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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter
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Anything that oppucies space and has mass
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Elements
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Substances that cannot be broken down into other substances. 92 naturally occuring elements.
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Trace Elements
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Elements in which only a small amount is required but they are still very important
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Compound
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A substance containing 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
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Atoms
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The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
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Protons
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Subatomic particle with a + charge. Found in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons tells you which element the atom belongs.= the atomic number
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Nuetrons
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Subatomic particle with no charge. Found in the nucleus of an atom. The number of nuetrons may vary from different atoms of the same element which are called isotopes
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Electrons
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Subatomic particle with a - charge. Found in the orbitals
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Mass Number
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The mass of the protons and nuetrons together
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Isotopes
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Atoms of the same element with a different number of nuetrons
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Radioactive Isotopes
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Isotopes where the nuleus breaks down giving off energy and particles. They are used to track elements through living systems
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Chemical Bonding
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An attraction between atoms resulting in the sharing of outer shell electrons or the transfer of electonsbetween atoms. (Atoms bond to complete their outer shell)
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Ionic Bonds
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Bonding involving the transfer of electons between atoms
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Ions
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Negitively or Positively charged atoms or particles
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Covalent Bonds
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Bonding involving the sharing of electrons
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Molecules
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Atoms covalently bonded together
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Chemical Reations
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A process leading to chemical changes in matter. It involves the making and breaking of chemical bonds.
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Reatants
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A starting material in a chemical reaction
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Polar Molecules
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A molecule that has an oppoisite changes on opposite ends
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Cohesion`
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Water molecules attached by weak hydrogen bonds to eachother
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Heat
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the amount of energy associated with the movement of molecules in matter
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Temperatures
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A measure of speed of the molecules in matter
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Evaporative Cooling
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Helps you cool off in the summer time. Thefastest moving molecules of water break away and leave the slowest coolest molecules behind.
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Why does it float?
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When water freezes, it organizes into a crystal shape that holds water molecules at "arm length" to make it less dense that liquid water.
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Solution
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A homogenous mixture of two substances. Usually a solid
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Solvent
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Part of a colution that is in the greatest quantity. Usually a liquid
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Solute
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The substances in the smaller quantity. Ofter a solid
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Acid
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A substance that when added to water increases ion concentration
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Base
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A substance that when added to water increases the OH concentration.
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pH scale
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measures the extent tp which a compoun is acidic or base
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Buffers
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substances in liquids that resist changes in ph.
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