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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
erosion
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the removal and transport of surface material, such as rock and soil
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water cycle
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the continuous movement of water from water sources, such as lakes or oceans, into the air, onto land, into the ground, and back to the water sources
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runoff
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water that flows across land and collects in rivers, streams, and eventlually the ocean
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precipitation
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rain snow sleet or hail that falls from clouds onto earth's surface
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evaporation
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occurs when liquid water from the earth's surface and from living organisms changes into water vapor
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condensation
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occurs when water vapor cools and changes into liquid water droplets that form clouds in the atmosphere
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infiltration
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movement of water into the ground due to the pull of gravity
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percolation
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the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to gravity
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tributaries
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smaller streams or rivers that flow into larger ones
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drainage basin
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watershed is the land drained by a river system which includes the main river and all of its tributaries
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divide
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an area of higher ground than the basins it separates
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channel
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the path that a stream follows
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gradient
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the measure of change in elevation over a certain distance
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discharge
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amounto of water a stream or river carries in a given amoungt of time
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load
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materials carried in a stream's water are collectively called this
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bed load
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lare materials carried by a stream pebbles and boulders
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suspended load
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small rocks and soil in suspension that a river can carry that makes it look muddy
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dissolved load
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carried in solution which is dissolved in the water like sodium or calcium
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youthful rivers
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river that erodes its channel deeper rather than wider flows quickly has a steep gradient few tributaries rapids and waterfalls
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mature rivers
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river that erodes channel wider than deeper gradient not very steep few falls and rapids fed by many tributaries good drainage more discharge
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old rivers
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river with low gradient extremely low erosive power deposit sediment in channel and banks wide flat flood plains more meanders fewer tributaries
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rejuvenated rivers
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rivers occur where land is raised by tectonic forces when land rises gradient becomes steeper allows water to cut more deeply into valley floor steplike terraces on both sides
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deposition
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process by which material is dropped, or settles
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alluvium
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rock and soil deposited by streams
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placer deposit
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deposits placed whaere the current slows down in a river
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delta
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the river reaches a large body of water forming a ganshaped deposit
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alluvial fans
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fan shaped deposits form on dry land where mountain meets the flat land
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flood plain
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a sudden increase in the volume of water causing it to overflow into the surrounding land
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ground water
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water located within the rocks below earths surface
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water table
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underground boundary where two zones meet
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aquifer
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rock layer that stores and allows the flow of ground water
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porosity
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amount of open space between individual rock particles
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permeability
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rocks ability to let water pass through it
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recharge zone
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ground surface where water enters and aquifer
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artesian springs
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springs that form where cracks occur natrually in the cap rock and the pressurized water in the aquifer flows through cracks to the surface
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well
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human made hole that is deeper than the level of the water table
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stalactite
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form on top of cave
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stalagmite
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form on ground of cave
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dripstone
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depostits of calcium carbonate
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sinkholes
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circular depression where a cave collapsed
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point source pollution
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type of pollution that comes from one particular point
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nonpoint source pollution
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type of pollution that is much more difficult to control because it doesnt come from a single source
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sewage treatment plants
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factories taht clean the waste materials out of water that comes from the sewer or drains
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primary treatment
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first series of steps sewage goes through to be cleaned
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secondary treatment
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steps after that sewage goes through to be cleaned
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septic tank
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large underground tank that collects and cleans waste into the tank where the solids sink to the bottom
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drain field
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buried pipes distribute the water enabling it to soak into the ground
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