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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is a compound?
Air is a mixture of gases. These gases include both elements and compounds. Three gases in the air are:
oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
What is an element?
An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
--The smallest unit of an element is called an atom.
--An element is made up of only one kind of atom.
--The elements found in living things include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
What is a compound?
When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a compound.
--Carbon dioxide is a compound made up of the elements of carbon and oxygen.
--Most elements in livng things occur in the form of compounds.
The smallest unit of many compounds is called a molecule.
What is a molecule?
The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule.
--A molecule of carbon dioxide consists of o ne carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
--Water is another compound. Each water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and o ne oxygen atom.
What are organic compounds?
Most compounds that contain carbon are called organic compounds.
--Many of the compounds of living things contain the element carbon, which is usually combined with other elements.Some important grolujps of organic compounds found in living things are carbohydrates, kipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
--A lot of these compounds are found in food, which come from living things.
What are inorganic compounds?
Compounds that don't contain the element carbon are called inorganic compounds.
--Water and sodium chloride, or table salt, are familiar examples of inorganic compounds.
--Organisms contain many inorganic compounds as well as organic compounds.
What are carbohydrates?
A carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements:
--carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Sugars and starches are examples of carbohydrates.
Sugars are produced during the food-making process that takes place in plants.
--Fruits and vegetables are hight in sugar content.
Sugar molecules can combine, forming large moleculre called starches or complex carbohydrates.
2.
What are carbohydrates?
Plant cells store excell energy in molecules of starch.
Many foods that come from plants contain starch.
These foods include potatoes, pasta, rice, and bread.
When you eat these foods, your body breaks down the starch into glucose, a sugar that your cells can use to produce energy.
Cellulose found in the cell walls of plants is a type of carbohydrate.
Carbohydrates are also found in cell membranes.
What is a lipid?
Lipids are energy-rich organic compounds makde of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Lipids contain even more energy than carbohydrates.
Cells store energy in lipids for late use.
For example, during winter, a dormant bear lives on the energy stored as fat within its cell.
Cell membranes are made mainly of lipids.
What are proteins?
Proteins are large organiz molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases, sulfur.
Tood that are high in protein include meat, eggs, fish, nuts, and beans.
Bird's feathers, spider's web, and fingernails are made mainly of proteins.
What is the structure of proteins?
Protein molecules are made up of smaller molecules called amino acids.
There are only 20 common amino acides, yet cells can combine them in different ways toform thousands of different proteins.
What is the function of proteins?
Much of the structure of cells is made up of proteins.
Proteins from parts of cell membranes.
Proteins also makde up many of the organelles within the cell.
Proteins known as enzymes perform importnat functions inthe chemical reations that take place in cells.
An enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.
Without enzynes, many chemical reactions that are necessary for life would leither take too long or not occur at all.
An example: siliva and digestion of food.
What are nucleic acids?
Nudcleic acides qare vey long organize molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Nucleic acides contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
What is DNA?
There are two types of nucleic acids.
--Deoxyribonucleic or DNA is the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
The information in DNA also directs all of the cell's functions.
Most of the DNA in a cell is found in the chromatin in the nucleus.
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic acid or RNA plays an imprant role inthe production of proteins. RNA is found in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus.
What is the role of enzymes in cells?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells.
What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?
What are their functions?
--DNA and RNA.
--DNA is the genetic materiral
--RNA is important in protein sysnthesis.
What is the difference between sugar and starch?
Sugar molecules combine to form starch.
How are inorganic compounds different from organic compounds?
--Most organic comounds contain carbon
--Inorganic do not contain carbon.
Why is carbon an element?
It cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
What are two or more elements chemically combined called?
A compound.
What are the most important groups of organic compounds found in living things?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
To store and produce energy and to make up some cell parts.
How do living things use lipids?
They use some of the enegy contained in lipids and store some energy in lipids for later use.
What three important functions does water perform in cells?
--Water helps cells keep their size and shape,
--helps keep the temperature of cells stable,
--helps carry substances into and out of cells
Suppose a cell is seriously deprived of water. How might this lack of water affect the cell's enzymes? Explain.
Chemical reactions could not take place, so enzymes could not function.
What is an element?
Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance s.
How is a compound different from an element?
A compound can be broken down tito two or more elements.
A molecule of ammonia consists of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. Is ammonia an element or a compound. Explain.
A compound. It is made of the two elements nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen.
What are four types of organic molecules found in living things?
--Carbohydrates,
--proteins,
--lipids, and
--nuclei acid.
About two-thirds of the human body is water. How does water help regulate body temperature?
It helps keep the temperature of body cells from changing rapidly.
An organic compound contains only the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Could this compound be a carbohydrate. Could it be a protein? Explain.
It could be a carbohydrate, but not a protein. All proteins contain nitrogen.