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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
diamond
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crystalline form of carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded strongly to four other carbon atoms
hard solid nonreactive |
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fullerene
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carbon atoms arranged into the shape of a hollow sphere
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graphite
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each carbon atom is bonded tightly to three other carbon atoms in flat layers
bonds between layers are weak and slide past each other easily |
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nanotube
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carbon atoms are arranged in the shape of a long, hollow cylinder
only a few nanometers wide in diameter tiny, light, flexible and strong good conductors of electricity and heat |
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organic compound
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compounds that contain carbon
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hydrocarbon
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compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
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structural formula
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shows the kind, number and arrangement of atoms in a molecule
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isomer
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compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas
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saturated hydrocarbon
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hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbons
"filled up" with hydrogens |
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unsaturated hydrocarbon
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hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds
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substituted hydrocarbon
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a hydrocarbon where atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
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hydroxyl group
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-OH
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alcohol
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substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxy groups
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organic acid
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substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups
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carboxyl group
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-COOH
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ester
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compound made by combining an alcohol and an organic acid
have pleasant and fruity smells |
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polymer
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a very large molecule that is made up of a chain of many smaller molecules bound together
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monomers
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the small molecules that make up a polymer
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protein
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a polymer made up of amino acids
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amino acid
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monomer that is the building block of a protein
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plastics
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synthetic polymer that can be molded or shaped
made from coal or oil |
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composite
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combines two or more substances in a new material with different properties
usually combine one or more polymer |
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carbohydrate
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an energy rich, organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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glucose
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simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula C6H12O6
called "blood sugar" because blood circulates glucose to cells in the body through the bloodstream |
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complex carbohydrate
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polymer made up of simple carbohydrates bonded to one another
starch cellulose |
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starch
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the molecule that plants store energy in
energy released by breaking down starch allows the body to function |
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cellulose
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the complex carbohydrate plants use to build strong stems and roots
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lipids
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energy rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
made of three fatty acids and an alcohol called glycerol fats, oils and cholesterol |
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fatty acids
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a monomer of a fat or oil
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cholesterol
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waxy substance found in animal cells
used to build cell structures and to form compounds that serve as chemical messengers |
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nucleic acids
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very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus
DNA and RNA |
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid
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nucleotides
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building blocks of nucleic acids
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