back 52

212

Front 53

Which contains the most thermal energy (a ton of molten copper/a Greenland glacier)

Back 53

a Greenland glacier

Front 54

Which possesses particles with the highest average kinetic energy? A ton of molten copper or a Greenland glacier?

Back 54

molten copper

Front 55

(T/F) Thermal energy is independent of the mass of an object.

Back 55

F

Front 56

(T/F) Thermal energy is measured in degrees.

Back 56

F

Front 57

(T/F) The joule and the calorie are both measures of energy.

Back 57

T

Front 58

(T/F) The calorie is the SI unit for (thermal) energy.

Back 58

F

Front 59

(T/F) Thermal energy of food is actually potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of the food molecules.

Back 59

T

Front 60

(T/F) Heat can travel from a cold object to a hot object.

Back 60

F

Front 61

List three mechanisms by which heat travels from one object to another.

Back 61

Conduction, Convection, Radiation

Front 62

(T/F) Conduction can take place from one body to another, provided the two bodies are in contact and a temperature difference exists between them.

Back 62

T

Front 63

(T/F) Porous materials are good heat conductors due to the presence of air within them.

Back 63

F

Front 64

(T/F) Gases are good insulators.

Back 64

T

Front 65

List three good insulating materials.

Back 65

Wool, air, Styrofoam

Front 66

(T/F) A higher R-value means a material is a better conductor of heat.

Back 66

F

Front 67

(T/F) Convection is the main mechanism for thermal transfer in solids.

Back 67

F

Front 68

(T/F) Convection of air masses is responsible for weather.

Back 68

T

Front 69

(T/F) Radiation can take place in a vacuum.

Back 69

T

Front 70

(T/F) Absorbed light energy, re-radiated as infrared radiation, is the primary source of atmospheric heat from the sun.

Back 70

T

Front 71

(T/F) Dark objects are generally very good reflectors of solar radiation.

Back 71

F

Front 72

_________ is the branch of physics that deals specifically with the transformation of thermal energy into other forms of energy and into work.

Back 72

thermodynamics

Front 73

(T/F) Complete transformation of heat into other forms of energy is impossible.

Back 73

T

Front 74

(T/F) A transfer of energy to or from a system by any means other than heat is called "work".

Back 74

T

Front 75

(T/F) The Second Law of Thermodynamics specifies that the complete conversion of heat into work is impossible.

Back 75

T

Front 76

(T/F) A kcal of thermal energy can raise the temperature of any substance 1 degree C.

Back 76

F

Front 77

(T/F) Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance 1 degree C.

Back 77

T

Front 78

(T/F) In comparison to glass and iron, water has a relatively high specific heat.

Back 78

True

Front 79

(T/F) Latent "invisible" heat is the thermal energy released or absorbed during a change of state.

Back 79

T

Front 80

_______________ is the amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its solid phase to its liquid phase.

Back 80

Latent heat of fusion

Front 81

____________ is the amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its liquid phase to its gaseous phase.

Back 81

Latent heat of vaporization

Front 82

Explain how a vacuum flask can keep my coffee warm by reducing all three modes of heat transfer.

Back 82

The flask consists of an insulated outer container containing the inner vacuum flask, which essentially consists of a double walled glass vessel, with an evacuated space between the walls. This reduces conduction through the vessel wall. The inner walls of the flask are coated with a thin layer of silver, acting as a mirror which reduces heat, thus reducing losses by radiation. The stopper reduces losses by convection.

Front 83

For water, which is larger the latent heat of fusion or the latent heat of vaporization?

Back 83

the latent heat of vaporization

Front 84

(T/F) formation of ice absorbs heat energy.

Back 84

F

Front 85

(T/F) Condensation of steam into water releases heat energy.

Back 85

T