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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organism's reproductive cells, such as sperm or egg cells.
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Gamete
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form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring.
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Binary Fission
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segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.
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Gene
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as a eukaryotic cell prepares to divide, the DNA and the proteins associated with DNA-become visible.
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Chromosomes
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two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome.
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Chromatids
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two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point.
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Centromere
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chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content.
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Homologous Chromosomes
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contains two sets of chromosomes it's called.
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Diploid
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when a cell, such as a gamete, contains one set of chromosomes it is said to be.
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Haploid
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fertilized egg cell, the first cell of a new individual.
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Zygote
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chromosomes that aren't directly involved in determining the gender of an individual.
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Autosomes
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one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, contain genes that will determine the sex of the individual.
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Sex Chromosomes
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repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism
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Cell Cycle
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a cell spends 90% of its time in the first three phases of the cycle.
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Interphase
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process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei
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Mitosis
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process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides
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Cytokinesis
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the uncontrolled growth of cells.
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Cancer
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are cell structures made up of both centrioles and individual microtubule fiber that are involved in moving chromosomes during cell division.
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Spindle
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form of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming specialized reproductive cells, such as gametes or spores.
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Meiosis
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occurs when portions of a chromatid on one homologous chromosome are broken and exchanged with a corresponding chromatid portions of the other homologous chromosome
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Crossing-over
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the random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
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Independent Assortment
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process by which sperm are produced in male animals
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Spermatogenesis
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four cells change in form and develop a tail to become male gametes
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Sperm
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process by which gametes are produced in female animals
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Oogenesis
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larger cells develop into a gamete called, or an egg
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Ovum
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a single parent passes copies of all its genes to each of its offspring; there is no fusion of haploid cells such as gametes.
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Asexual Reproduction
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an individual produced by asexual reproduction
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Clone
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two parents form reproductive cells that have one-half the number of chromosomes
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Sexual Reproduction
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entire span in the life of an organism from one generation to the next
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Life Cycle
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the gametes (sperm and egg) join in a process called
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Fertilization
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